Aged, 80 and over ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; metabolism ; Brain ; pathology ; Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; etiology ; pathology ; Consciousness Disorders ; etiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Male

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Head ; innervation ; Humans ; Neuritis ; therapy

Objective To investigate the safety and clinical prognosis of breast conserving operation in treat-ment of triple negative breast cancer.Methods 157 patients with breast cancer were divided into the non triple nega-tive breast cancer group (n=76) and triple negative breast cancer (n=81) according to its receptor expression,clin-ical pathological features, local recurrence after 5 years.Distant metastasis and survival situation were compared between two groups.Results The age<35 years patients of triple negative group accounted 17.3%,significantly higher than 7.9%of the non triple negative group(χ2 =5.331,P<0.05);the size of tumor≥5cm of triple negative group accounted 79.0%,significantly higher than 59.2% of the non triple negative group(χ2 =7.022,P<0.05);The patients with positive family history and lymph nodes of the triple negative group were 9.9%and 28.4%,signifi-cantly higher than 2.6%and 17.1%of non triple negative group,the difference between the two groups was statisti-cally significant (χ2 =6.283,4.865,all P<0.05);The local recurrence,distant metastasis rate and 5 year survival rates between the two group were not significantly different(χ2 =2.559,2.829,2.361,all P>0.05);The 5 year dis-ease free survival rate of the triple negative group was 80.25%,significantly lower than 94.74%of the non triple neg-ative group (χ2 =6.572,P<0.05).Conclusion The patients with triple negative breast cancer is younger,their tumor size is large and has a high proportion of family history.Their recurrence rate,distant metastasis rate and 5 year overall survival rate are as better as the patients with non triple negative breast cancer after breast preservation opera-tion,which has high security and good clinical application value.

ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence and the cause of chronic pain in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) patients,and the effect of chronic pain on quality of life.Methods Seventy MHD patients in dialysis centre of our hospital were enrolled in the study and divided into 2 groups according to pain symptoms.There were 32 patients with chronic pain in pain group,and 38 patients without chronic pain in painless group.Pain degree was evaluated by numerical rating scale (NRS,1 to 10) in pain group.Parathyroid hormone (PTH),β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and bone mineral density(BMD) of all the patients were measured.Depression and insomnia degrees were examined by Beck depression index (BDI) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) respectively.Correlations were performed among parameters.Results The incidence of chronic pain in MHD patients was 45.7％ and the mean pain intensity of NRS was 5.71±1.86(95％ CI,5.04-6.38).There were significant differences of PTH,BMD,β2-MG,BDI score and PSQI score between two groups(all P＜0.01).The painful degree was positively correlated with levels of PTH and β2-MG,and the scores of PSQI and BDI,and was negatively correlated with BMD in pain group.Conclusion Chronic pain is common in MHD patients with different location and moderate degree,which can aggravate the depression and insomnia and may be associated with the changes of PTH,β2-MG and BMD.

Object To develop a simple and reliable method to detect the presence of uronic acids in polysaccharides Methods Uronic acid containing polysaccharides and standard glucons were subjected to acid hydrosis for 2 h and 4 h respectively. Samples of the products, before and after hydrolysis were analyzed by TLC using standard uronic acid as the control and aminobenzen alizaric acid as the chromogenic agent, to compare the sensitivities in the detection of uronic acid used in the present conventional analysis. Results The fluorescent spots used as criterion in traditional TLC method were not shown by uronic acids, but by CF 3COOCH 3 and other by products in reaction 0 5 ?g of uronic acid could be detected with our method, without false positive reaction Conclusion The traditional TLC method seemed to lack theorectical background and may mislead structural study The present method in more reliable to detect uronic acids in polysaccharides by analyzing the complete hydrolytic products of polysaccharides using TLC with standard uronic acids as control and aminobenzene alizaric acid as chromogenic agent

Objective To investigate the relationship between inflammatory factors,including C-reactive protein( CRP),tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α),adiponectin,leptin and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their changes in puerperiunr Methods From June 2008 to May 2010,40 cases with gestational diabetes mellitus,40 cases of normal pregnancy were enrolled in this study.Fasting venous blood were obtained at early pregnancy (10 - 12 weeks),late pregnancy (36 -38 weeks) and day 3 and 42 of postpartum.Serumal adiponectin,leptin and TNF-α were measured by ELISA,and serumal CRP were measured by particle enhanced immunoturbidimetric method.The levels of those 4 cytokines and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index were compared between two groups.And the changes of 4 cytokines were calculated in puerperium.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) for TNF-α predicting GDM was designed.Results ( 1 ) The relationship between cytokines and HOMA-IR:the levels of adiponectin of (5.7 ± 1.8 ) mg/L in the GDM group were significantly lower than ( 8.1 ± 2.7 ) mg/L in control group in early pregnancy,and the level of adiponectin was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR (r=-0.333,P＜0.05).The levels of (28 ± 10) μg/L of leptin,( 10.0 ±3.4) ng/L of TNF-α and (4.7 ± 1.1 ) mg/L of CRP in GDM group were significantly higher than ( 20 ± 8 ) μ,g/L of leptin,(4.6 ±2.7) ng/L of TNF-α,(2.4 ± 1.2 ) mg/L of CRP in control group,which were positively correlated with HOMA-IR ( r =0.411,0.529,0.308,all P ＜ 0.05 ).In late pregnancy,the level of adiponectin ( 3.9 ±2.2) mg/L in the GDM group was significantly lower than ( 6.6 ± 2.7 ) mg/L in control group,and the level of adiponectin was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR ( r =- 0.344,P ＜ 0.05 ).The levels of ( 37 ±13) μg/L of leptin,( 12.7 ±2.6) ng/L of TNF-α and (6.7 ±3.6) mg/L of CRP in the GDM group were significantly higher than ( 30 ± 13 ) μg/L of leptin,(5.8 ± 2.1 ) ng/L of TNF-α,( 4.4 ± 3.1 ) mg/L of CRP in control group,which were positively correlated with HOMA-IR (r =0.414,0.487,0.285,all P ＜0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the level of TNF-α at early and late pregnancy was most correlated with HOMA-IR ( r =0.390,0.284,all P ＜ 0.05 ).( 2 ) The level of the cytokines and HOMA-IR in puerperium:at day 3 of postpartum,the level of adiponectin of (3.3 ± 1.1) mg/L in the GDM group was significantly lower than (6.2 ± 1.5 ) mg/L in control group,which was negatively correlated with HOMA-1R (r =- 0.283,P ＜ 0.05 ).The levels of ( 31 ± 13 ) μg/L of leptin,( 10.1 ± 5.7 ) ng/L of TNF-α and (35.1 ±6.5) mg/L of CRP in the GDM group were significantly higher than (21 ± 15) μg/L of leptin,(5.6 ± 3.0) ng/L of TNF-α,(30.5 ± 8.5) mg/L of CRP in control group.And leptin and TNF-α levels were positively correlated with HOMA-IR (r=0.372,0.494,all P ＜0.05).At day 42 of postpartum,the level of adiponectin in GDM group was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR ( r =- 0.299,P ＜ 0.05 ),and the levels of leptin and TNF-α were positively correlated with HOMA-IR ( r =0.401,0.442,all P ＜0.05 ).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the level of TNF-αt at day 3 and day 42 was most correlated with HOMA-IR ( r =0.363,0.274,all P ＜ 0.05 ).( 3 ) ROC analysis of data from early pregnancy showed that the threshold for TNF-α to predict GDM was 5.45 ug/L.Conclusion TNF-ot might be the index to predict GDM and evaluate prognosis.

BACKGROUND: As a kind of polypeptide, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide can lower the blood pressure of human body through restraining the formation of angiotensin Ⅱ.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of AGE inhibitory peptide on endothelial cell proliferation and endothelin expression in cultured human umbilical vein cells based on cellular and molecular levels in order to provide the experimental evidences for ACE inhibitory peptide to be the potential blood pressure-lowering health food.DESIGN: Repeated measures design.SETTING: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology; School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology,Shenzhen Polytechnic.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Institute of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic from September 2004 to March 2005. The AGE inhibitory peptide was provided by the Institute of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic. Under certain circumstance, 15 μ mol/L of the inhibitor was needed to decrease half of the AGE activity. The human umbilical vein endothelial cells of the 4th generation were cultured randomly in 7 groups with different concentrations: medium group, 150, 300 and 600 mg/L ACE inhibitory peptide groups, captopril group, norepinephrine(NE) group, and ACE inhibitory peptide+NE group.METHODS: ①The endothelial cells were cultured as recommended. The medium was M199+FBS(0.15, v/v)+penicillin(10 000 U/mL)+streptomycin (100 mg/L). After cellular fusion, the cells were carried on the passage with the ratio of 1:2. The 4th generation cells were used for experiment. ②M199(0.15, v/v) was contained in each group. ACE inhibitory peptides were added to make the final concentration 150, 300 and 600 mg/L in the 150, 300 and 600 mg/L ACE inhibitory peptide groups respectively. Captopril was added to make the final concentration 10-5 mol/L in the captopril group. NE was added to make the final concentration 100 μg/L in the NE group. ACE inhibitory peptide and NE were added to make the final concentration 300 mg/L and 100 μg/L in the ACE inhibitory peptide+NE group respectively. ③The state of cell growth was determined with cytometry. The contents of endothelial cells in the medium with different culture times were determined with radioimmunoassay. The expression of endothe lin mRNA was determined with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The expression of cellular endothelin protein was determined with immunohistochemical method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①The influence of ACE inhibitory peptide on endothelial cell proliferation. ②The influence of ACE inhibitory peptide on the endothelin mRNA and endothelin protein.RESULTS: ①The influence of ACE inhibitory peptide on endothelial cell proliferation and endothelin secretion: Compared with the medium group,in the captopril and 150, 300, 600 mg/L ACE inhibitory peptide groups,the growth of endothelial cells was restrained and the endothelin content in the medium was lowered(P ＜ 0.01 or 0.05). NE could promote the growth of endothelial cells and the secretion of endothelin, but the cell density and endothelin content after treatment with ACE inhibitory peptide were similar to those in the medium group (P ＞ 0.05). ②The influence of ACE inhibitory peptide on the expressions of endothelin mRNA and protein in endothelial cells: Compared with the medium group, the expressions of endothelin mRNA and protein might be lowered in the captopril and 150,300, 600 mg/L ACE inhibitory peptide groups(P ＜ 0.01 or 0.05). The expressions of endothelin mRNA and protein could be up-regulated by NE.The gene expression after treatment with ACE inhibitory peptide was similar to that in the medium group(P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The ACE inhibitory peptides of different dosages can all restrain the growth of endothelial cells, lower the endothelin content, decrease the expression of endothelin gene and resist NE improved growth and secretion of endothelial cells in umbilical vein cell effectively.

Objective To investigate the correlation between QRS amplitudes and left ventricular wall thickness in autopsy specimens of elderly men.Methods The data of autopsy cases in our hospital since 1990 were retrospectively analyzed.The cases with QRS duration≥0.12 s and the pacing electrocardiogram were excluded.QRS amplitudes of standard 12-lead electrocardiography in 3 months before death were measured and the correlation between QRS amplitudes and left ventricular wall thickness was analyzed in the elderly men.Results Correlations were found between the amplitudes of the R waves in leads V5 ,V6, Ⅰ ,aVL[(1.1±0.7) mV, (0.95±0.6) mV, (0.44±0.3)mV and(0.35±0.3)mV] and left ventricular wall thickness[(13.6±5.4)mm;r=0.22,0.14,0.22,0.23,all P<0.05], and between the combination of QRS amplitudes SV1 +RV5 or RV6(1.9±1.2) mV] and left ventrieular wall thickness [(13.8± 5.4) mm; r = 0.23, P < 0.05].The correlationbetween the combination of QRS amplitudes (SV1 + RV5 or RV6 ) and left ventricular wall thickness was the strongest in 60-79 years old cases (r=0.48, P<0.01) ,and was decreased in 80-89 years old cases (r= 0.23, P<0.05).There was no correlation between the combination of QRS amplitudes (SV1+RV5or RV6) and left ventricular wall thickness in 90-101 years old cases (r= 0.03, P> 0.05).Conclusions Electrocardiogram is a reliable method for diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in elderly men aged < 90 years.

Objective To explore the relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in elderly men. Methods All BPH outpatients in Geriatric department of the second Xiang Ya Hospital in Feb 2008 were recruited in this study. Bioche assays including insulin (FINS), prostate specific antigen (PSA), HbAlc, fasting plasma glucose, 2 hours postprandial blood glucose were performed and HOMA-IR were calculated. The blood pressure, body weight, height and waist circumference were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Prostate volume (PV) was measured by abdominal ultrasound, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) was evaluated by International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and inquired about the history of LUTS in detail. Results (1) HOMA-IR＞ 2.8 was diagnosed as insulin resistance (IR). The patients were divided into two groups: insulin sensitivity (IS) group (n=48) and IR group (n=20). The PV level was higher in IR group than in IS group [(61.1-32. 9) ml vs. (40.4±16.5)ml, P＜0. 05], there were no statistical differences in PSA [(3.3±2.3) μg/L vs. (2.91±1.3) μg/L, P＞0.05], the history of LUTS [(13.4±6.6)years vs. (8.7±6.0)years, P＞0.05], IPSS [(16.42±6.67)scores vs. (13. 29±7.09)scores, P＞0. 05] between the two groups. (2)According to BPH progressivity evaluation provided by MTOPS study (age≥62 years, PSA≥1. 6 μg/L, PV≥31 ml), the patients were divided into two groups: low progressive risk group (n= 30) and high progressive risk group (n= 38). The FINS and HOMA-IR levels were significantly higher in highprogressive risk group than in low progressive risk group (all P＜0. 01). (3)The PV was positively correlated with HOMA-IR level and FINS level (r= 0. 431, 0. 492, P＜0. 01). Conclusions IR exists in majority of elderly BPH patients, the degree of IR and relative high level of FINS are related to the enlargement of PV and the development of BPH.

Forensic science is a cross discipline,involving both the subjects of natural sciences and the humanities & social sciences.It needs not only the application of forensic techniques and other theoretical results of natural sciences,but also be bounded by moral and ethical guidance.This paper discusses ethical issues involved in the teaching of forensic medicine in medical colleges,exploring the relationship between the teaching of forensic medicine and ethics,so as to promote the development of forensic science education.