Some specific markers are useful of separating and identifying gastric cancer stem cells.They are including gastric stem cells,general tumor stem cells and mesenchymal tissue stem cells.At present,more and more new biomarkers are discovered besides familiar CD133 and CD44.Combined detection helps to separate pure gastric cancer stem cells and promote the therapy of gastric cancer.

Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates exert antitumor activity through induction of apoptosis or inhibition of proliferation, invasion and migration in tumor cells, inhibition of angiogenesis and promotion of immune surveillance. Animal models show that bisphosphonates delay visceral metastasis progression. Both ABCSG-12 and ZOFAST trial have demonstrated that Zoledronate reduced breast cancer recurrence risks. Bisphosphonates are synergistic with a variety of chemotherapeutics, and sequential dosing is more effective, which may be attributable to increased uptake of bisphosphonates by tumor cells after pretreatment with chemotherapeutics. Metronomic administration of bisphophonates after chemotherapy provides bisphosphonates the promising antineoplatic potential.

Cancer stem cells(CSCs) are a group of tumor cells with stem cell-like properties such as infinite self-renewal and multi-differentiation potential. Accumulating evidence strongly indicates the presence of cancer stem cells in a variety of solid tumors. Although rare, CSCs play important roles in tumor initiation, progression, recurrence and metastasis. Research of gastric cancer stem cells is still in its infancy. Specific surface markers of gastric CSC are yet to be identified. Active researches are currently underway to investigate the existence and source of CSC in gastric cancer.

AlM: To study the correlation between and the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer ( RNFL ) thickness, structure changes in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( NPDR) and the the changes of visual function
METHODS:Eighty cases ( 80 eyes ) of patients with NPDR who were in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2013 as group NPDR, 60 cases of patients ( 60 eyes) without retinopathy who were in the hospital were selected as non-diabetic retinopathy group ( NRD) group, meanwhile, 50 healthy people who had health examination in our hospital as control group. The RNFL thickness and visual electrophysiological testing were performed on the study objects in the three groups, and the results were compared among groups.
RESULTS: Group NPDR's above, below, nasal, temporal and average RNFL thickness were 91. 52 ± 18. 52, 88.63±21. 65, 63. 62±11. 72, 60. 42±9. 13, 69. 36±12. 52μm, those of group NPDR were 111. 32 ± 21. 90, 113. 57 ± 22. 67, 74.31±11. 74, 67. 64±12. 34, and 97. 31±11. 43μm,those of group control were 121. 65±21. 42, 129. 32±23. 31, 82. 42±9. 28, 80. 32±8. 51, 102. 54±21. 82μm. To compare of average thickness of RNFL of three groups, groups NPDR and NPD were thinner than that of control group;To compare each quadrant phase, above, below, nasal, the RNFL thickness among three groups had statistical significance (P<0.05), while nasal sides had no obviously changes (P>0. 05);At the same time, 60′P100 latency (MS), 60′P100 amplitude ( V ) , 15′ P100 latency ( MS ) and 15′ P100 amplitude ( V) of three groups had statistical significance (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSlON: The changes of RNFL thickness have occurred in the early time of NPDR, and mainly the above, below and temporal , and it has a significant relevance with the changes of visual function.

Ischemia-reperfusion after neonatal asphyxia is a key factor in renal injury,which often can lead to apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells.Apoptosis is an important form of injury for renal tubular epithelial cells after asphyxia.Large number of cancer genes involve in regulation of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in the process of apoptosis.Bcl-2 protein which are expression products of Bcl-2 oncogene act on the mitochondrial pathway in apoptosis.Furthermore they can inhibit the caspase cascade of apoptosis via the cells "cross-talk",which contribute to attenuate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and improve renal function.

Transient receptor potential(TRP)channels as an important non-selective cation channels family mainly permeate Ca2 + ,Na + and other cations. TRPC channel is a subtribe of TRP family which regu-lates the second messenger of Ca2 + concentration and variety of protease activity,and which can directly or in-directly affect the biological behavior of cells. Recently,more and more evidences have certificated the TRPC channels affect the tumorigenesis and development,such as regulation of proliferation,differentiation,migra-tion,apoptosis and resistance of chemotherapeutic agents during cancer progression.

Inducible costimulatory molecule(ICOS)is a member of the CD28 family,which can be expressed on the tumor tissues and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. ICOS enhances its anti-tumor activity through participating in CD4 + T and CD8 + T cell immune response and enhancing the secretion of cyto-kines on the activated T cells and NK cells. While the curative effect of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated anti-gen-4(CTLA-4)monoclonal antibody is relevant with CD4 + T cells expressing ICOS,which suggesting ICOS may become a novel anti-tumor therapeutic target in the future.

[Objective] To research professor Yu’s experience in treating chronic cough of children.[Method] The paper expounds Professor Yu ’s experience in treating chronic cough of children by analyzing the etiology,pathology ,summarizing the clinical thoughts and citing some typical cases. [Result] The therapies of expel ing wind and activating blood circulation,strengthening body resistance and eliminating evil ,using both cold and warm are respectively effective in treating whoop,internal injury cough and pharyngitis. [Conclusion] When treating chronic cough of children, Professor Yu always gives consideration to the local environment,climate and the children ’s individual physique,takes care of both tip and root and makes use of simultaneous application of reducing and nourishing therapies,that has instructive significance.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the intervention effects of standardized pharmaceutical care on clinical treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)patients. METHODS:A total of 127 AECOPD patients were col-lected from respiratory medicine department of our hospital during Sept. 2014-Mar. 2015,and then divided into control group(63 cases)and observation group(64 cases)according to random number table. Control group only received traditional medical service and drug therapy. Observation group was additionally given standardized pharmaceutical care provided by clinical pharmacists ac-cording to AECOPD clinical pharmacy pathway on the basis of control group. The patients were followed up 1 month after dis-charge. The use of antibiotics during hospitalization,medication adherence,the occurrence of ADE,patient satisfaction and medica-tion bias during hospitalization and after discharge,the rates of ADR awareness and return visit after discharge were compared be-tween 2 groups. RESULTS:In both groups,1 patient withdrew from the study during hospitalitation;33 patients didn't complete return visit after discharge. During hospitalization,the rate of medication adherence and the total satisfaction of traditional medical procedures and medication guidance in observation group were significantly higher than control group;the utilization ratio of antibi-otics and combined use of antibiotics,AUD,the incidence of ADE,the proportion of medication bias were significantly lower than control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). After discharge,the rate of ADR awareness and the total satisfaction of medi-cation guidance in observation group were significantly higher than control group,and the incidence of ADR was significantly low-er than control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the rate of medication compli-ance,the rate of return visit,the proportion of medication bias between 2 groups after discharge(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The standardized pharmaceutical care can significantly improve medication compliance and satisfaction of inpatients,contribute to ratio-nal use of antibiotics,reduce the incidence of ADE and medication bias,but have no significant effect on medication compliance, the rate of return visit and medication bias of discharged patients.

Since Gibbon designed the first heart lung bypass machine in cats in 1937, Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has improved a great deal and has developed tremendously. But there are still many complications including hematologic, renal, cardiac, neurologic, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal dysfunctions associated with this brilliant technique. Research of the physiological and pathophysiological consequences of CPB has progressed with the aid of a number of investigative techniques and models, both animal and human. Large animal models have been, and remain, extremely valuable for the study of "full-scale" technologies, particularly prior to clinical application. However, the expenses are too large, and the managements of animals are too difficult in the perioprative period. A preclinical model of CPB for small animals is desirable. The main advantage of a rat model is the low costs of animals and equipment, and the convenience of research which does not require a full-scale operating environment, and a large availability of assays. It is very suitable to study the fluid dynamic, inflammatory, and organ system responses in which physiological mechanisms rather than the technology itself are the focus for investigation. Some of these researches has been done, therefore, in a truly clinically relevant model of bypass, one in which the surface area and priming volume of the circuitry, together with the surgical approach to the procedure, are matched with the clinical model, has not been achieved yet. We review the different models of CPB for rats, discuss their characteristics, give suggestions and requirements for a new up-to-date model that could be a useful tool in continued research on the pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies of CPB.