The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by various chromatographic techniques indluding silica gel, reverse phase silica gel, sephadex LH-20 and pre-HPLC and identified by their physicochemical properties and spectral data. Sixteen phenolic compounds had been isolated and n-butanol extracts which were fractionated from the ethanol extract of Oplopanax horridus roots bark. Their structures were identified as below, including 7 phenylpropanoid compounds, ferulic acid (1), 3-acetylcaffeic acid (2), caffeic acid (3), homovanillyl alcohol 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), 3-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), 3, 5-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), and 3-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7). Three coumarins, scopoletin (8), esculetin (9) and 3'-angeloyl-4'-acetyl-cis-knellactone (10). And 6 lignan compounds, (+)-isolaricires-inol-9'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (11), 3, 3'-dimethoxy-4, 9, 9'-trihydroxy-4', 7-epoxy-5', 8-lignan-4, 9-bis-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (12), (+)-5, 5'-dimethoxylariciresinol 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (13), (-)-5,5'-dimethoxylariciresinol 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (14), (-)-pinoresinol 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (15), and (+)-5, 5'-dimethoxylariciresinol 9'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (16). All compounds were isolated and identified for the first time from this plant All the constituents except compounds 4, 6, 12 and 13 were obtained for the first time from the genus Oplopanax.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Oplopanax ; chemistry ; Phenols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

The study was aimed to investigate the mechanism of cytotoxic effect of trichosanthin (TCS) on leukemia or lymphoma cell lines. Trypan blue exclusion was used to measure the effect of TCS on cell growth and flow cytometry was used to detect the effects of TCS on cell apoptosis and cell cycle. The results indicated that the TCS could inhibit proliferation of various leukemia/lymphoma cell lines at 12.5 microg/ml concentration, but the effect of TCS on T-lymphocyte and macrophage cell lines showed inducing cell apoptosis and the effect of TCS on B lymphocyte cell line showed inhibiting cell growth. Detection of the cell cycle revealed that TCS could arrest B lymphocytes at S phase, but not had this effect on T lymphocytes at the same condition. It is concluded that TCS can kill leukemia/lymphoma cells through different mechanisms such as inducing cell apoptosis or arresting cell cycle according to cell types.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Humans ; Leukemia ; pathology ; Lymphoma ; pathology ; Trichosanthin ; pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Aim To explore the influences of scutellarin on ATP-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis,using LPS-primed murine macrophages J774A.1 as an inflammatory cell model,and to explore the underlying mechanism.Methods The effects of scutellarin on ATP-induced pyroptosis in murine J774A.1 macrophages were analyzed by propidium iodide (PI) staining assay.The levels of IL-1β,caspase-1 and HMGB1 in cell lysates and culture supernatants were analysed using Western blot.The levels of IL-1β in cell culture supernatants were measured by cytometric beads array (CBA).Results ATP significantly induced caspase-1 activation and mature IL-1β and HMGB1 release into the culture supernatants in LPS-primed murine J774A.1 macrophages,and induced pyroptosis.Scutellarin treatment dose-dependently inhibited ATP-induced caspase-1 activation,mature IL-1β and HMGB1 release,and pyroptosis.Notably,scutellarin's inhibitory effects on ATP-induced pyroptosis were markedly reversed by the adenylate cyclase inhibitor MDL12330A and selective protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89.Conclusion Scutellarin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis by modulating the PKA activity in macrophages,thereby exhibiting anti-inflammatory activities.

Objective To investigate the risk factors predicting pathology grade upgrading after radical prostatectomy using the 2014 International Society of Urologic Pathology (ISUP) grading system.Methods A total of 205 patients who underwent biopsy and radical prostatectomy from January 2017 to December 2018 were reviewed retrospectively.The median and range of the patients' age,PSA level,prostate volume,number of biopsy core examined,Gleason score and ISUP grade were 66 (45-81) years old,17.16(0.89-1254.00)ng/ml,36.4(4.1-152.1) rnl,10(1-15),7(6-10),and 3(1-5) respectively.The patients were divided into group of upgrading ISUP grade and group without upgrading ISUP grade.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis and receiving operating characteristic curve analysis were performed to identify predictors of ISUP upgrading and determine the optimal cut off value respectively.Result The median and range of Gleason score and ISUP grade after radical prostatectomy were 7 (6-10),and 3 (1-5) respectively.The radical prostatectomy ISUP grade upgraded in 73 (35.6％) out of 205 cases when compared with biopsy ISUP grade.Radical prostatectomy ISUP grades were concordant in 91 cases (44.4％) and downgraded in 41 cases(20.0％).Of 101 with biopsy ISUP grades less than or equal to 2,the ISUP grade of radical prostatectomy upgraded in 58 cases (57.4％),while radical prostatectomy ISUP grade upgraded in only 18 (26.9％) of 67 patients with biopsy ISUP grades of 3 or 4.Biopsy ISUP grades represent an independent predictor for ISUP grade upgrading after radical prostatectomy (OR =0.496,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion Patients with biopsy ISUP grades less than or equal to 2 are at great risk of ISUP grade upgrading after radical prostatectomy.

OBJECTIVETo observe the efficacy of the combination of Qilin Pills and levofloxacin in the treatment of asthenospermia accompanied with accessory sex gland infection.

METHODSWe randomly assigned 80 asthenospermia patients with accessory sex gland infection to groups 1 and 2 of equal number, the former treated with Qilin Pills + levofloxacin, and the latter with levofloxacin only. Qilin Pills were administered at the dose of 6 g tid for 30 days, and levofloxacin at the dose of 0.5 g qd for 20 days. We obtained semen parameters, including the percentage of progressively motile sperm and peroxidase-positive white blood cell (WBC) count, before and after medication, and compared the clinical effects between the two groups.

RESULTSAll the patients accomplished the clinical trial. The therapeutic effectiveness rates in improving progressive sperm motility were 60% in group 1 and 17.5% in group 2, with statistically significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). As for the peroxidase-positive WBC count in semen, the effectiveness rates were 87.5% and 82.5%, respectively, with no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONFor the treatment of asthenospermia accompanied with accessory sex gland infection, Qilin Pills combined with levofloxacin is evidently better than levofloxacin alone in improving sperm motility, and it has no obvious adverse effects.

Adult ; Asthenozoospermia ; complications ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; drug therapy ; Levofloxacin ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Reproductive Tract Infections ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of tinnitus in Sichuan and Chongqing. Methods: We designed a tinnitus epidemiological questionnaire. The multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling methods was applied to obtain study subjects in six areas (Nanchong, Jiangjin, Fengdu, Yunyang, Suining and Ya'an), which were selected for epidemiological investigation. Home visit completion of epidemiological questionnaires was conducted. The trained investigators guided the respondents to fill in the tinnitus epidemiological questionnaires, and the epidemiological status of six areas on prevalence and risk factor was investigated. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: Sampling population were 10 289, in which 9 273 were valid questionnaires. There were 4 281 males and 4 992 females, with an average age of 47.3 years, among which 34.83% (3 230/9 273) had tinnitus. 3.99% (370/9 273) were diagnosed with bothersome tinnitus. In a multivariable logistic regression mod, the following factors were associated with onsetting of tinnitus: sleep disorder [Odds Ratio(OR)=3.74] and noise exposure(OR=1.99). The risk of disease was lowest in the age of 30-40 years old, while the risk of disease was higher for people under 30 and over 40. In another multivariable logistic regression mode, the following factors were associated with having bothersome tinnitus: older people were more likely to suffer from tinnitus, sleep disorders (OR=4.68) and noise exposure (OR=1.56). Conclusions: The prevalence of tinnitus in Sichuan and Chongqing is about 34.83%, but most of the tinnitus is short-lived and has low loudness, which will not affect the patients. Only a small number of patients with tinnitus (3.99%) persist and affect their health and need treatment. The occurrence and exacerbation of tinnitus may be related to sleep, age, and noise exposure.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tinnitus/epidemiology*