Objective To review the characteristics,mechanism,the brain structural and functional changes of cognitive impairment induced by sleep-disordered breathing in children.Methods The retrieve time was from 2002 to 2014 and the retrieve databases were the US.national library of medicine and Weipu Chinese journal databases.Search word included sleep disorders breathing, cognitive, sleep apnea syndrome, neurobehavioralmanifestations,image,sleep deprivation.Results 52 English literature and 1 Chinese literature were accepted.Most literatures were clinical trial, comparative study, multicenter study, randomized controlled trial, controlled clinical trial.Conclusion The study in the cognitive impairment and characteristics change of the brain function and structure in children with SDB is not enough.Most cognitive assessments are completed by scale.How to diagnosis early,more objectively assess cognitive, study molecular mechanisms, study function change and positioning of brain function need more research in clinical.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have potential to self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation. But after a long period of culture in vitro, the proliferation and differentiation capacities of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells gradual y loss, the mechanism underlying which is not clear now.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the expression of autophagy-related gene Beclin-1 in differentiation from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neuron-like cells in vitro.
METHODS:The changes of morphological characteristics of neuron-like cells differentiated from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by epidermal growth factor were observed. The expression of neuron-specific enolase and glial fibril ary acidic protein in treated and untreated human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were detected using immunocytochemistry. The Beclin-1 protein expressions were detected by western blot before and after induction.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After being induced, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells presented classical neuron-like morphology;the expressions of neuron-specific enolase and glial fibril ary acidic protein were 78.7%and 8.1%, respectively. The expression of Beclin-1 protein was changed correspondingly during the induction, which increased after 30 minutes of induction and decreased gradual y after 1 hour of induction. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells could be induced into neuron-like cells in vitro by epidermal growth factor. Autophagy-related gene was highly expressed in the induction of early differentiation and the expression gradual y reduced until it remained at a low level during the differentiation.

Objective To explore a kind of biomedical signal pattern (BSP) with a new method called as state representation methodology (SRM ) .Methods Based on the heart sound signals ,ECG signals ,breathing ,as the important research problem for BSP description ,with some comparisons on several traditional methods ,in which support vector machines (SVM ) and response sur-face methodology (RSM ) etc .,using frequency slice wavelet transform (FSWT ) method to extract the BSP signal dynamic damping characteristics ,thus ,this paper proposes a new idea of SRM analysis .In the case of heart sound signal analysis ,the general steps of SRM evaluation method is given .Results In 40 cases of normal heart sounds SRM model is set up ,with 80 cases of abnormal heart sounds are compared ,the obvious differences of the SRM state distributions of the two groups are found .Conclusion The combi-nation of SRM with FSWT can provide a novel approach for BSP analysis ,and provide powerful development tool for the analysis of BSP .

Objective:To analyze the high risk behaviors of HIV/AIDS and its influencing factors in men who have sex with man(MSM)in a city,so as to provide evidence for the targeted intervention.Methods:Between July 2006 and October 2006,1000 MSM were sampled by snowball sampling and had a face to face interview by well trained investigators with informed consent.Questions on age,education background,and sex orientation were designated and 3 ml blood samples were obtained for examination of HIV and syphilis.?2 test and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results:The average age of the 1 000 MSM was 27.8?9.1 years old.In the past 6 months,43.6% of them had 3 or more male sex partners,53.6% had unprotected anal intercourse with men,8.0% had commercial sex with men,and 24.3% had sex with women.Elder subjects had a higher ratio of unprotected anal intercourse and male-female sex;subjects with lower educational background had more sex partners and male-female sex.Subjects working in the bathhouse had a higher ratio of commercial sex and male-female sex.Subjects with a male-female sex orientation or undetermined sex orientation had a higher ratio of commercial sex.Syphilis was detected in 93(9.3%)subjects and HIV was detected in 104(10.4%)subjects;among them 18 subjects had both syphilis and HIV.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the aged(OR=3.5,95%CI 1.7-7.1),the number of male sex partners(OR=3.8,95%CI 1.9-7.6),the behavior of unprotected anal intercourse(OR=1.9,95%CI 1.0-3.5)and the infection of syphilis(OR=2.1,95%CI 1.4-3.4)were independently associated with the risk of HIV/AIDS prevalence;the knowledge of AIDS was the protective factor of HIV/AIDS prevalence(OR=0.5,95%CI 0.3-0.7).Conclusion:High risk behaviors of HIV exist in MSM population in the researched city;there is local epidemic of HIV.Interventions should be given according to age,educational background,sex orientation,etc.

Objective To investigate the influence of retinoic acid (RA) in differentiation,maturation and function of intestinal dendritic cells (DC),and probe into the effect of Vitamin A (VA) on intestinal mucosal immunity and pathway. Method Rat intestinal mucosa was cultured in vitro,supplemented with all-trans RA and/or retinoid acid receptor ? (RAR?) antagonist (Ro 41-5253). After cultured for 24h and 48h,the surface markers OX62、OX6 and CD86 on DCs were detected by flow cytometry,to observe the effect of RA on differentiation and maturation of DC. The cytokines and RAR? were measured in mRNA levels by RT-PCR to analyze the influence of RA on mucosal immunity and the pathway. Results RA promoted the maturation of DC in mucosa cultured in vitro,and up-regulated RAR? mRNA levels,the changes were marked at 24h. Moreover,when RA was present in the culture,IL-12 and IFN-? (Th1 cytokine) mRNA were reduced,and IL-10 was increased significantly compared with control . However,the actions of RA above can be inversed by Ro 41-5253. Conclusion The modulation of RA on DC could be one of the important mechanisms that VA influences intestinal mucosal immunity. RAR? participates in the regulation of RA on DC.

Objective To survey the high risk behavior and infection of HIV/AIDS among men who have sex with men(MSM)and provide scientific evidence for HIV/AIDS prevention and control.Methods MSM were sampled by snowball sampling method and were interviewed by well trained investigators face to face under the informed consent.Their venous blood samples were collected for HIV seropositivity rate.Results A total of 1000 MSM,averagely aged(27.8?9.1)years,were interviewed,among whom 43.9% perceive AIDS knowledge.78.6% had anal intercourse with male partners,31.8% of whom always used condom in the past 6 months.8.0% participants had commercial sex with men in the past 6 months.The prevalence of HIV in the surveyed subjects was 10.4%.Conclusion Potential risk of HIV epidemic threatens local MSM who spread the risk to general population.High risk behavior is ubiquitous among MSM.It is imperative to carry out targeted interventions among MSM.

Bluetooth is the most advanced wireless network technology with the characteristics of low cost,short distance and low power loss.It has taken the place of cable in the fast wireless connection of different equipments.In this paper,the wireless central monitor system with Bluetooth technology is studied.Its hardware circuit and software design are also put forward.

Objective: To investigate the influence of the expression of retinoic acid receptor genes on the development of B cells in lymph nodes of young children. Method: In situ hybridization was performed on the frozen section of lymph node of young children (≤age 5 ). Six digoxin labeled antisense RNA probes for retinoic acid receptors mRNA(RAR?、?、?、RXR?、?、?)were used. The expression and distribution of retinoic acid receptor genes in lymph nodes and their influence on the differentiation and maturation of B cell were observed. RT-fluorescent PCR was also used to observe the expression levels of retinoic acid receptor genes and their relation to the maturation of B cells. Results: In situ hybridization showed all the 6 retinoic acid receptor genes were expressed in lymphocytes and reticular cells of lymph node, and the distribution was widespread. RT fluorescent PCR also showed a varying expression of 6 retinoic acid receptor genes in lymph node among different age children, but lower in children younger than 1 year, and then increased gradually with the development of immune system. Conclusion: The expression and regulation of retinoic acid receptor genes may take part in the ontogenesis of B cells, and play a key role in the regulation of retinoic acid and enforce the anti-infective immunity in children.

Objective: To investigate the effect of retinoic acid on the differentiation and development of B lymphocytes, and explore the mechanism of vitaminA in increasing the production of antibodies. Method: In vitro cultured cells from children’s normal mesentery lymph nodes, before and after administration of retinoic acid or retinoic acid antagonist, the changes of cell surface markers were analyzed by flowcytometry to observe the differentiation and maturation of B cells. Results: During culture in vitro, the percent of mature CD19+IgM+ B cells increased and relatively immature CD19+IgM- B cells decreased gradually, and the changes were especially obvious at 48 h. The administration of retinoic acid further increased the percent of CD19+IgM+ B cells, and the enhancement was markedly at 24 and 48 h (P

China ; epidemiology ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Humans