Female ; Humans ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/therapy* ; Infertility, Female/therapy*

Adolescent ; Adrenergic beta-Agonists ; therapeutic use ; Albuterol ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Salmeterol Xinafoate

Along with the ongoing updates and diversity in ventilator design and application,new standards of classification are proposed.Overview and technical analysis are given in illustrations focusing on the working principles of ventilators,in particular the three key components of conduit system(mixer,flow valve and exhalation valve),to provide helpful information for engineers or clinicians in relation to the design,maintenance and usage.

BACKGROUND: The application of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)value to the diffusion-weighted image in the diagnosis of cerebral ischemic diseases is confirmed in clinic. The influence of different diffuse gradient direction in different lesions of human brain on diffusion-weighted image has become one of the focus researches of neuroradiology.OBJECTIVE: To explore the changing characters of the ADC value on diffusion weighted imaging with different diffuse gradient directions of human corpora striatum, parietal cortex and corona radiata.DESIGN: A sample survey.SETTING: Medical Imaging Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan Univeristy.PARTICIPANTS: Sixty healthy volunteers (37 males and 23 females)aged 18-65 years were selected from the Huaqiao Hospital affiliated to Jinan University between March 2000 and March 2001.METHODS: The 60 volunteers received brain diffusion-weighted MR imaging in different directions (left-right, anterior-posterior, upper-down),and the ADC values of corpus striatum, parietal cortex and corona radiata were measured.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The ADC values of corpus striatum,parietal cortex and corona radiata were measured in the 60 healthy volunteers.RESULTS: All the 60 healthy volunteers entered the analysis of results.There were no significant differences between the ADC value of corpus striatum and that of parietal cortex in different directions; the mean ADC values of corona radiata in left-right, anterior-posterior, upper-down axial were (5.0±0.5), (4.2±0.6), (15.2±1.4)×104 mrn2/s, and there were significant differences between the former two and the latter (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Diffuse gradient directions do not affect the ADC values of corpus striatum and parietal cortex, but the ADC value of corona radiata is different. We should delineate the diffusion direction if we want to do quantitative studies on the diffusion of corona radiata.

Adolescent ; Brain Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Endocrine System Diseases ; etiology ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; blood ; Humans ; Infant ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic stem cells can be differentiated into endocrine functioning cells under a suitable cultivation condition, suggesting that pancreatic stem cells can be used as a new source of islet in treating diabetes mellitus.OBJECTIVE: To discuss the expression of stem cell in different purities of pancreatic islets.DESING: A controlled observation based on cells.SETTING: Third People's Hospital of Mianyang City.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in the Center Laboratory (Key Laboratory of Chongqing City), the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from March 2005 to March 2006. Thirty healthy male SD rats, of clean grade, aged 50 days were used in this study. During the experiment, the disposal of animals corresponded to Animal Ethical Standard. Cytokeratin (CK)-19 and β-actin were designed by Shanghai Invitrogen Biological Co., Ltd.Brdu reagent, mouse anti-rat Brdu monoclonal antibody, rabbit anti-mouse (RAM) CK-19 polyclonal antibody and Brdu immunohistochemical kit were from Boster Co., Ltd. (Wuhan); HistostainTM -DS double immunohistochemical staining kit was purchased from Beijing Zhongshan Company.METHODS: Rats were intraperitoneally injected with Brdu for labeling, and subjected to perfusion with Ⅴ-type collagenase via pancreatic ducts, with pancreas being excised, ripped, beaten up, digested and centrifuged to obtain pancreatic islet sediments. After being precipitated, the sediments were divided into 3 groups. Group A: The isolated sediments of islets were not purified; Group B: The sediments were added slowly with 25% Ficoll-400 and Hanks solution for purification; Group C: The sediments were slowly added with 25% Ficoll-400, 11% Ficoll-400 for purification in order.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expressions of Brdu and CK-19-positive cells in the islet samples were detected by immunohistochemical method, and mRNA expression of CK-19 in the different purities of islets was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: ① The purity of islets in the group A was the lowest. The purity of islets obtained by different purification techniques showed significances among the three groups (F =89.42, P ＜ 0.05). ②Positive expressions of Brdu and CK-19 in the group A were significantly higher than those in the group B and group C (F =18.64, 22.12, 38.61. P ＜0.01). ③Expression of CK-19 mRNA in the group A was significantly higher than that in other groups, with group C showing the lowest.CONCLUSION: Expressions of Brdu and CK-19-positive cells exist in different purities of islets, suggesting the existence of more stem cells in the low purify of islets.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of a novel path of lymph node dissection combined with peripheral vascular occlusion for the treatment of gastric cancer in stage ⅢC.Methods The clinical data of 142 patients with gastric cancer in stage Ⅲ C who were admitted to the 175th Hospital of PLA from January 2006 to December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.Seventy patients received novel path of lymph node dissection combined with peripheral vascular occlusion (combined group) and 72 patients received simple lymph node dissection via the novel path (simple group).The positive rate of mRNA expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and the distal metastatic rate of tumor cells between the 2 groups were compared.Patients were followed up via outpatient examination,phone call and in-patient examination till January 2013.The measurement data and the enumeration data were analyzed using the t test and the chi-square test,respectively.Results The operation time,volume of blood loss and number of lymph nodes dissected were (184 ± 26) minutes,(282 ± 80) mL and 28 ± 5 in the combined group,(180 ± 28)minutes,(355 ± 85)mL and 27 ± 5 in the simple group,with no significant difference between the 2 groups (t =0.882,5.267,0.496,P ＞ 0.05).The positive rates of mRNA expression of CEA of the combined group and the simple group were 10.0％ (7/70) and 9.7％ (7/72),with no significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =0.003,P ＞ 0.05).The positive rates of mRNA expression of CEA after lymph node dissection of the combined group and the simple group were 2.9％ (2/70) and 16.7％ (12/72),with significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =8.240,P ＜ 0.05).The positive rates of mRNA expression of CEA after total gastrectomy of the combined group and the simple group were 4.3％ (3/70) and 4.2％ (3/72),with no significant difference between the 2 groups (x2=0.001,P ＞ 0.05).All patients were followed up at postoperative year 1,and 139 patients were followed up at postoperative year 3.The median time of follow-up was 33.5 month (range,12.0-42.0 month).The 1-year distal metastatic rate of the combined group and the simple group were 7.1％ (5/70) and 8.3％ (6/72),with no significant difference between the 2 groups (x2=0.070,P ＞0.05).The 3-year distal metastatic rate of the combined group and the simple group were 33.3％ (23/69) and 51.4％ (36/70),with significant difference between the 2 groups (x2=4.660,P ＜0.05).The distal metastatic rates of distal parenchymatous organs of the combined group and the simple group were 10.1％ (7/69) and 44.3％ (31/70),with significant difference between the 2 groups (x2=20.390,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Novel path of lymph node dissection combined with peripheral vascular occlusion can block the lymph node and blood backflow,and thus effectively reduces the distal metastatic rate of gastric cancer in stage ⅢC after operation.

Objective The extremely xerothermic environment of desert easily causes heatstroke and consequently multiple organ damage.Few reports are seen at home and abroad on heatstroke-induced lung injury associated with dry heat of desert.This stud-y explored the changes of the injured lungs in heatstroke rats in xerothermic desert. Methods Forty-eight male SD rats were ran-domly divided into six groups of equal number: mild, moderate and severe heatstroke groups and their corresponding controls.The rats of the three heatstroke groups were exposed to a temperature of 41 ℃and humidity of 10%, while those in the three corresponding control groups to a temperature of 25 ℃ and humidity of 35% for 70, 110 and 145 minutes, respectively.Then all the rats were sacrificed and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF) and lung tissues were collected for observation of pathological changes, obtainment of lung in-jury scores, calculation of the wet/dry weight ratio of the lungs, measurement of the total protein level in the BALF, and determination of the malondialdehyde ( MDA) content in the lung tissue. Results The mild, moderate and severe heatstroke groups showed re-markable increases compared with the three corresponding control groups in lung injury scores (3.25 ±0.50, 6.50 ±0.58 and 8 ± 0.82 vs 1.25 ±0.50, 1.00 ±0.00 and 1.25 ±0.50), the wet/dry weight ratio of the lungs (3.50 ±0.57, 4.85 ±0.19 and 4.10 ± 0.07 vs 1.78 ±0.66, 1.67 ±0.68 and 1.67 ±0.25), the total protein level in the BALF ([93.51 ±5.54], [141.24 ±6.07] and [160.76 ±6.74] μg/mL vs [42.6 ±8.67], [45.25 ±6.78] and [41.68 ±3.62] μg/mL), and the content of MDA in the lung tis-sue ([1.79 ±0.08], [2.79 ±0.11] and [3.52 ±0.36] nmol/mg prot vs [1.21 ±0.12], [1.20 ±0.12] and [1.28 ±0.19] nmol/mg prot) .The lung injury scores, the total protein level in the BALF, and the content of MDA in the lung tissue were increased with the prolonging of the time of exposure to dry heat, while the wet/dry weight ratio of the lungs was the highest in the moderate heat-stroke group.The lung injury scores were positively correlated with the wet/dry weight ratio of the lungs, the total protein level in the BALF, and the content of MDA in the lung tissue (P<0.01). Conclusion Heatstroke in the xerothermic environment of desert can cause lung injury in rats, which deteriorates with the prolonging of the time of exposure to dry heat.As for the management of such heatstroke, more attention should be paid to the protection against lung injury.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of metformin therapy on obese nondiabetic children with hyperinsulinemia.Methods Twenty-two obese nondiabetic children with hyperinsulinemia were divided into two groups:control group(dietary counseling and exercise) and treatment group(dietary counseling and exercise combined with metformin).The changes of body mass index(BMI),fasting glucose(FPG),fasting insulin(FINS),insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),2 h PG,2 h INS,total cholesterol(TC) and triglyceride(TG),before and after treatment were determined,and the findings were compared and analyzed.Results After treatment,there were significant differences in BMI,TC,FINS,HOMA-IR levels(P0.05),except the BMI(P