To cultivate talent of higher education is the education's purpose and foundation of development. Studying ethnomedicine's higher education and sorting out the skeleton could help to enrich the theory of the development of traditional ethnomedicine and offer thought and reference for educational career.

Objective To comprehensively evaluate the effect of health education on intervening iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) in Chinese pupils and housewives,and to provide a basis for prevention and intervention of the disease.Methods A computerized literature search was carried out in Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM),Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP,Wangfang and PubMed to collect articles published from 1997-2012 concerning the effect of education intervention on iodine deficiency disorders (IDD).The study was a self-controlled intervention study.Meta-analyses were performed to assess the knowledge on IDD prevention and behavior changes.Fixed and random effect models were employed to combine results after a heterogeneity test,and rate different(RD) was used as an indicator of the intervention effect.Results A total of 20 controlled before and after studies were included in our meta-analysis.The quality of individual studies was assessed by EPOC,and all studies were grade B.Because the heterogeneity was higher,each knowledge point was stratified analyzed according to the baseline rate.The results showed that the lower the baseline rate,the better the effect of the intervention.The analysis indicated that the RD for the main harm of IDD,the RD for the key measure to prevent IDD,the RD for the meaning of the pattern on the bags,and the RD for knowledge dissemination of IDD were increased by 35％,29％,27％,42％ and 47％,respectively.Conclusion Health education is helpful to Chinese pupils and housewives in improving their IDD related knowledge and their attitudes toward IDD.

Animals ; Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase ; metabolism ; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Objective To study the potential role of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induction in the development of mucosal barrier dysfunction in rats caused by acute intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, and to examine whether pretreatment with monoclonal antibody against TNF-α (TNF-α MoAb) would affect the release of D(-)-lactate after local gut ischemia followed by reperfusion. Methods Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats underwent superior mesenteric artery occlusion for 75 min followed by reperfusion for 6 hr. The rats were treated intravenously with either TNF-α MoAb (20 mg/kg) or albumin (20 mg/kg) 30 min prior to the onset of ischemia. Plasma D(-)-lactate levels were measured in both the portal and systemic blood by an enzymatic spectrophotometric assay. Intestinal TNF-αmRNA expression as well as protein levels were also measured at various intervals. In addition, a postmortem examination was performed together with a macropathological evaluation based on a four-grade scoring system.Results Intestinal ischemia resulted in a significant elevation in D(-)-lactate levels in the portal vein blood in both the control and treatment groups ( P ＜0.05). However, animals pretreated with TNF-α MoAb at 6 hr after reperfusion showed significant attenuation of an increase in both portal and systemic D(-)-lactate levels when compared with those only receiving albumin (P ＜ 0.05). In the control animals, a remarkable rise in intestinal TNF-α level was measured at 0.5 hr after clamp release ( P ＜ 0.01); however, prophylactic treatment with TNF-α MoAb completely annulled the increase of local TNF-α levels seen in the control animals. Similarly, after anti-TNF-α MoAb administration, intestinal TNF-α mRNA expression was markedly inhibited, which showed significant differences when compared with the control group at 0.5 hr, 2 hr and 6 hr after the release of occlusion ( P ＜ 0.05-0.01 ). In addition, the pathological examination showed marked intestinal lesions that formed during ischemia, which were much worse upon reperfusion,particularly at the 6 hr time point. These acute injuries were obviously attenuated in animals receiving TNF-α MoAb.Conclusions It appeared that acute intestinal ischemia was associated with failure of the mucosal barrier, resulting in increased plasma D(-)-lactate levels in both portal and systemic blood. These results suggest that TNF-α appears to be involved in the development of local damage associated with intestinal ischemic injury. Moreover, prophylactic treatment with TNF-α MoAb exerts preventive effects on ischemia/ reperfusion-induced circulating D (-)-lactate elevation and gut injury. ( J Geriatr Cardiol 2004;1(2):119-124. )

Objective:To evaluate of the feasibility of low-dose CT(LDCT)in the reconstruction of three-dimensional(3D)model of maxillofacial hard and soft tissues.Methods:Lightspeed 16-slice spiral CT scanner was used to scan one adult cadaveric head specimens with conventional parameters(280 mA)and low dose parameters(200,150,100,50,35,25,15 and 5 mA)respectively;the 3D model of the hard and soft tissues were reconstructed with Mimics 10.01 software,and 3D comparison were carried on with Geomagic 11.0 software.A comparison of the surface morphology of the hard and soft tissues of the 3D models with different scanning parameters was made.Results:With the reduction of the tube current,the model surface became rough gradually.Compared with the 280 mA scan results,the model surface produced by 35 mA scanning was still fairing,when the dose fell to less than 25 mA,the model surface became rough and the exact shape of the model could not be recognized.The same results of model surface were pro-duced after registration.Conclusion:The low-dose (35 mA)CT can be used to reconstruct 3D model of the maxillofacial hard and soft tissues.

This study was to build a canine portal hypertension model by intra-portal administration of high polymer material polyurethane and organic solvent tetrahydrofuran mixed solutions in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the model. Twelve local crossbreed dogs were selected randomly, with intra-portal administration of 8% (weight/volume) polyurethane- tetrahydrofuran solutions through an incision in the upper abdomen to build the portal hypertension model. We measured the portal vein pressure before modeling, during modeling, and four-, eight-, and twelve- weeks after modeling, respectively. Then we evaluated the effectiveness of the model comparing values of data with those data obtained before modeling started, which were regarded as the normal values. The results showed that the portal vein pressure rose by 2. 5 times after the solution administrated instantly as much as that before modeling, and maintained at 1. 5 times after 4 weeks. This method presents an easy operation, low animal mortality and reliable model of portal hypertension. Its less abdominal adhesions and its ability in keeping normal anatomic structure specially make it suit for surgical research of portal hypertension.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dogs ; Furans ; adverse effects ; Hypertension, Portal ; Polyurethanes ; adverse effects ; Portal Vein ; physiopathology

ObjectiveTo study the role of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) positive cells (pericytes)in early myocardial ischemia.MethodsThirty healthy female Wistar rats were randomly divided by body weight into normal control group and subcutaneous multi-point injection of isoprenaline(Isp) group.Five rats were anesthetized after 0,2,4,6,12,24 and 48 h in each group.Blood was taken in eyeballs and,serum was separated,heart was taken and fixed in 4％ paraformaldehyde solution.The myocardial enzymes [serum apartate aminotransferase ( AST ),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),creatine kinase (CK),creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB)] were determined by biochemical automatic analyzer,the expression of α-SMA and vimentin in myocardial tissue was detected by immunohistochemical staining and changes of pericytes in early myocardial ischemia was observed by morphometric analysis.ResultsThe level of myocardial enzymes AST[(160.25 ± 3.86),(172.60 ± 8.82),(192.20 ± 25.35)U/L],and LDH[(1466.25 ± 643.38),(1645.20 ± 326.83),(1701.60 ± 640.06)U/L],12,24 and 48 h after subcutaneous injection of Isp,were higher than that[(129.18 ± 19.65),(849.45 ± 248.54)U/L,all P ＜ 0.05] of the control group.The level of CK[(1097.60 ± 301.57),(1247.20 ± 243.84),(1263.75 ± 271.22),(1448.00 ± 647.00),(1268.40 ± 479.81)U/L],and CK-MB[(217.12 ± 35.89),(229.08 ± 97.11),(251.70 ± 46.82),(318.80 ±77.76),(249.04 ±:98.54)U/L],4,6,12,24 and 48 h after subcutaneous injection of Isp,were higher than that [(713.45 ± 146.30),(147.05 ± 25.75)U/L,all P ＜ 0.05] of the control group.The number of α-SMA positive cells(61.00 ± 17.25),4 h after Isp injection,was significantly increased compared with that(28.20 ± 5.81,18.20 ± 2.17) of 24 and 48 h after Isp injection.The number of α-SMA positive cells in 48 h group was less than that(50.00 ± 3.61,P ＜ 0.05) of 6 h group.The number of vimentin positive cells in 6,12,24,48 h groups (4.17 ± 2.49,5.24 ± 2.84,8.37 ± 2.18,7.73 ± 2.49) were higher than that(1.88 ± 1.85,2.21 ± 1.54) of the control group and 4 h group(all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with 24 and 48 h groups,the level of vimentin protein was increased in 6 and 12 h groups(P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionThe number of pericytes in early myocardial ischemia is higher than that of other mesenthymal cells,and pericytes may be the main effector cells in the generation and development of myocardial fibrosis.

Objective To report 11 cases with the tissue defects of their upper or lower limbs repaired with the anastomsed medial sural artery perforator flaps.Methods The free medial sural artery perforator flaps,with length of 8 cm to 15 cm and width of 6 cm to 14 cm were used for tissue defect reconstruction of the distal upper or lower limbs in 11 cases,including 6 females and 5 males.The flap was harvested from the ho- mo-lateral calf,confined between the posterior-medial edge of the tibia and the middle line of the calf and a- bove the distal half part of the medial sural muscle,with a same axis of this muscle.Results Ten cases survived very well,which was relatively thin,and the donor site can be acceptable.One case resulted in a complete flap necrotized and covered with a split skin graft.No obvious motor function defect was observed of the donor leg.Conclusion The anastomsed medial sural artery perforator flap is alternative donor flap for the upper or lower limb tissue defect repair,especially for the defect in the hand or foot.

Objective To identify the applicability of Traditional nutritional evaluation method,short-form mini-nutritional assessment (MNA-SF) and nutrition risk screening 2002 (NRS 2002) on screening malnutrition in elderly in-patients.Methods 100 elderly in-patients with malnutrition were screened by the above screening instruments.The evaluation effects of the 3 methods were compared by sensitivity,specificity and ROC curve.Results The detection rates of elderly in-patients with malnutrition by BMI,MNA-SF and NRS 2002 was 7％,58％ and 39％ respectively.Taking the human body measurement instrument as standard,the sensitivities of BMI,MNA-SF and NRS 2002 was 0.475,0.918 and 0.410respectively,the specificities was 0.615,0.103 and 0.641 respectively.3 tools series test sensitivity and specificities was 0.557 and 0.913 respectively,parallel test sensitivity and specificities was 0.929 and 0.435 respectively.Conclusions There is significant difference among the sensitivities of the 3 methods,NRS 2002 has the highest accuracy and is applicable to the screening of nutrition risks in elderly patients.Combined 3 kinds of tool can better improve the effect.

ObjectiveTo analyse the clinical characteristics of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) which coexists with extrapancreatic malignancy (EPM),with an aim to provide strategies for clinical diagnosis and treatment.MethodsThe PubMed was used to search for the pancreatic IPMN related articles with positive pathologic results.A pooled analysis was then performed.The ratio ofpancreatic IPMNs coexisting with EPMs and the locations (or the type) of EPMs were analyzed.ResultsAfter a strict process of screening,18 articles met the pre-determined standardsand were accepted.Of the 1327 patients,363 had coexisting EPMs (27.35％).There were 392 EPMs in these 363 patients.The EPMs occurred in almost all the systems of the body,especially in the digestive tract and its related organs,which accounted for 63.06％ of the EPMs. Conclusions There is a tendency for patients with pancreatic IPMN to have coexisting EPM. More than half of these EPMs are malignant tumors in the digestive system. When pancreatic IPMN is diagnosed,the clinician should be aware of the possible coexistence of an EPM and should look for the possibility of a new EPM developing in a patient after treatment of pancreatic IPMN.