The in-depth study on the law of drug pair compatibility and its mechanism has important scientific connotation for the clinical prescriptions and the improvement of curative effect. In recent years, many prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemic injury found that the rational use of Chinese materia medica pairs by optimizing the combination of Chinese medicine compound played a multi-target, multi-level role in the ischemic brain tissue of the neurovascular units, multi-channel regulation of the relevant signal pathways, which can significantly reduce the damage of ischemic penumbra brain tissue, relieve the inflammatory cascade and reperfusion injury caused by cerebral ischemia injury, promptly restore the blood flow in the brain and effectively protect the neurons, achieve “re-flow” and “brain protect” similar effects, and further promote the repair of nerve function.

Aqueous two phase system(ATPS) provides a gentle, non-denaturing separation environment for proteins, enzymes. While high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) is a liquid-liquid partition chromatography which uses centrifugal force to hold the stationary phase and facilities the mobile phase partitioning through the stationary phase, it can produce high separation efficiency with large sample loading capacity. However, the ordinary HSCCC apparatus (Type J ) fails to retention a satisfactory stationary phase of ATPS because of its high viscosity and low interfacial tension. Nevertheless, the later designed cross-axis planetary centrifuge system(X-CPC) can produce a greater lateral force field and enhances significantly the retention of the ATPS stationary phase. A review of the application of these CCC techniques with ATPS in the separation of proteins was given. Meanwhile, new techniques such as pH-peak focusing CCC and dye-ligand affinity CCC and some new CCC column design for improvement of separation efficiency and retention of ATPS stationary phase are introduced.

TCM syndrome differentiation system (TCM-SDS) possesses a complex nonlinear characteristic, which determines the falt that the evaluation of TCM efficacy should not be simplified to a causal or linear relationship. Previous selected indexes and methods for evaluating curative effect of Child's pneumonia have their limitations. This paper mainly introduces several thoughts and methods formed in the exploratory researches, employing data mining technology in this field. We believe that efficacy evaluation research of Child's pneumonia on the basis of standardized study of TCM-SDS is a scientific work. Applying data mining method in processing enormous and multilayer information of TCM differentiation has strong advantages in screening evaluating indexes of Child's pneumonia. Meanwhile, some major concerning technical categorizations and implementing strategies for the research are also introduced.
Algorithms ; Automatic Data Processing ; methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; standards ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Phytotherapy ; Pneumonia ; diagnosis ; drug therapy

?AlM: To analyze and study the changes of intraocular pressure ( lOP) , visual field and P-ERG on patients with big cup/disk (C/D) in 24h.
?METHODS: A total of 120 cases ( 240 eyes ) diagnosed with big C/D (C/D>0. 3) were divided into group A (C/D<0. 6, 67 cases, 114 eyes ) and group B ( C/D≥0. 6, 73 cases, 126 eyes). Forty cases (80 eyes) with small C/D (C/D≤0. 3) were chosen as control group. All cases underwent 24h lOP examination, vision examination of 30-2 SlTA - standard static threshold and pattern electroretinogram ( P-ERG) examination. The differences between the examination indexes of the three groups were analyzed.
?RESULTS:There was no significant statistical difference in the 24h average lOP (P>0. 05) among the three groups, while the amplitudes had significant statistical differences (P<0. 05). Compared with the control group, the lOP amplitudes of group B were obviously higher, and the difference was of statistical significance (P<0. 05). ln terms of static threshold visual fields, the mean deviations (MD) and pattern standard deviations (PSD) of the three groups had significant statistical differences ( P < 0. 05 ). Comparison between every two groups:compared with the control group, the MD and the PSD were significantly increased in group B, and the difference was of statistical significance (P<0. 05); while there was no significant statistical difference in group A (P>0. 05);Compared with group A, the MD and the PSD were significantly higher in group B, and the difference was of statistical significance (P<0. 05). ln terms of P-ERG examination, there was no significant statistical difference in P50’s latent periods among the three groups (P>0. 05), but there were significant statistical differences in amplitudes (P<0. 05). Comparison between every two groups: compared with the control group, the P50’s amplitude was significantly decreased in group B, and the difference was of statistical significance (P<0. 05), while there was no significant statistical difference in group A (P>0. 05); Compared with group A, the P50’s amplitude of group B was significantly lower, and the difference was of statistical significance (P<0. 05).
?CONCLUSlON: When the patients’ C/D is no less than 0. 6, there are obvious changes of 24h lOP, static threshold visual field and P-ERG’s P50 wave. For patients with big C/D, a single lOP examination is far from sufficient, so an in-depth visual function examination should be performed. Meanwhile, it’s feasible to regard C/D 0. 6 as a screening criterion for suspected glaucoma.

Ten isoflavonoids were isolated from the heartwoods of Caragana changduensis Lion f. by means of various column chromatographic techniques. Based on the detailed spectral data analysis (MS and NMR), as well as comparison with the literatures, their chemical structures were determined as 7,2'-dihydroxy-8,4'-dimethoxyisoflavone (1), 4'-hydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxyisoflavone (2), 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxy-2',5'-dimethoxyisoflavone (3), prunetin (4), afrormosin (5), odoratin (6), genistein (7), texasin (8), pratensein (9), and 6,7,3'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone (10). Among them, compounds 1-3 and 9-10 were isolated from the Caragana genus for the first time. All the compounds were obtained from this species for the first time. In the preliminary assays, compounds 1, 2, 6, and 7 possessed significant inhibitory effects on NO production, with IC50 values of 48.12, 25.32, 62.71, 43.59 μmol x L(-1), respectively.
Animals ; Caragana ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Isoflavones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Structure ; Nitric Oxide ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; RAW 264.7 Cells

BACKGROUNDB7-H3 has been widely studied in the context of tumor progression in recent years, and behaves as a tumor cell marker in a variety of tumors including colorectal carcinoma. The mechanism of B7-H3 in tumor progression is complicated and not clear yet. Studies have revealed that B7 family molecules are expressed on infiltrated lymphocytes as well as tumor cells in tumor microenvironment, which indicates that different expression pattern may lead to different clinical outcomes.

METHODSThe expression of B7-H3 was detected in tissues of 98 colorectal carcinoma patients by using immunohistochemistry. Then the expression of B7-H3 on CD3(+) T lymphocytes isolated from fresh cancer tissues of 12 colorectal carcinoma patients was analyzed by flow cytometry assay. The relationship between the expression of B7-H3 on CD3(+) T lymphocytes and patients' clinical pathological parameters was demonstrated with statistical analysis.

RESULTSPatients with more CD3(+) T cell infiltration survived much longer than patients with less CD3(+) T cell infiltration (P < 0.05); B7-H3 was highly expressed by infiltrating CD3(+) T lymphocytes in colorectal carcinoma tissues. The expression of B7-H3 was found to be significantly related with lymph node metastasis status (P < 0.05), but not with the patient's gender, age, tumor size, differentiation degree, depth of tumor invasion, Dukes' stage, distant metastasis and whether or not mucinous adenocarcinoma was present (P > 0.05). Moreover, the survival time of patients with low expression of B7-H3 was obviously longer than those of high B7-H3 expression patients, but the seven-year survival rate showed no difference between the high and low B7-H3 expression patients (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe negative costimulatory molecule B7-H3 on infiltrating CD3(+) T lymphocytes in colorectal carcinoma bears importance in the clinical pathological progress and prognosis of colorectal carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; B7 Antigens ; analysis ; CD3 Complex ; analysis ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; immunology ; mortality ; pathology ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Survival Rate ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology

Notopterygium incisum is the important medicinal materials of the Tibetan-Qiang medical system in China, also one of the rare and endangered medicinal materials in the Plateau areas in the meantime. Taking the planting of in Sichuan province as an example, research on the N. incisum in Sichuan utilize remote sensing and GIS techniques, bind growth environment factor, including height factor, average annual precipitation, average annual temperature, forest information, were chosen according to habitat conditions. And combine field measurement to verify. The results indicate that N. incisum resources in Sichuan province were mainly distributed in the alpine valley and the northwest of the plateau, which suitability distribution areas of 4145 km2 approximately and accounting for 2% of the total area. Suitability areas accounting for more than 2% of the respective total area in Heishui county, Lixian county, Xiaojin county, Kangding county, ect. According to the field investigation and the related document information record, drawn that the suitability distribution based on RS and GIS were corresponded with the actual distribution areas of N. incisum resources. It's feasible to divide the suitability distribution area of N. incisum using RS and GIS, which will provide a scientific basis for a comprehensive investigation of the distribution as well as its rational exploitation and protection.
Apiaceae ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Geographic Information Systems ; Telemetry

BACKGROUNDPathophysiological processes, such as malignancy, can lead to the formation of stiffer tissue in lung cancers. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) elastography is a novel technique for measuring tissue stiffness during EBUS-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). The current study was conducted to investigate the diagnostic value of EBUS elastography for mediastinal and hilar lymph node metastasis in lung cancers.

METHODSFrom January 2014 to January 2015, 40 patients suspected of lung cancer were enrolled, and a total of 68 lymph nodes were evaluated by EBUS-TBNA. EBUS-guided elastography of lymph nodes was performed prior to EBUS-TBNA. Standard EBUS characteristics were also described. Pathological determination of malignant or benign lymph nodes was used as the gold standard for this study. If EBUS-TBNA did not result in a formal pathological diagnosis of malignancy, patients were referred for a surgical procedure. Comparisons of elastography and standard EBUS characteristics were made between benign and malignant lymph nodes.

RESULTSElastography grading scores and strain ratios showed significant differences between benign and malignant lymph nodes (P = 0.000). The elastography strain ratio was more sensitive and specific for determining malignant lymph nodes than elastography grading score or standard EBUS criteria. The receiver operating characteristic curve for the elastography strain ratio showed an area under the curve of 0.933. The best cut-off point of the strain ratio for differentiating malignant from benign lymph nodes was 32.07. The elastography strain ratio had a sensitivity of 88.1%, the specificity of 80.8%, positive predictive value of 88.1%, and negative predictive value of 80.8% for distinguishing malignant from benign nodes. The overall accuracy of elastography strain ratio was 85.3%. The strain ratio of malignant and benign lymph nodes positively correlated with the elastography grading score (r = 0.561, P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONSEBUS elastography can be effectively used to predict mediastinal and hilar lymph node metastases in lung cancer. This noninvasive technique may thus complement standard EBUS and help guide EBUS-TBNA procedures.

Aged ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; methods ; Endosonography ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Male ; Mediastinum ; pathology ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVESevere and persistent hypoglycemia often leads to brain damage in neonatal period although precise definition of hypoglycemia remains controversial. Little is known whether hypoglycemic brain damage happens to the neonates with hypoglycemic symptoms in early neonatal period and no criteria to diagnose the hypoglycemic brain damage are available. The present study aimed to characterize the clinical symptoms and brain damage by MRI diffusion-weighed imaging in the newborn infants with severe hypoglycemia in order to demonstrate the early findings of their brain damage.

METHODSThe 6 newborn infants with severe hypoglycemia (whole blood glucose ranging from 0.48 to 1.7 mmol/L) were enrolled in this study, 3 of them were premature infants, 2 were small-for-gestational age infants and 1 was an infant born to a diabetic mother. These infants had a gestational age from 35 to 40 weeks and birth weight from 1545 g to 3900 g. They had no history of perinatal asphyxia, findings indicating sepsis, intracranial infection, inborn error of metabolism or endocrine disorders. They received MRI scans from 24 hours to 48 hours after admission with the sequences of T1WI, T2WI and DWI. The parameters for T1WI of FFE CLEAR were TR/TE 126 ms/2.3 ms, Flip 80; for T2WI of TSE SENSE TR/TE 1856 - 3238 ms/80 - 100 ms, TSE Factor 15. The parameters for DWI were TR/TE 2463 ms/48 ms, EPI factor 45 and b value of 1000, respectively. Two radiologists who knew nothing of the patients' history judged the scanned results.

RESULTSThe 6 newborn infants with severe hypoglycemia showed apparent symptoms and signs indicating dysfunction of central nervous system. Repeated seizures, lethargy and apnea were the most common manifestations. Moreover, seizures recurred in 4 newborns when their blood glucoses remained in normal rage. The main types of seizure were focal and multifocal myoclonus. Intermittent widespread low voltage was seen in 2 cases by 24 hour-EEG. The first time of hypoglycemia was detected from 6 hours to 53 hours after birth in 5 cases, but 12 days in one case, the minimum mean value of blood glucose was 1.05 +/- 0.44 (0.48 - 1.70) mmol/L and repeated hypoglycemia persisted for 47.3 +/- 38.8 (4 - 96) hours. The first MRI scan was accomplished from 2 days to 5 days of life, except for one at 15 days of age. The occipital cortex and white matter were involved most frequently in all cases, but parietal region was involved in 3 cases. Occipital and/or parietal regions showed hyperintensive signals indicating "water restriction (cytotoxic edema)" on DWI for 6 cases at first scan; meanwhile hypointensity on T1WI and hyperintensity on T2WI were seen in 4 cases and one case respectively, the involved area became swollen that the occipital or parietal cortex indistinguishable from subcortical white matter. Three cases received the second scan at about two weeks of age. Hypointensity on T1WI and hyperintensity on T2WI were demonstrated in all, but hypointensity on DWI in one case only and normal signals on DWI in the others. One case was followed-up at 3 month of age, he developed normally, but delayed myelination was found on posterior limb of internal capsule and optic radiation without occipital and parietal cerebral atrophy.

CONCLUSIONSCerebral occipital and parietal regions are the most vulnerable in severe hypoglycemic condition, changes of which could appear earlier on DWI than on T1WI and T2WI. But the relationship between the early findings on MRI DWI and prognosis remains to be studied further.

Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Brain Injuries ; blood ; etiology ; pathology ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; blood ; complications ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; blood ; Infant, Newborn ; blood ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Nervous System Diseases ; blood

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between clinical and imaging features in neonates with hypoglycemic brain injury.

METHODSSixteen neonates with hypoglycemic brain injury received a MRI scan with the sequences of T1WI, T2WI and DWI within 48 hrs after admission. Of the 16 patients, 11 received second MRI scan at two weeks of their lives, and 3 received a third scan at ages of 1-5 months.

RESULTSRepeated seizures, lethargy and hypotonia were common clinical manifestations. Five severe hypoglycemia cases presented coma, respiratory failure and even cardiorespiratory arrest. The minimum mean value of whole blood glucose (WBG) in the 16 patients was 0.98+/-0.43 mmol/L, and that of the 5 severe cases was 0.72+/-0.42 mmol/L. EEG showed intermittent low voltage in the mild hypoglycemia cases. Flatten pattern and even electrocerebral silence was noted in the severe cases. Occipital and parietal cortexes (OPC) injuries were found in all of the 16 patients and 2 patients had concurrent periventricular white matter injury. A widespread involvement of cortex was found in the 5 severe hypoglycemia cases in which 1 showed widespread involvement of white matter, and 2 showed involvement of basal ganglia and thalamus. The 5 patients with widespread cortex injury and the 2 patients with OPC and periventricular white matter injury showed lower minimum WBG levels compared with those with OPC alone (0.71+/-0.35 mmol/L vs 1.19+/-0.42 mmol/L; t= 2.4124, P<0.05). The appearance of high-intensity signals on DWI was shown as early changes of signals in all of the 16 patients. The second MRI scan for 7 patients with OPC showed abnormal signals on T1WI and T2WI in 5 patients and abnormal signals on DWI in 3 cases. Cerebral atrophy and multicystic encephalomalacia were found in four patients with widespread involvement of cortex on DWI. In the follow-up one patient with OPC presented delayed myelination and one with concurrent white matter injury showed spastic diplegia. One patient with widespread involvement of cortex showed diffused encephalomalacia.

CONCLUSIONSThe severity of hypoglycemic brain injury demonstrated by serial MRIs relates to the severity of hypoglycemia. The occipital and parietal areas are the most vulnerable following hypoglycemia in neonates. Severe hypoglycemic brain injury manifests as a widespread involvement of cortex, or combined with white matter, or basal ganglia and thalamus. DWI can show early hypoglycemic brain injury.

Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Brain ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; complications ; pathology ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male