Objective To construct a predictive model for the survival of transplant kidneys after kidney transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 366 kidney transplant recipients and donors were retrospectively analyzed, and the recipients were divided into low-risk group (n=101), medium-risk group (n=189), and high-risk group (n=76) based on the kidney donor profile index (KDPI). Each group was further divided into Remuzzi score ≤3 group and Remuzzi score >3 group based on time-zero biopsy Remuzzi scores. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival of transplant kidneys. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors affecting long-term survival after kidney transplantation. A predictive model for transplant kidney survival was established and a nomogram was drawn. The predictive performance of the model was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC). Results The median KDPI was 65%, and the median Remuzzi score was 3. The 5-year survival rate of transplant kidneys was 83.5%. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that in the KDPI medium-risk and KDPI high-risk groups, the subgroup with lower Remuzzi score had a higher survival rates of transplant kidneys than the subgroup with higher Remuzzi score. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that KDPI, Remuzzi score, and donor’s age were independent risk factors for transplant kidney loss (all P<0.05). The ROC curve showed that the AUC of the nomogram prediction model established based on independent risk factors for the 1, 3 and 5-year survival rates of transplant kidneys were 0.91, 0.93 and 0.94 for the training set, and 0.89, 0.85 and 0.88 for the validation set. Calibration curves shows good consistency between the training and validation sets of the model. Conclusions The nomogram predictive model based on KDPI, time-zero biopsy Remuzzi score and donor’s age has good predictive value for transplant kidney survival.

ObjectiveTo explore the effectiveness of health information dissemination and its influencing factors using the "Shanghai CDC" WeChat public account as a case study, providing references for public health institutions to optimize the use of official new media platforms for effective publicity. MethodsA total of 1 030 headline articles published on the "Shanghai CDC" WeChat public account between 2016 and 2019 were analyzed using content analysis and non-parametric tests to examine the impact of factors such as titles and content categories. ResultsFrom 2016 to 2019, the number of WeChat public account followers increased by 280 000, with the articles accumulating over 8.8 million views. The median (P₂₅, P₇₅) open rate of articles was 5.90% (3.69%, 10.31%), and the median (P₂₅, P₇₅) sharing and forwarding rate was 6.60% (4.25%, 9.17%). Factors such as the use of first- and second-person pronouns, degree adverbs, negative adverbs, explicit viewpoints, and title length all significantly affected the open rate of articles, with OR (95%CI) values of 0.175 (0.041‒0.756), 32.606 (2.350‒452.432), 4.079 (1.093‒15.230), 0.106 (0.028‒0.409), and 1.184 (1.063‒1.319),respectively (all P<0.05). In terms of content, statistical significant differences in dissemination effectiveness were observed across article categories and themes (P<0.05). In terms of article categories, articles related to news hotspots and service information had higher open rates of 9.58% and 14.00%, respectively. These two types of articles also obtained higher sharing and forwarding rates of 7.65% and 9.16%, respectively. In terms of article topics, compared with healthy life and health products, among the top four topics in terms of publication volume, the open rates of articles about infectious diseases and disease-causing biology and immunization programs were higher, accounting for 7.88% and 6.88%, respectively, with no significant difference in sharing and forwarding rates. ConclusionThe "Shanghai CDC" WeChat public account demonstrated good dissemination effectiveness. Enhancing article titles by increasing informational content and degree adverbs (e.g., "highly," "most," and "extremely") and negative adverbs (e.g., "no") can improve dissemination reach. Public health WeChat accounts should incorporate news hotspots or service information in their articles. While maintaining their strengths in disseminating knowledge on infectious diseases and immunization programs, they should also enhance public education in other professional fields within their scope of responsibility to improve the overall dissemination impact of health information.

Objective: To investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practice related to salt reduction among residents in Xicheng District, Beijing Municipality, and to analyze the influencing factors of salt reduction practice, so as to provide the evidence for formulating salt reduction strategies. Methods: In July 2023, permanent residents aged 18-79 years in Xicheng District were selected using the multistage stratified random sampling method and probability proportionate to size sampling method. Data on demographic information, history of chronic diseases, salt intake, as well as knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding salt reduction were collected through questionnaire surveys. The residents' salt intake excess rate, salt reduction awareness rate, salt reduction attitudes support rate, and salt reduction practice rate were analyzed. The influencing factors of salt reduction practice were analyzed by a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 6 360 questionnaires were allocated, and 6 211 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 97.66%. Among the respondents, 3 022 (48.66%) were males and 3 189 (51.34%) were females, with a mean age of (46.80±15.10) years. Excessive salt intake was identified in 2 111 individuals, with an excess rate of 33.99%. Knowledge awareness of salt reduction was observed in 4 187 participants, with an awareness rate of 67.41%. Supportive attitudes were reported by 5 636 participants, with a support rate of 90.74%. And salt reduction practices were adopted by 3 152 participants, with a practice rate of 50.75%. The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that female (OR=1.397, 95%CI: 1.257-1.553), aged 40-79 years (40-<60 years, OR=1.290, 95%CI: 1.141-1.459; 60-79 years, OR=1.301, 95%CI: 1.114-1.519, having chronic diseases (OR=1.826, 95%CI: 1.582-2.108), awareness of salt reduction (OR=1.695, 95%CI: 1.511-1.901), and a supportive attitude towards salt reduction (OR=6.235, 95%CI: 4.900-7.933) were promoting factors for residents' salt reduction practice. Conclusions Residents in Xicheng District demonstrated high awareness and supportive attitudes regarding salt reduction, yet the actual practice rate was relatively low. Factors influencing salt reduction practice included gender, age, chronic disease, salt reduction knowledge and attitude.

Objective:To report the results of national surveillance on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical Gram-negative bacteria isolates from bloodstream infections in China in 2022.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria from blood cultures in member hospitals of national bloodstream infection Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System（BRICS）were collected during January 2022 to December 2022. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 software were used to analyze the data.Results:During the study period，9 035 strains of Gram-negative bacteria were collected from 51 hospitals，of which 7 895（87.4%）were Enterobacteriaceae and 1 140（12.6%）were non-fermenting bacteria. The top 5 bacterial species were Escherichia coli（ n=4 510，49.9%）， Klebsiella pneumoniae（ n=2 340，25.9%）， Pseudomonas aeruginosa（ n=534，5.9%）， Acinetobacter baumannii complex（ n=405，4.5%）and Enterobacter cloacae（ n=327，3.6%）. The ESBLs-producing rates in Escherichia coli， Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus spp. were 47.1%（2 095/4 452），21.0%（427/2 033）and 41.1%（58/141），respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli（CREC）and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae（CRKP）were 1.3%（58/4 510）and 13.1%（307/2 340）；62.1%（36/58）and 9.8%（30/307）of CREC and CRKP were resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam combination，respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii（CRAB）complex was 59.5%（241/405），while less than 5% of Acinetobacter baumannii complex was resistant to tigecycline and polymyxin B. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa（CRPA）was 18.4%（98/534）. There were differences in the composition ratio of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections and the prevalence of main Gram-negative bacteria resistance among different regions，with statistically significant differences in the prevalence of CRKP and CRPA（ χ2=20.489 and 20.252， P<0.001）. The prevalence of CREC，CRKP，CRPA，CRAB，ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were higher in provinicial hospitals than those in municipal hospitals（ χ2=11.953，81.183，10.404，5.915，12.415 and 6.459， P<0.01 or <0.05），while the prevalence of CRPA was higher in economically developed regions（per capita GDP ≥ 92 059 Yuan）than that in economically less-developed regions（per capita GDP <92 059 Yuan）（ χ2=6.240， P=0.012）. Conclusions:The proportion of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections shows an increasing trend，and Escherichia coli is ranked in the top，while the trend of CRKP decreases continuously with time. Decreasing trends are noted in ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Low prevalence of carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli and high prevalence in CRAB complex have been observed. The composition ratio and antibacterial spectrum of bloodstream infections in different regions of China are slightly different，and the proportion of main drug resistant bacteria in provincial hospitals is higher than those in municipal hospitals.

Objective To investigate the correlation between angiopoietin-2(Ang-2)and intestinal fatty acid binding protein(I-FABP)levels and the prognosis of acute myocardial infarction(AMI)with cardiac shock(CS).Methods A total of 198 patients with AMI admitted to Huzhou Central Hospital from July 2017 to July 2019 were selected as study objects,and were divided into CS group(n=93)and non-CS group(n=105)according to whether CS occurred during the hospital period,and 65 normal volunteers admitted for physical examination during the same period were included in control group.Patients in CS group were divided into survival group(n=50)and death group(n=43)according to their survival at 28 days.Serum Ang-2 and I-FABP levels of all subjects were detected,and Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting the poor prognosis of AMI with CS.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of Ang-2 and I-FABP in AMI with CS.Results Serum Ang-2 and I-FABP levels in CS group were significantly higher than those in non-CS group and control group(P<0.05),and serum Ang-2 and I-FABP levels in non-CS group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05).Serum Ang-2,I-FABP levels and proportion of diabetes in death group were significantly higher than those in survival group(P<0.05).Cox regression analysis showed that diabetes,Ang-2 and I-FABP levels were independent factors affecting the prognosis of AMI with CS(P<0.05).ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of Ang-2 and I-FABP combined to predict the prognosis of AMI with CS was 0.819,sensitivity was 81.4%,specificity was 80.0%.Conclusion Serum Ang-2 and I-FABP levels were elevated in patients with AMI with CS,which were potential biological indicators to predict the prognosis of patients.

ObjectiveTo explore the exposure-lag-response relationship between temperature and risk of varicella incidence，and to provide a scientific evidence for early warning and precise prevention and control of varicella epidemic. MethodsDaily varicella cases and daily meteorological data were collected in Minhang District， Shanghai from 2010 to 2022. A distributed lag nonlinear model was used to determine the exposure-lag-response relationship between temperature and risk of varicella incidence. Furthermore， effect of temperature on the incidence risk was determined across different age groups. ResultsIn 2010‒2022， the total number of notified varicella cases was 26 207 in Minhang District， with the highest incidence in the group aged 3‒14 years （50.35%）. The seasonal pattern of daily varicella cases showed a double peak. The large peak was found in November and December， followed by a smaller peak in May and June. Moreover， the distributed lag nonlinear model showed a unimodal curve in the relationship between temperature and varicella incidence. The RR value reached its maximum peak of 1.90 （95%CI： 1.25‒2.87） at 7 ℃. A reverse U-shape was found in the lag-response curves between temperature and varicella incidence. Furthermore， the effect of temperature on the varicella incidence showed a unimodal pattern in the varicella cases aged 3‒14 years. The RR value reached its peak at 11 ℃ （RR=2.89， 95%CI： 1.33‒6.24）. In contrast， the effect of temperature on the varicella incidence in the cases aged 15 years and above showed a unimodal pattern， with RR value reaching the peak at 5 ℃ （RR=2.14， 95%CI： 1.33‒3.44）. ConclusionThe unimodal curve is found in the relationship between temperature and varicella incidence. Low temperature is associated with increased risk of varicella incidence. Children aged 3‒14 years are more susceptible to the effect of temperature on the varicella incidence.

ObjectiveDetection and quantification of RNA synthesis in cells is a widely used technique for monitoring cell viability, health, and metabolic rate.After exposure to environmental stimuli, both the internal reference gene and target gene would be degraded. As a result, it is imperative to consider the accurate capture of nascent RNA and the detection of transcriptional levels of RNA following environmental stimulation. This study aims to create a Click Chemistry method that utilizes its property to capture nascent RNA from total RNA that was stimulated by the environment. MethodsThe new RNA was labeled with 5-ethyluridine (5-EU) instead of uracil, and the azido-biotin medium ligand was connected to the magnetic sphere using a combination of “Click Chemistry” and magnetic bead screening. Then the new RNA was captured and the transcription rate of 16S rRNA was detected by fluorescence molecular beacon (M.B.) and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). ResultsThe bacterial nascent RNA captured by “Click Chemistry” screening can be used as a reverse transcription template to form cDNA. Combined with the fluorescent molecular beacon M.B.1, the synthesis rate of rRNA at 37℃ is 1.2 times higher than that at 15℃. The 16S rRNA gene and cspI gene can be detected by fluorescent quantitative PCR,it was found that the measured relative gene expression changes were significantly enhanced at 25℃ and 16℃ when analyzed with nascent RNA rather than total RNA, enabling accurate detection of RNA transcription rates. ConclusionCompared to other article reported experimental methods that utilize screening magnetic columns, the technical scheme employed in this study is more suitable for bacteria, and the operation steps are simple and easy to implement, making it an effective RNA capture method for researchers.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of thyme herbal tea （BLX） on the proliferation of human coronavirus OC43 （HCoV-OC43） in vitro and in vivo. MethodThe chemical composition of BLX was analyzed by UPLC-MS. The cytotoxicity of BLX in HRT-18 cells and the effect of BLX treatment on the proliferation of HCoV-OC43 in cells were analyzed. Copies of viral gene were detected by real-time PCR. The effect of BLX treatment on the life cycle of HCoV-OC43 was detected by time-of-addition assay. The maximum tolerated dose of BLX and the influences of BLX on the body weight and survival time of suckling mice infected with HCoV-OC43 were determined. The expression of viral protein in the brain and lung tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. ResultThere were 11 chemical components identified in BLX by UPLC-MS. BLX showed the 50% cytotoxic concentration （CC₅₀） of （13 859.56±319） mg·L^-1， the median inhibitory concentration （IC₅₀） of （1 439.09±200） mg·L^-1， and the selection index of 8.26-11.44 for HCoV-OC43 in HRT-18 cells. Compared with the cells infected with HCoV-OC43， BLX at the concentrations of 1 500， 1 000， 500 mg·L^-1 inhibited the proliferation of this virus （P<0.05， P<0.01）. BLX exhibited antiviral effect in the early stage of virus infection， and the inhibition role in the attachment stage was more significant than that in the entry stage （P<0.05）. In the suckling mice infected with HCoV-OC43， BLX at 1200 and 600 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 alleviated the symptoms， prolonged the survival period， reduced the death rate， and down-regulated the mRNA level of nucleocapsid protein in the mice. Moreover， BLX at 1 200 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 down-regulated the expression of nucleocapsid protein in the brain （P<0.01） and the lung （P<0.01）. ConclusionBLX contained multiple antiviral ingredients. It inhibited the proliferation of HCoV-OC43 both in vitro and in vivo by interference with viral attachment. This study provides theoretical reference for the treatment of acute respiratory tract infection with HCoV-OC43 and for further development and application of BLX.

OBJECTIVE To explore the safety， effectiveness， and cost-effectiveness of elderly patients with sarcopenia receiving Shenling baizhu powder combined with nutrition and exercise intervention， providing a reference for rational clinical drug use. METHODS A total of 237 elderly sarcopenia patients were randomly assigned to an observation group （118 cases） and a control group （119 cases）. Both groups of patients received nutrition and exercise intervention； the observation group added Shenling baizhu powder （6 g each time， three times daily） on this basis. The safety， effectiveness， and cost-effectiveness of the two plans were compared after 3 months. RESULTS Both groups of patients completed the follow-up. Before intervention， no significant difference was observed in skeletal muscle index （SMI）， grip strength， and 6-minute walk test （6MWT） speed between the two groups （P＞0.05）. After intervention， the grip strength of the patients in the observation group was significantly greater than that of the control group （25.05 kg vs. 23.18 kg， P＜0.01）； the treatment response rate of sarcopenia， SMI， and 6MWT speed were higher than those of the control group， butthe differences were not statistically significant （P＞0.05）. The adverse reaction/event rate of the patients in the observation group was lower than that of the control group （14.41% vs. 16.81%， P＝0.611）， but the difference was not statistically significant. Compared with the control group’s plan， the cost of the observation group’s plan was higher （981.25 yuan vs. 913.94 yuan）， and the effect was better （effectiveness rate： 0.618 6 vs. 0.563 0）， with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 1 210.61 yuan. The results of the sensitivity analysis were consistent with the cost-effectiveness analysis results. CONCLUSION Elderly patients with sarcopenia who receive Shenling baizhu powder combined with nutrition and exercise intervention can significantly strengthen grip strength without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions/events. Compared with the control group plan， the observation group needs to spend an additional 1 210.61 yuan for each additional effective patient with sarcopenia.

Misuse of pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA)-containing herbs is the major cause of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) in China. And diuretics are among the most commonly used medications for the treatment of PA-induced HSOS in clinical practice. As a traditional diuretic in traditional Chinese medicine, the diuretic mechanism of Alismatis Rhizoma (AR) has not been fully clarified, and there is no report on AR ameliorating PA-induced HSOS from a diuretic point of view. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of alisol B 23-acetate (AB23A) against acute liver injury induced by senecionine (a representative toxic PA) in mice, and to further elucidate its effect on impaired water-liquid balance in mice exposed to PA. All experiments were approved by the Animal Research Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Registration number: PZSHUTCM220808017). Animal welfare and the animal experimental protocols were strictly consistent with related ethics regulations of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Model of mice was induced by a single oral exposure of senecioine (50 mg·kg^-1) (SEN group), and AB23A (40 mg·kg^-1) intervention group (AB23A+SEN group), solvent control group (Ctrl group) and AB23A control group (AB23A group) were set up. The results showed that AB23A could significantly attenuate the levels of serum biochemical indices of liver functions in senecioine-induced acute liver injury mice, as evident by alleviated hepatocyte necrosis and hepatic sinusoidal stasis. AB23A also improved kidney function of mice exposed to senecionine, fascinated urinary excretion and repaired electrolyte disorders, as well as decreased content of senecioine metabolites. Further, the protein and mRNA expression of genes related to the water balance pathway were measured. AB23A could significantly down-regulate the elevated protein and mRNA expression levels of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor, and inhibit the transport of AQP2 to the apical plasma membrane induced by senecionine exposure. AB23A also significantly decreased serum levels of angiotensin II. In vitro studies further confirmed that AB23A regulates AQP2 expression in renal inner medullary collecting duct cells 3 (IMCD3). These data indicate that AB23A regulates the expression of AQP2 in renal medulla, thereby affecting its water reabsorption in mice with senecionine-induced acute liver injury. This work achieves a better understanding of the diuretic effect of AR, and provides experimental foundation and theoretical basis for the treatment of PA-induced acute liver injury by AR in clinics.