No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: It has been known that arterial carbon dioxide tension is 4~5 mmHg higher than end-tidal carbon dioxide tension in healthy adults during general anesthesia. But negative arterial to end-tidal PCO2 difference was reported in pregnant patients undergoing cesarean section. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the difference between arterial and end-tidal PCO2 in anesthetized patients with reduced functional residual capacity. METHODS: 90 patients were divided into 3 groups i.e. control group (n=30), obese group (n=20, body weight more than 20% greater than ideal weight), pregnant group (n=40). All patients had no cardiac or respiratory abnormalities and never smoked. Arterial blood gas analysis and measurement of end-tidal PCO2 were done 20 minutes after induction of anesthesia in control and obese group and just before uterine incision and 20 minutes after fetal delivery in pregnant group. RESULTS: There were significant correlations between arterial and end-tidal PCO2 in all groups. The incidences of negative arterial to end-tidal PCO2 difference were 10% in control group, 40% in obese group, 42.5% in pregnant group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: From this study, it is concluded that patients with reduced functional residual capacity have more incidences of negativity than normal patients in the values of arterial to end-tidal PCO2 difference during general anesthesia. So when the tight control of PaCO2 is required in patients with reduced FRC, we recommend to measure PaCO2 for better anesthetic management.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Body Weight ; Carbon Dioxide* ; Carbon* ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Functional Residual Capacity* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pregnancy ; Smoke

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B vaccination schedule commonly used in Korea is divided largely into 0, 1, 2 month scheduled vaccination group(0, 1, 2 group) and 0, 1, 6 month scheduled vaccination gorup(0, 1, 6 group). The only difference bet.ween two groups is the interval from 2nd dose to 3rd dose. This st,udy had been carried out, to find whether t.he difference of vaccination interval influence the vaccination complet,ion rate or not. METHODS: Study objects are 135 persons over 20 years old who had heptitis B vaccination more than once in injection room of Dongkuk University Kyong-ju Hospital from Jan. 1st in 1996 to Dec. 31th in 1996. Data about vaccination completion were gathered from record book of injection room and telephone interview. RESULTS: Hepatitis B vaccination completion rate is 73.8% in 0, 1, 2 group and 72.5% in 0, 1, 6 group. The reasons for incomplete vaccination are forgetting vaccinat.ion date(36.4% in 0, 1, 2 group and 50% in 0, 1, 6 group), having no time to spare for vaccination(54.5% in 0, 1, 2 group and 43% in 0, 1, 6 group) and knowing positive HBsAb before completion of scheduled vaccination(9.1% in 0, 1, 2 group and 7% in 0, 1, 6 group). CONCLUSIONS: There is no difference in Hepatitis B vaccination complet,ion rate bet.ween 0, 1, 2 group and 0, 1, 6 group.
Appointments and Schedules ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Korea ; Vaccination* ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Down Syndrome* ; Myeloproliferative Disorders*

No abstract available.
Induction Chemotherapy*

No abstract available.
Asthma, Exercise-Induced* ; Child* ; Humans ; Incidence*

The purpose of this study was to investigate and evaluate what proportion is the characteristics in Korean dental arches with normal occlusion. Many others have already indicated Golden proportion in normal dental arches, but have not considered any racial and sociocultural differences. So the author postulated (radical2)n relations in Koreans. The materials were consisted of 134 dental casts with normal occlusion, which have never undergone orthodontic and prosthodontic procedures. Measurements were made on the arch dimensions using sliding caliper and data were computerized. The findings were as follows: 1. The width between the distal surfaces of the upper centrals, had (radical2)3 relation with the width between the buccal surfaces of the upper 1st premolars in Koreans. 2. The width between the distal surfaces of the lower laterals had (radical2) relation with the width between the distal surfaces of the lower canines, and had (radical2)2 relation with the distal surfaces of the upper centrals. 3. The width between the distal surfaces of the lower centrals had (radical2)2 relation with the width between the distal surfaces of the lower laterals, and had (radical2)3 relation with the width between the distal surfaces of the upper centrals.
Bicuspid ; Dental Arch* ; Prosthodontics

Sustained downgaze mostly occurs in association with lesions affecting the dorsal midbrain. We report sustained downgaze in a patient with hepatic encephalopathy. The sustained downgaze existed for seven more days after she regained her consciousness. The persistent downgaze even after regaining full consciousness indicates localized pretectal dysfunction rather than diffuse encephalopathy as the mechanism of sustained downgaze in our patient. The ocular motor dysfunction in hepatic encephalopathy may be due to localized dysfunction of the brainstem

No abstract available.
Lymphangioma* ; Mediastinal Cyst*

BACKGROUND: It is an important task to give adequate nutritions to infants and to wean properly for rapid growth during infancy. Adequate behavior requires precise knowledge. This study was conducted to assess the level of child-caretakers' knowledge about weaning food which is essential to infants' healthy growth. METHODS: From April to June, 1997, we acquired 156 child-caretakers who visited a family medicine clinic in Kyungju and a pediatric clinic in Taegu(from 2months old to 6 years old) medical care. They were asked respond to the pre-made questionnaire. The data were coded and analyzed using Excel and SPSS/PC(version 7.0). Student's t-test was used to test the score difference between two groups by general characteristics. RESULTS: The proportion of correct answers to the question concerning the definition of weaning, was 66.7% ; on proper feeding method when infants do not accept weaning food. 18.5% ; on startion time of weaning food, 64.1% ; on the interval to add new ingredient, 23.1% ; on the sequence of feeding weaning food compared to milk or breast milk. 56.4% ; on How to prepare commercial weaning food, 54.5% ; and to the question in the completing time of weaning food, the proportion of correct answers was 19.2%. The main information sources on weaning food were books and magazines related to child care and rearing(50.6%). The total average score was 4.6/1.0. CONCLUSION: There are many child-caretakers who misunderstand the knowledge of weaning food. Therefore, primary care physician plays an important role in the education of child-caretakers on weaning food.
Child ; Child Care ; Education ; Feeding Methods ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Infant ; Milk ; Milk, Human ; Periodicals as Topic ; Physicians, Primary Care ; Weaning* ; Surveys and Questionnaires