Objective Evaluate the immunotoxicity of Ginenoside Compound K Injection.Methods Active Systemic Anaphylaxis (ASA)tests and Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis (PCA)tests were used to evaluate Ginenoside Compound K Injection.Results In the ASA tests,positive control group showed pole-strength anapbylaxis,both the high-dose group and the low-dose group of Ginenoside Compound K Injection didn't produce allergic reaction and the body weights of all groups showed no significant differences.In the PCA tests,all rats of positive control group caused blue spots with their diameters bigger than 5 mm (diameters on the left side of blue spots was (10.1± 3.34) mm and diameters on the right side of blue spots was(7.57± 1.94)mm.Serum IgE was significantly increased.While both high dose and low dose of Ginenoside Compound K Injection group didn't show blue spots with their diameters greater than 5 mm and their IgE levels showed no significant differences compared with negative control group.Conclusion Ginenoside Compound K Injection showed no immunotoxicity under these experimental conditions.

Objective To evaluate the effects of different kinds of fluorides and their loading on the fluoride releasing characteristics of fluoride containing composite resins. Methods Two paste type of composite resin, containing NaF and K 2TiF 6 respectively, were prepared. The composite resins were based on Bis GMA/TEGDMA resin and loaded with fluoride at 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight, and a non fluoridated composite resin was prepared as the control. Six standardized discs (6 mm?3 mm) were made of each material, and three discs of each material were stored in plastic vials containing 5 ml deionized water at 37 ℃ respectively and the others in artificial saliva. The water and the artificial saliva were changed every 24 hours. An ion selective electrode (9606BN Orion) connected to an ion analyzer (720A Orion) was used to determine the amount of fluoride released on days 8, 15, 22, 29 and 62. The data were analyzed using t tests. Results All of the fluoride containing materials demonstrated a higher fluoride release than that from non fluoride control materials. The composite resin containing NaF released significantly more fluoride than that of K 2TiF 6. All materials showed a significantly higher release of fluoride in water than in artificial saliva ( P

Objective To establish a euglycemic clamp technique in beagle dogs. Methods The euglycemic clamp technique was applied in healthy beagle dogs and the blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, insulin and glucagon were monitored during the clamp. Results The blood glucose was controlled within the basal level.The coefficient of variation was less than 5% during the clamp. The serum insulin concentration finally reached(40.0±3.8)mIU/L stably and a significant inhibition was shown in endogenous insulin by the determination of C-peptide. But there was no significant increase in serum glucagon compared with basal values.Conclusion Methodology confirmed that the euglycemic clamp technique is successful in beagle dogs and can be applied in the study of pharmacodynamics of insulin preparations.

Ear, Middle ; pathology ; Female ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell ; pathology ; Humans ; Mastoiditis ; pathology ; Middle Aged

Adult ; Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Leg ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal ; pathology ; therapy

Objective To evaluate the effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on the sleep architecture of rats.Methods Sixteen pathogen-free healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 10-12 weeks,weighing 300-350 g,were divided into 2 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) and sevoflurane group (group S).Each rat was implanted with a transmitter for recording electromyogram and electroencephalogram via telemetry.The rats were exposed to 2.4％ sevoflurane and pure oxygen 1.5 L/min for 5.5 h followed by 0.5 h washout with pure oxygen in group S,and the rats were exposed to pure oxygen 1.5 L/min for 6 h in group C.Then the rats were taken into the sleep monitoring box,and the 24 h after anesthesia was divided into 4 time periods according to the circadian rhythm:L1 (14:00-20:00),D1 (20:00-02:00),D2 (02:00-08:00) and L2 (08:00-14:00).The total time spent on wakefulness,on non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and on REM sleep,the number of wakefulness,NREM sleep and REM sleep,and the time spent on wakefulness,on NREM sleep and on REM sleep during each time period were recorded using Version 3.0 Neurosore software.Results Compared with group C,the total time spent on wakefulness was significantly shortened,the total time spent on REM sleep was prolonged,the number of NREM sleep was increased,the time spent on REM sleep in L1 and D1 time periods was prolonged,the time spent on wakefulness in D2 time period was shortened,the time spent on NREM sleep was prolonged (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the total time spent on NREM sleep or the number of REM sleep and wakefulness in group S (P＞0.05).Conclusion Sevoflurane anesthesia can change the stability of sleep architecture,increase REM sleep and reduce wakefulness in rats.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of clofenotane (DDT) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the relevant molecular mechanism in human colorectal cancer cells. METHODS Human colorectal cancer cells DLD1 were treated with DDT 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 nmol·L-1 for 48 h. Then, the morphology of DLD1 cells was observed. mRNA levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin and Snail1 were detected by real-time PCR. Protein expression of STAT3 signaling pathway of proteins STAT3 and p-STAT3 was detected by Western blotting. STAT3 inhibitor WP1006 (5μmol · L-1) was added to determine its impact on DDT-induced alternation of STAT3/Snail1 signaling and EMT-related molecules. Protein expression of STAT3 and p-STAT3 was detected by Western blotting and mRNA levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail1 were detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS DLD1 cell morphology was changed after exposure to DDT 0.01-100.0 nmol · L- 1. Meanwhile, real-time PCR showed that the mRNA level of E-cadherin was significantly decreased compared with normal cell control (P<0.01), which was 42.4±2.8%of that in the normal control group. The mRNA levels of N-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail1 were significantly increased (P<0.01), which were 1.91±0.1, 1.5±0.2 and 1.5±0.1 times that of the normal control group. DDT 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 nmol · L-1 exposure induced up-regulation of STAT3 and p-STAT3 protein levels (P<0.01), which were 2.1 and 1.8 times that of the normal control group. The addition of STAT3 inhibitor WP1066 (5 μmol · L-1) prevented STAT3 from phosphorylation as well as the up-regulation of Snail1(P<0.01), which was (56.3 ± 0.9)% that of the DDT 1.0 nmol · L-1 treat?ment group. Compared with DDT treatment alone, the mRNA levels of EMT-related molecules were remarkably reversed by WP1066 (5 μmol · L- 1) co-treatment, increasing E-cadherin but decreasing N-cadherin and vimentin in DLD1 cells(P<0.01), which were 50.2±2.9%and 61.6±6.1%of those in the DDT 1.0 nmol · L- 1 treatment group, respectively. CONCLUSION DDT alters the expressions of EMT-related molecules including E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin via STAT3/Snail1 signaling, thus promoting the EMT process in human colorectal cancer cells. This progress may be closely related to DDT-induced colorectal cancer development.

Objective:To analyze bone strength index, osteoporosis and fracture in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients with radiologic hip involvement and explore the characteristics of bone strength in these patients.Methods:According to bath ankylosing spondylitis radiology hip index (BASRI-hip) score, 339 AS patients were divided into two groups. The differences of bone strength in each group were analyzed by t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and χ2 test. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of bone strength index. The correlation between quantitative ultrasound and dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (total hip, g/cm 2) was analyzed. Pearson correlation analysis was used. Results:①Bone strength index of quantitative ultrasound was positively correlated with bone mineral density of DXA (total hip, g/cm 2), r=0.553, P<0.01. ② The age of 27(23, 37) years old in radiographic hip involvement was lower than 37(28, 48) years old in non-radiographic hip involvement, and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-5.986, P<0.01). There were no differences in gender and course of disease between the two groups ( P>0.05).③ The radiographic hip involvement in AS patients whose ages were younger than 50, when compared with non-radiographic hip involvement patients, the bone strength index was lower (78±18 vs 84±16), while bone strength was lower than patients at the same age (41.0% vs 18.4%), however, the incidences of osteoporosis (42.7% vs 28.8%) and fragility fracture (3.7% vs 0%) were significantly higher ( t=3.028, P<0.01; χ2=16.758, P<0.01; χ2=5.886, P=0.019; χ2=4.67, P=0.038). For AS patients whose ages were ≥50, there were no significant differences between the two groups ( P>0.05). ④ Multivariate analysis showed that radiographic hip involvement [ OR (95% CI)=1.912(1.05, 3.48)], age [ OR (95% CI)=0.94(0.911, 0.97)] and body mass index (BMI) (kg/m 2) [ OR (95% CI) =0.875(0.807, 0.948)] were associated with lower bone strength. Conclusion:There is positive correlation between the bone strength index of quantitative ultrasound and bone mineral density of DXA. AS patients with radiographic hip involvement are characterized by decreased bone strength and are more likely to develop osteoporosis and fragile fractures. The risk factors of low bone strength are radiographic hip involvement, age and BMI.

ObjectiveTo introduce a simple and quick method of adherent monoculture to primary neural stem cells depending on the mainly peptic characteristic of collagenase. MethodsThe fetus rat telencephalons of a pregnant 14-day-old SD rat were isolated, and tissues were treated with collagenase type Ⅰ contained EDTA following trituration. The cells were raised in polylysine culture plates with serum-free medium, and assessed with Nestin immunofluorescence. ResultsThe Nestin positve cells were obtained, and the purity was over 99%. ConclusionThis method may simply and quickly yields the primary neural stem cells that are monolayer and adherent.

Background and purpose:The BRAF V600E mutation is a highly attractive drug target. Therefore, determining the BRAF gene mutation status of patients is essential in order to assess patients' eligibility for targeted BRAF geneinhibitor therapy. The aim of this study was to validate the utility of immunohistochemistry to rapidly obtain the BRAF gene mutation status. This study aimed to analyze the correlation of the BRAF V600E gene mutation and VE1 protein ex-pression with the clinical pathological characteristics in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).Methods:The mutation status of BRAF V600E was detected by DNA sequencing. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of BRAF V600E protein in 108 cases of PTC, 54 cases of thyroid adenoma and 54 cases of normal thyroid tissue.Results:The gene mutation rate of BRAF V600E is 67.6%, and VE1 protein expression rate is 64.8% in 108 cases of PTC. The differences were statistically significant compared with thyroid adenoma and goiter (P<0.05), but have no correlation with the clinical pathological characteristics.Conclusion:BRAF V600E gene mutation and VE1 protein expression are useful biomarkers for the pathological diagnosis of PTC. High consistency was observed between the immunohistochemical staining results and the DNA sequencingresults of BRAF V600E gene mutations. Immunohistochemical technique detecting the BRAF V600E protein expression can effectively reflect indirectly BRAF V600E gene mutation status in PTC.BRAF V600E gene mutation has no contribution to the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma.