Possible seasonal differences in serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations have not been studied in newborn infants. Recently we demonstrated sea- sonal differences in bone mineral content (BMC) in newborn infants: lower BMC was present in summer vs. winter-born infants (J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1992; 15: 285). In a second stduy, higher serum osteocalcin, an index of bone formation, and lower BMC were found in summer vs. winter (J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1994; 19: 2207). We speculated that increased serum osteocalcin in summer could be an adaptive response to decreased bone mass. Since growth factors such as IGFs are local regulators of bone formation, we hypothesized that in summer-born infants, serum IGF-I will be higher than in winter, associated with high bone formation activity. Fifty-nine healthy, term appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants were studied prospectively in winter (Jan-Mar, 29) and in summer (July-Sept., 30). Thirty infants were male, and 29 infants were female. Gestational ages and birth weights were not different by season(in summer, mean+SD, 39.61.1 wk, 3,471360 g,' in winter, 39.31.4 wk, 3,402 392 g). Cord serum IGF-I was measured by radioimmunoassay, modified from Furlanetto et al (1977), after acidification and sep-pack extraction of serum, and osteocalcin concentrations were determined by a kit radio-immunoassay. Cord serum IGF-I concentrations were not different by season of birth(summer vs. winter, 20.11.83 vs. 16.5 1.75 ng/mL, p=0.2). No gender differences were found: 18.21.8 vs. 18.2+1.8 ng/ mL in males vs. females. Serum osteocalcin was higher in summer vs. winter-born infants (8.22.3 vs. 4.951.58 ng/mL, p=0.009). BMC was different by season (87.2+ 14.5 vs. 94.1+16.4 mg/cm, p=0.02). Cord serum IGF-I was not related to serum osteocalcin and BMC. We conclude that serum IGF-I concentrations are not different by season or gender, and are not related to bone formation activity and BMC. Thus, IGF -I concentrations in serum are not seasonally regulated, nor associated with an index of bone formation activity.
Birth Weight ; Bone Density ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Male ; Osteocalcin ; Osteogenesis ; Prospective Studies ; Radioimmunoassay ; Seasons*

Objective To observe the effect of oral minirin in postoperative transsphenoidal surgery patients with central diabetes insipidus. Methods The changes in the urine volume and osomlality after two weeks of minirin medication (0. lmg, 3 times each day) were observed in 34 patients with central diabetes insipidus underwent transsphenoidal surgery. Results After two weeks of minirin therapy,the average daily urine volume decreased from 7985.40 ±410. 36 ml to 2277. 87 ± 328. 94 ml,and the average plasmas osmolarity increased from 301. 68 ± 3. 59 ml/d to 313. 26 ±4. 87 mOsm/ kg. No adverse reaction was observed during the therapy. Conclusions Minirin is effective and safe in the therapy of postoperative transsphenoidal surgery patients with central diabetes insipidus.

To determine the incidence of prenatal brain damage, and evaluate the clinical and neurosonographical characteristics, we prospectively examined 508 newborn infants with intracranial ultrasound within the first day of life who admitted to the NICU of Severance Hospital from June 1990 to January 1992 and reviewed maternal or neonatal medical records. We found 12 cases (2.4%) of fetal brain lesions and ten of which had antenatal periventricularintraventricular hemorrhage and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. One of 10 infants had focal parenchymal hemorrhage, 1 had diffuse parenchymal hemorrhage with a porencephalic cavity, 1 had multicystic periventricular leukomalacia with spongiform cerebromalacia, and 1 had multicystic periventricular leukomalacia. Another 2 infants showed multicystic periventricular leukomalcia and multicystic encephalomalacia with ventriculomegaly respectively. Of 12 infants with prenatal brain damage, 7 were full-term, 5 were preterm, 9 were appropriate-for-gestational age, 2 were small-for-gestational-age, 7 were male, and 9 were delivered vaginally. Ten of 12 infants had perinatal asphyxia and five of which showed severe asphxia. Ten of 12 cases had significant materanl histories (three of which had preterm labor, three had premature rupture of amniotic membrane, one had preeclampsia, one had frequent upper respiratory tract infection and influenza, one had herb medication, and one had mental retardation). Only one infant with prenatal brain damage was asymptomatic and ll infants exhibited a few clinical signs during the neonatal period (all 5 infants had respiratory distress symptom, 4 infants had multiple congenital anomalies, 2 infants showed janudice and one infant had seizure). Of 9 infants who were taken electroencephalogram, 7 infants showed abnormal findings and four of 9 infants taken brainstem auditory evoked potential test exhibited abnormal response. Cerebral palsy and mental retardation were documented in two infants, 5 infants were lost on follow-up examination, and 5 infants were discharged against doctor's advices and died. This study confirms that some drain damage is prenatal and these lesions are associated with the development of cerebral palsy. therefore, prenatal brain damage can not be attributed to obstetrical events and neonatal care, We recommend that a fetal neurosonographic examination should be done in the last trimester of all pregnancies, especially in the presence of significant obstetric history or suspected fetal malformations and neonatal brain sonogaraphy be done within the first week of life. These examination are justified because they would allow early intervention to help offset possible neurologic deficits, would help prepare parents and pediatricians for possible limitations, and would prevent lawsuits and protect against malpractice allegations. But, it is not clear that every newborn infants need an ultrasound scan, since detection of prenatal brain damage would be of little benefit to the patients and enormous cost of routinely examining all pregnancies would be required.
Amnion ; Asphyxia ; Brain* ; Cerebral Palsy ; Early Intervention (Education) ; Electroencephalography ; Encephalomalacia ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Influenza, Human ; Intellectual Disability ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular ; Male ; Malpractice ; Medical Records ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Parents ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Prospective Studies ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Rupture ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Meningitis* ; Sepsis*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hyalin* ; Hyaline Membrane Disease* ; Infant, Newborn

No abstract available.
Blood Pressure* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant* ; Parturition*

No abstract available.
Bilirubin* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Phototherapy*

Intestinal metaplasia (IM) have long been thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of gastric intestinal adenocarcinoma, but not in that of diffuse cancer. We studied 20 normal gastric mucosa, 90 IM, 39 atypia (dysplasia or adenoma), and 51 adenocarcinoma to evaluate the expression of p53, erb B2, and H-ras p21 proteins and to assess the correlation with IM (esp. type III IM, revealing positive HID-AB/PAS for sulfomucin). Positive rate of HID-AB staining revealed an increased trend in comparison between IM, atypia and adenocarcinoma. It was the highest in mucinous carcinoma, but it was not correlated with positive oncoprotein expressions. Positive rates of oncoproteins revealed increased trends in comparison between IM, dysplasia or adenoma and adenocarcinoma in c-erb B2 and p53 (P<0.01). The positive rates were highest in intestinal adenocarcinoma (50.0% and 54.2%, respectively). Rates were lowest in biopsy tissue of IM (4.4% and 8.7%, respectively). The expression of H-ras p21 was not significant in gastric carcinogenesis. There was no significant correlation between oncoproteins and other clinical parameters, such as depth of invasion, differentiation, size and nodal metastasis of the tumors. Therefore, we suggest that p53 and erb B2 may play a role in the carcinogenesis of gastric intestinal adenocarcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; Adenoma ; Biopsy ; Carcinogenesis ; Gastric Mucosa ; Metaplasia* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Oncogene Proteins

No abstract available.
Blood Pressure* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*