BACKGROUND: International research discovers that the risk factors of stroke have certain correlation with microalbuminuria(MAU) but the results are inconsistent.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the incidence of MAU in patients with acute cerebral infarction and the risk factor of stroke and the recurrence of cerebral infarction.DESIGN: A case-control study based on patients with acute cerebral infarction and individuals with risk factors of cerebral infarction, and the healthy elderly as controls.SETTING: Inpatient department of neurology in a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 214 cases with cerebral infarction or risk factors of cerebral infarction aged between 50 and 80 years old were selected from the Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between January 2000 and December 2001. Acute cerebral infarction group (infarction group, attack within one week, n =78), cerebral infarction risk factor group(risk group, n = 56), such as, hypertension, diabetes,coronary heart disease (CHD), transient ischemic attack(TIA) or stroke history(more than 6 months), and healthy elderly(control group, n=28) .Thereinto, combined group( n = 109) included 78 cases of acute cerebral infarction and 31 cases with TIA or stroke history of risk factors.METHODS: Seralbumin, serum creatine(SCr), blood sugar, total cholesterol, total triacylglycerol(TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) were detected after more than 12 hours of fasting. The albumin in the first urine in the morning was detected by radio-immunity analysis.the incidence of neo-vascular affair in 2 years of follow-up including recurtute indicator: incidence of MAU in each group.RESULTS: Patients with MAU accounted for 35% of acute cerebral infarction, which were significantly higher than that of risk group(15% ) and control group(3.5%, P ＜ 0.01). Six independent risk factors predicting MAU existed in infarction group and combined group, which were diabetes, seralbumin level, age, CHD, hypertension, and HDL-C( P ＜ 0. 05, or P ＜ 0.01).After(1.5 ±0. 9) years of follow-up, 23% of patients of infarction group suffered from recurrent vascular accident, which was significantly higher than that of risk group(12% ) and control group(0%, P ＜ 0.01 ). 36% of MAU patients in infarction group suffered from recurrent vascular accident, which was significantly different from that of patients with a great deal of albuminuria(41% ) and normal albuminuria(10%, P ＜ 0. 05). MAU is the independent predicting indicator for the recurrence of stroke after the control of diabetes and hypertension in patients of infarction group and risk group with the risk rate of 3.8 (95% CI, 1.2-13.5; P ＜0.05) or 4. 7(95%CI,1.4-16.7, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: MAU is quite common in acute cerebral infarction patients. After the adjustment of basic risk factors, MAU is the independent risk factor of the recurrence of cerebral infarction.

Professor YANG Zhao-min inherited the ancient doctors'experiences about point-prescription with the principle of 'inheriting the ancients without being formalistic in the ancients,bringing new ideas without losing contact with fountainhead of TCM'. He explored new ideas based on the ancient therapy,and summed his distinctive experience up as two types:simple recipe of acupuncture and moxibustion (single point,double points,three points) and compound recipe of acupuncture and moxibustion (more than fi ve points).Those were simple-clear-essential-new in composition and form,and effective therapy in clinic.

Objective To investigate the prevalence features of helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection,anemia and iron deficiency in a po-pulation of Wuhan children with 2 to 6 years old,and the relationship between Hp infection and anemia,iron deficiency in the children.Methods Randomly taking 95 children who had taken tests in our hospital's check-up centre in 2008 as the study objects,2 kinds of exa-mination were employed to detect Hp infection.Serum levels of Hp-IgG were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods to evaluate past infection.The 14C urea breath test (14C-UBT) was conducted to obtain information of the presence of current/active Hp infection.In the morning 3 mL fasting venous blood was collected to determine the serum levels of Hp-IgG antibodies and ferritin.Hemoglobin values were determined with a hemoglobinometer.Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were tested in order to determine whether the children had evidence of current inflammation or infection.In addition,demographic information such as age and gender of the children and information about their use of antibiotics within the prior month were recorded.All cases were divided into 2 groups including the Hp infection group and non-Hp infection group according to laboratory examinations,then the Logistic regression was applied to analyze the relationship between Hp infection and anemia,iron deficiency.The Kappa identity test was taked to compare the 2 measures.Results Of the 95 children,18.9% were anemic and 36.8% were iron deficient.Forty percent of the cohort had Hp-IgG antibodies,74.4% tested positive by the UBT.Presence of Hp-IgG emerged as a significant risk factor for anemia,iron deficiency in adjusted analysis controlling for demographic factors,current inflammation,and antibiotic use.Conclusions Findings from different measure of Hp may reflect different stages of infection,with UBT results reflecting an earlier stage of infection,and presence of Hp-IgG reflecting established Hp infection associated with anemia,iron deficiency.

In order to study the analgesic effect of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction, this paper discussed material basis and mechanism from the perspective of macromolecules in traditional Chinese medicine. Inspired by the phenomenon of turbidity after boiling Chinese medicine, this experiment took Shaoyao Gancao Decoction as the research object to study the formation process of precipitation during boiling. The results showed that aggregates with a certain shape were formed in the solvent during the boiling process, and the precipitate was obtained by standing and centrifuging. Analysis found that the precipitation was mainly composed of small molecules such as paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid, isoliquiritin and gallic acid, and macromolecules such as protein and polysaccharide. The composition of precipitate was consistent with that of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction, but the analgesic effect of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction after removing the precipitate was significantly reduced. Based on these results, we isolated small molecular compounds, polysaccharides and protein from Shaoyao Gancao Decoction and their contents are 60.4, 700.7 and 207.2 mg·g^-1 respectively. We get the ratio, polysaccharide: small molecule = 11.6∶1, protein: small molecule = 3.4∶1, the precipitate is prepared in the state of boiling. The characterization results showed that the particle size of the precipitate will change significantly after co-heating, and the content determination results showed that the content of the six small molecular compounds which was free in solvent was significantly reduced after the formation of the precipitate. The acetic acid writhing experiment proved that the precipitate has a good analgesic effect, and effectively reduced the levels of inflammatory factors prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide, and increased the level of anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10. These results proved that the precipitate in Shaoyao Gancao Decoction is an important material basis for analgesic effect, and macromolecules such as protein and polysaccharide are the main components of the precipitate. The study of macromolecules in the precipitate of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction not only provides new ideas and methods for elucidating the pharmacodynamic material basis of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction, but also provides a reference for analyzing the scientificity of traditional decoction.

Fibrosis ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Humans ; Osteogenesis ; Subdural Space ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

With patients' general situation, medication use, occurrence time of adverse drug reaction/event (ADR/ADE), clinical manifestations and prognosis as reference items, a retrospective study was made for 315 cases with ADR/ADE induced by Gastrodin in Chongqing from January 2008 to June 2014, in order to analyze the characteristics of ADR/ADE and provide reference for rational clinical medication. The results showed that among the 315 cases with ADR/ADE, 143 cases (45.4%) were males and 172 cases (54.6%) were females, most of them (74.9%) were aged above 45; 60 cases (19.0%) with ADE were caused by off-label indications and 66 cases (21.0%) with ADE were caused by over dosage; ADR/ADE cases induced by intravenous drip mainly happened within 30 min (85.5%), ADR/ADE cases induced by oral administration mainly happened within 2 h (74.4%), and all of ADR/ ADE cases induced by intramuscular injection happened within 10 min. Totally 593 ADR/ADE cases were reported, which were mainly damages in gastrointestinal system, skin and its adnexa; And 61.9% of ADR/ADE cases were newly reported. It is suggested that medical workers shall learn about the regularity and characteristics of ADR/ADE induced by gastrodin, apply it in clinic with standards, pay close attention to changes of patients' situations and attach importance to the monitoring of ADR/ADE, so as to enhance the safety of medication.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Benzyl Alcohols ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; epidemiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; drug effects ; Glucosides ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; drug effects ; Young Adult

Objectives To evaluate the preliminary effectiveness,investigate the clinical methods and prevent the complications of the epiphysis preservation operation by using custom-made prosthesis in children with distal femoral osteosarcomas.Methods Between August 2012 and July 2013,3 patients (from 8 to 14 years old) who were diagnosed of osteosarcoma underwent tumor segmental resection and epiphysis preservation operation and reconstruction with custom-made prosthesis.Patients were assigned neoadjuvant chemotherapy 1 to 2 cycles.The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was then evaluated by X-ray,CT and MRI.Patients were determined the disease field by MRI,customized prosthesis by computer and had surgery of tumor segmental resection and reconstruction with custom-made prosthesis.All individuals were given appropriate functional exercise after operation,standard chemotherapy after incision healing one week,and long-time follow-ups.Results The operation times were 3 hours,4 hours and 6 hours.The bleeding losses during operation were 300 ml,500 ml and 2200 ml,respectively.The functional scores according to the scoring system of the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) after 12-24 months follow-ups were 24,26 and 13,respectively.And excellent functional results were obtained in short-time follow-ups.1 patient had prosthesis infection and amputation was taken after failing in conservative treatment.Unequal lengths of both lower extremities in 2 patients were less than 2 cm.Conclusion For the pediatric distal femoral osteosarcomas that has surgical indications,a new theory and therapy idea on combination of epiphysis preservation operation with custom-made prosthesis and neoadjuvant chemotherapy and standardized postoperative chemotherapy is suggested.And it has advantages of effective curative effect,easy operation,short operative time and quick recovery.However,long-term outcomes of complications should be observed further.

Objective To investigate quantitatively the thermal sensation characteristics of the patients with facial palsy and the value of quantitative thermal test (QTT) in prognostication.Methods The QTT threshold of the fore ear and cheek of 30 patients with peripheral facial palsy was tested,their facial nerve conduction velocity was measured,and House-Brackmann facial nerve grading system was used to estimate facial nerve function at 2～3 weeks,a month,two months and half a year post onset.Results It was found that 12 out of 30 patients had abnor- mal QTT threshold value;the majority of them suffered from herpes virus and diabetes.In those with abnormal QTT, 8 were with diabetes mellitus (account for 66.7%),3 with partial shingles (account for 25%),and 1 with positive serum virus infection (account for 8.3%).Those with normal QTT were significantly different from those with abnor- mal QTT,with regard to the House-Brackmann rating scores after 2 and 6 months post onset (P

Animals ; Dendrobium ; chemistry ; Fatigue ; drug therapy ; Mice ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology

AIM: To investigate the effectiveness of minimally invasive conjunctivorhinostomy for complete bicanalicular obstruction, and to evaluate the advantages, complications, and degree of satisfaction after this technique.
●METHODS: Twenty - two patients ( 22 eyes ) with complete bicanalicular obstruction were selected as the research subjects, all patients were treated by minimally invasive conjunctivorhinostomy. The post - operation follow- up lasted for 3 - 27mo. Medical records were reviewed for demographic data, surgical time, length of the tubes, duration of follow-up, patency of the tube, postoperative complications, whether satisfied or dissatisfied with this procedure. Meanwhile, the data was analyzed for evaluating the clinical efficacy of minimally invasive conjunctivorhinostomy.
●RESULTS: The overall operative success rate was 95%(21/22), and the overall patient satisfaction was 68% (15/22 ) . The post - operation complications included:granulation tissue proliferation of the lower end of the tube 2 cases (9%), middle turbinate blocked the opening of tube 3 cases ( 14%) , nasal mucosa covering the opening of tube 1 case ( 5%) , the tube was blocked by secreta 5 cases ( 23%) , foreign body sensation 10 cases (45%), dry eye 2 cases ( 9%), regurgitation of nasal secreta discharge 8 cases (36%).
●CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive conjunctivorhinostomy can treat the complete bicanalicular obstruction. This operation method is characterized by simplicity, high success rate, short operative time, less tissue trauma, less complications, without facial scarring, and it is worth clinical promotion.