Background Cystoid macular edema(CME) is an important cause of visual impairment of central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO).Spectral-Domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT) has increased speed and higher resolution,offering a better chance of understanding the morphological changes and pathogenesis of CME. Objective This study was to survey the morphologic features of macular edema associated with CRVO by SD-OCT. Methods Clinical data of the patients with CRVO diagnosed in Department of Ophthalmology,Peking Union Medical College Hospital from March 2008 to August 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.SD-OCT features of macular edema induced by CRVO were analyzed and recorded.Results The average macular foveal thickness was(527.5±218.2) μm in macular edemas eyes.Main morphological changes included 55 cases(84.6%) of CME,15 cases of(23.1%) serous macular detachment(SMD),and 10 cases(15.4%) of simple macular edema,and these findings occurred at the same time in some eyes.Cystoid spaces in the parafoveal region were seen in the inner nuclear layer,outer plexiform layer and outer nuclear layer,and discontinuous or weak inner segment/outer segment(IS/OS) line was often seen in CME.The incidence of CME associated with incomplete posterior vitreous detachment(PVD) was 14.5%,and that of neural epithelial edema associated with incomplete PVD was 10.0%,showing an insignificant difference between them(χ2=0.000,P=1.000).The average area of SMD was 1838.4μm ×1428.1μm×190.1μm,and the incidence of partial PVD was higher(χ2=4.266,P=0.039).Conclusion SD-OCT can reveal the micro-morphological change of macular zone in macular edema eye.SD-OCT enabled visualization of its spatial extent in each retinal layer and the condition of IS/OS layer.Serous macular edema is related with partial PVD.

Objective To study the effects of granisetron hydrochloride on vasovagal syncope(VVS) in rabbits.Methods Twenty-four healthy New Zealand rabbits were divided stochastically into control group and intervention group,12 in each group. The control group was injected intravenously with normal saline. The intervention group was injected intravenously with granisetron hydrchloiride.Rabbit VVS models were established,each was taken at 4 points in time in the bloodletting process:T1,T2,T3,T4,to compare the bloodletting time,the concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) in T2,T3,T4 and the total blood volume between the groups,and monitor the heart rate, blood pressure during the entire process.Results 1.The time of intervention group in T2,T3,T4 was longer than the time of control group obviously(P

Objective To explore the change of S-100? and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)in serum after seizure and medication in children with epilepsy.Methods Serum protein level of S-100? and GFAP were determined by double antibody sandwish enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)in 41 cases with epilepsy and 30 healthy children.The specimen of venous blood were taken by 24 hours after seizure,4 weeks,12 weeks after medicine and their supernate preserved at-80 ℃ after centrifugat.Results Twenty-four hours after seizure,protein level of S-100?,GFAP in serum was significantly higher than that of control group(Pa0.05).Four weeks after medication,protein level of S-100?,GFAP in serum of epileptic group decreased,but still higher than that in control group,and the difference was significant(P

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the technique and the clinical effect of folding roof and rotary pushing in treatment of children with distal radius and ulna fracture of "back to back".

METHODSFrom January 2012 to February 2014,38 children with distal radius and ulna fracture of "back to back" were treated by using the technique of folding roof and rotary pushing to reset and splint fixation including 23 males and 15 females with an average age of 9.5 years old ranging from 6 to 14 years old. Injury time was from 45 min to 3 days (averaged 1.3 days). All cases was unilateral closed fracture without symptoms of nerve injury occurred. The wrist joint anteroposterior and lateral radiographs showed double fracture of radius and ulna, and the broken end of radius was typical "back to back" displacement. The quality of reduction was assessed according to Dienst recommendation on the combination of Aro measurement, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated using standard of Anderson function.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 3 to 13 months with an average of 6 months. There were no iatrogenic nerve injury. Thirty cases were treated successfully for the first time, 8 cases were again reset successfully; 28 cases were anatomical reduction, 7 cases were near anatomic reduction, 3 cases were functional reduction. At the second day 7 cases with hand and finger swelling appeared in multiple reset patients. Quality results of reduction were excellent in 33 cases, good in 5 cases. According to the standard of Anderson function evaluation, 35 cases were excellent, 3 cases were good. All fractures were healed with of deformity of wrist.

CONCLUSIONUsing the technique of folding roof and rotary pushing in treatment of children with distal radius and ulna fracture of "back to back" is very successful, the patient's limb function recovered well, the whole operation process is simple.

Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Male ; Radius Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Ulna Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery

This study aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes of endoscopic vein harvesting (EVH) for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in obese patients.Totally,153 obese patients who underwent EVH (n=81) or standard bridging technique (SBT,n=72) in CABG surgery from May 2012 to October 2014 in our hospital were enrolled in this retrospective non-randomized controlled study.The general situation of operation,postoperative complications and short medium-term outcomes were analyzed.The baseline characteristics were similar between these two groups (P＞0.05).There were no statistical differences in total operation time (226±28 min vs.224±30 min,P＞0.05),number of damaged vessels (0.12±0.05 vs.0.16±0.06,P＞0.05) and short medium-term outcomes including revascularization rate (1.25％ vs.2.78％,P＞0.05),vessel dysfunction rate (11.25％ vs.11.11％,P＞0.05) and mortality (0.00％ vs.0.00％,P＞0.05).Use of EVH was associated with significant reduction of total harvesting time (41±6 min vs.63±11min,P＜0.05),incision length (4.4±1.1 cm vs.18.2±4.5 cm,P＜0.05) and postoperative lower extremity complications (P＜0.05).EVH can reduce the risk of wound complications,whereas does not influence short-and medium-term outcomes in obese patients.It can be considered a reliable procedure of harvesting vessel conduits for obese patients undergoing CABG.

Objective To study the liver and kidney toxicity and effective substances of rhubarb anthraquinone.Methods Rat serums containing drugs (SCDs) were prepared after intragastric administration of the rhubarb extract of free anthraquinones.The toxicity of different doses of SCDs on HL-7702 and HK-2 cells were investigated using the method of serum pharmacology with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage as the indexes.Using the serum pharmacochemistry method,the chromatogram of SCDs was detected by HPLC,and the UV absorption spectrograms of peaks were extracted.Comparing the chromatogram of SCDs with that of blank serum,drug-induced constituents in blood were analyzed.By comparing the chromatograms and spectrograms with those of extracts and reference substances,the sources of the drug-induced components were analyzed and some constituents were identified.Results Compared with the cells of corresponding blank serum groups,the leakage of AST in HL-7702 cells significantly increased in 100％ and 80％ SCDs groups [(160.67 ± 19.35)U · L-1 vs (113.33 ± 2.08) U · L-1,(123.00 ± 7.00) U · L-1 vs (82.33 ± 11.93) U · L-1],the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜0.01),and the leakage LDH in HK-2 cells significantly increased in 100％,80％ and 40％ SCDs groups [(644.33 ±9.29)U · L-1vs (606.67 ± 11.85)U · L-1,(624.33 ±34.95)U · L-1 vs (504.33 ± 16.04)U · L-1,(603.67 ±42.83)U · L-1vs (398.00 ± 19.08)U · L-1],the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Twenty drug-induced components were detected in rat serum after intragastric administration of the rhubarb extract of free anthraquinones,five of them were the original free anthraquinones and fifteen were metabolites.Five original free anthraquinones were identified as aloe emodin,rhein,emodin,chrysophanol,and physcion.Eight constituents out of 15 metabolites were identified as aloe emodin-8-O-glucopyranoside,rhein -8-O-glucopyranoside,emodin-1-O-glucopyranoside,chrysophanol-1-0-glucopyranoside,chrysophanol -8-O-glucopyranoside,emodin-8-O-glucopyranoside,aloe emodin-3-CH2-O-glucopyranoside,and physcion-8-O-glucopyranoside.Other 7 metabolites possessed the same ultraviolet absorption character as that of anthraquinones.Conclusion Anthraquinones in rhubarb have liver and kidney toxicity,and the effective substances are conjugated anthraquinone produced in vivo metabolism and free anthraquinone in vitro.

Objective To observe the protective effect of schisandrin and deoxyschisandrin on acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) in mice and to study its mechanism. Methods Mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal group(0. 5％ carboxymethylcellulose sodium,0. 5％ CMC-Na) ,model group (0. 5％ CMC-Na) ,control group(bicyclol 300mg·kg-1·d-1) , schisandrin group(schisandrin 400 mg·kg-1·d-1) ,and deoxyschisandrin group(deoxyschisandrin 400 mg·kg-1·d-1) ,with 10 mice in each group, intragastrically twice a day for 7 d. One hour after the last administration,except for normal group,the mice of other groups were intraperitoneally injected with 0. 3％ CCl4 peanut oil solution for reproduction of acute liver injury model in mice. The serum and liver tissues of mice of each group were collected. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer. The malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in liver tissue were measured by biochemical kits. Results The serum levels of ALT in normal group,model group,control group,schisandrin group,and deoxyschisandrin group were (30. 90 ± 3. 14) , (3986. 90 ± 78. 63) , (387. 00 ± 24. 39) , (1914. 70 ± 89. 35) , and(2142. 10 ± 98. 35) U·L-1,respectively; the serum levels of AST in the 5 groups were (191. 50 ± 18. 02) ,(2337. 70 ± 80. 34) ,(978. 10 ± 95. 65) ,(1525. 60 ± 96. 91) ,and (1405. 30 ± 92. 31) U·L-1,respectively; the MDA levels in liver tissue in the 5 groups were (3. 08 ± 0. 18) ,(8. 67 ± 0. 28) ,(5. 13 ± 0. 22) ,(6. 63 ± 0. 28) ,and (6. 18 ± 0. 34) μmol·g-1,respectively; the SOD levels in liver tissue in the 5 groups were (162. 42 ± 4. 03) ,(102. 86 ± 3. 55) ,(148. 78 ± 7. 57) ,(132. 83 ± 6. 42) ,and (138. 21 ± 4. 94) U·mg-1,respectively. Comparison between model group and normal group or between control group, schisandrin group,deoxyschisandrin group and model group, the differences of the factors were significant (all P < 0. 01). Conclusion Schisandrin and deoxyschisandrin have protective effects on acute liver injury induced by CCl4 in mice,and its mechanism is related to anti-oxidation.

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical characteristics of triple-negative (TN) breast cancer and non-triple-negative (NTN) breast cancer, enrich the information of TN patients, and provide evidences for individualized combined treatment.

METHODSThe data of 408 cases received operation in the year of 2002 was enrolled in this study. TN patients were confirmed according to the immunohistochemical (IHC) test of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER-2/neu. The clinical characteristics, recurrence, metastasis and survival were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSSeventy-seven patients (18.9%) were confirmed TN cases. The median follow-up was 64 months (range, 3-79 months). Of all the cases, 58 occurred local recurrence or metastasis and 51 died, it was 19 and 12 in TN group. Compared with the NTN group, the TN patient tended to be younger and the tumor mass larger (P=0.015 and 0.011). However, axillary lymph nodes metastasis occurred more often in NTN patients than in TN patients (P=0.001). The rate of local recurrence and metastasis in TN group was significantly higher than in NTN group (P=0.005 and 0.025), and TN cases were more likely to develop lung metastasis than NTN patients (P<0.01). The 3-year and 5-year overall survival rate in TN group were significantly lower than in NTN group (86.4% vs. 93.4%, P=0.0205; 77.7% vs. 87.9%, P=0.0215). The 3-year and 5-year disease-free survival rate in TN group were also significantly lower than in NTN group (78.4% vs. 92.4%, P=0.0038; 72.8% vs. 85.8%, P=0.0041). Tumor size, lymph node status and triple-negative were the most important factors influencing the prognosis on multivariate Cox regression analysis.

CONCLUSIONSTN breast cancer haa some specific clinical characteristics. The prognosis of TN patients is worse than that of NTN patients. Further study is needed to find individualized treatment for TN breast cancer patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Prognosis ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Analysis ; Young Adult

Hemochromatosis ; metabolism ; Humans ; Iron Overload ; Liver ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of telaprevir combined with peginterferon alfa (Peg-IFNa) plus ribavirin (RBV) (collectively, TPR therapy) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) using a meta-analysis approach.

METHODSThe Pubmed literature database was searched for randomized controlled trials of TRP therapy in CHC patients published between 2009 and 2011. The following outcome data was extracted for meta-analysis of efficacy: sustained virological response (SVR), defined as serum HCV RNA of less than 1000 copies/ml at end-of-treatment (week 24); rapid virological response (RVR), defined as serum HCV RNA of less than 1000 copies/ml at treatment week 4; recurrence, defined as serum HCV RNA of less than 1000 copies/mL at end-of-treatment and more than 1000 copies/ml at follow-up (week 24 after treatment completion). The pooled odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) were calculated, with 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed by the Chi-squared test based on the Q statistic.

RESULTSSix studies of TPR triple therapy, representing a total of 2677 CHC patients, were included in the meta-analysis. Among the 1850 patients who received TPR, 56.3% (n = 1041) achieved RVR, 66.8% (n = 1235) achieved SVR, and 12.1% (n = 176/1460) experienced recurrence. Among the 827 patients who received PR double-therapy, 7.0% (n = 58) achieved RVR, 35.8% (n = 296) achieved SVR, and 32.3% (n = 145/449) experienced recurrence. The TRP group had significantly higher rates of RVR (OR = 29.83, 95% CI: 16.16 to 55.05) and SVR (OR = 3.97, 95% CI: 2.58 to 6.11) than the PR group (both P less than 0.01), and significantly lower rate of recurrence (RR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.56, P less than 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe therapeutic effect of research group is better than that of control group, suggesting that ornithine aspartate combined with naloxone treatment in hepatic encephalopathy is worthy of promoting.

Drug Therapy, Combination ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Oligopeptides ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Ribavirin ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome