Objective: To investigate the status of fatigue in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, analyze the correlation between fatigue and uncertainty and hope, and establish a multiple regression model to discuss the dependence between fatigue and uncertainty and hope situation in MHD Patients. Methods: A convenient sampling method was used to select 150 patients with renal failure who were treated with MHD in the hemodialysis center of a third-class general hospital in Tianjin from June to September, 2018. The demographic data and disease data of the patients were collected with self-designed general data questionnaire. The patients were assessed with Piper Fatigue Revision Scale, Disease Uncertainty Scale and Herth Hope Scale. Results: The results showed that the total fatigue score of MHD patients was 4.37 ± 1.17, belonging to the moderate level, with the highest score (4.95±1.35) in behavioral dimension, and the lowest score (3.48 ± 1.37) in cognitive dimension. The results showed that the score of fatigue were different in MHD patients of different ages, marital status, educational level, work status, primary disease, and the number of complications (P<0.05). The results of correlation analysis showed that the score of fatigue in MHD patients was positively correlated with the total score of uncertainty and its dimensions (r = 0.231-0.634, P<0.05). The fatigue level of MHD patients was negatively correlated with the total score of hope and its dimensions (r=-0.608- -0.323, P<0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that the independent variables entering the regression equation included marital status, number of complications, disease uncertainty and hope level score. And the determination coefficient R² was 0.530,the adjusted determination coefficient was 0.501, F=18.454, P=0.000, which had statistical significance. Conclusions The fatigue level of MHD patients is moderate, and the score of fatigue in behavioral dimension is the highest, which is influenced by age, marital status, education, work condition, primary disease and the number of complications. The level of fatigue in MHD patients was positively correlated with disease uncertainty and its dimensions, and negatively correlated with the level of hope and its dimensions.

Objective To observe the dynamic changes of hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury ( IRI) by contrast enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) in rabbit model and investigate its clinical value . Methods Sixty rabbits were randomly assigned into seven groups :sham operation group and 6 hepatic IRI groups ( 0 .5 h ,2 h ,6 h ,12 h ,24 h ,72 h) . The rabbits of hepatic IRI group established as follows :the hepatic artery , portalvein and bile duct in the portal triad to the left liver lobes were interrupted for 60 min with a vascular clip and then reflow the blood . The perfusion imaging of left liver lobe was observed and then the peak signal Intensinty ( PI) ,time to peak intensinty ( Tp) ,area under the curve ( AUC) ,and mean transit time ( MTT ) were calculated . The rabbits were sacrificed and blood samples were withdrawn for the measurement of liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase ( AST) and alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) ,liver samples from the left lateral were collected for the measurement of myeloperoxidase ( MPO) and histologic examination . The correlation between parameters of CEUS and the test results above were analyzed . Results There were significant differences in the parameters of CEUS between hepatic IRI group and sham group ( P < 0 .001) . PI and AUC showed a decreased tendency and the lowest values were measured in the 24 h group .Tp and MTT showed a upward tendency and the maximum values were measured in the 24 h group . The parameters of CEUS showed correlation with ALT ,AST and MPO ( P < 0 .001 ) . AUC showed significant correlation with ALT ,AST and MPO ( r = - 0 .702 , - 0 .802 , - 0 .846 ;all P < 0 .001 ) . Conclusions CEUS can assess liver functional and pathological changes in the process of hepatic IRI in real-time ,dynamically ,rapidly ,noninvasively and objectively . It is expected to replace the invasive pathological inspection . AUC is the best index for evaluating hepatic IRI in parameters of CEUS .

Objective:To study the characteristics and influence factors of laboratory test results of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Tianjin.Methods:Sample collection was conducted based on the standard operating procedure. Tianlong automatic magnetic bead nucleic acid extraction reagent was used for RNA extraction. Real-time RT-PCR was performed using four approved COVID-19 nucleic acid detection kits. Related epidemiological data of the cases were collected. One-way analysis of variance and non-parametric test for inter-group differences analysis were conducted using SPSS25.0 software.Results:A total of 162 PCR tests were completed for novel coronavirus nucleic acid detection in 123 confirmed COVID-19 cases. Eleven PCR results were positive for a single target gene and 10 of which were positive for nucleocapsid protein (N) gene. Nineteen cases were tested with two kinds of nucleic acid detection kits and the results of different detection kits were different. Different types of samples were collected form 13 cases for nucleic acid detection and the results showed that the Ct value of sputum sample was lower than that of throat swab sample. No significant difference in Ct values of throat swab samples was observed among patients with different clinical symptoms ( PCt-N=0.797, PCt-ORF1a/b=0.551). The 123 cases were divided into different groups according to the time interval between the onset date and the date of the first positive detection of viral nucleic acid. No significant difference in Ct values of throat swab samples was observed among different time interval groups ( PCt-N=0.373, PCt-ORF1a/b=0.058). Conclusions:Sputum samples were better than upper respiratory tract samples for viral nucleic acid detection. The sensitivity of N gene detection was higher, but re-sampling was needed when the result was positive for the single target N gene. Appropriate detection kits should be selected according to the actual needs, and samples should be collected at multiple time points, in multiple types and form multiple sites for detection.

Aspergillus fumigatus ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Interleukin-1beta ; Keratitis ; Receptors, IgE ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Tumor Necrosis Factors

Aim To explore the effeet of soy isofla- vones (SI) on p-amyloid 1 -42 ( Ap, _42 ) -induced hippocampal neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis and the underlying mechanism.Methods The prima¬ry hippocampal neurons cultured in vitro were divided into control group (control), Ap,_42 treatment group f model) , SI low-dose group ( Sl-L, 10 mg • L 1 ) , and SI medium-dose group (SI-M, 20 mg • L_l ) and SI high-dose group (SI-H, 40 mg • L 1 ).The model group was treated with 30 (xmol • L"1 Ap, _42 for 48 h; the SI-L, SI-M and SI-H groups were treated with SI for 2 hours, and Ap,_42 was treated for 48 h; the con¬trol group was routinely cultured for 48 h.MTT method was used to detect the survival rate of hippocampal neurons; TUNEL staining was used to detect the apop¬tosis rate of hippocampal neurons; Western blot was used to detect COX-2, TNF-a, NF-kB p65 , P-NF-kB p65, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 protein expression levels.Results Compared with the control group, the surviv¬ al rate of hippocampal neurons was significantly re- duced (P <0.01) , and the apoptotie rate significantly increased (P<0.01).COX-2, TNF-a, p-NF-KB p65 , caspase-3 protein expressions markedly increased (P <0.05 or P <0.01 ) , and the expression of Bcl-2 protein significantly decreased in the model group ( P <0.01 ).Compared with the model group, the surviv¬al rate of hippocampal neurons, Bcl-2 protein in-creased, and the apoptotic rate, the expression of COX-2, TNF-a, p-NF-KB p65 , caspase-3 protein de¬creased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ) in SI each dose group.Conclusion SI can reduce the hippocampal neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis induced by APi _42 by inhibiting the activation of NF-kB p65 signa¬ling pathway.

Objective: To explore the evaluation of joint injury by HEAD-US-C (Hemophilic Early Arthropathy Detection with UltraSound in China, HEAD-US-C) in patients with moderate or severe hemophilia A treated with prophylaxis vs on-demand. Methods: The patients from June 2015 to July 2017 with moderate or severe hemophilia A were examined by ultrasound imaging of the elbows, knees and ankles; Meanwhile the HEAD-US-C ultrasound assessment scale and hemophilia joint health score scale 2.1 (HJHS2.1) were used to score the joint status. The correlation between the HEAD-US-C and HJHS score was performed in prophylaxis group and on-demand group patients, respectively. Results: A total of 925 cases of joint ultrasonography were conducted in 70 patients with moderate or severe hemophilia A. Among patients with moderate hemophilia, the median (IQR) of HEAD-US-C score and HJHS score in on-demand group were significantly higher than those in the prophylaxis group[1 (0, 6) vs 0.5 (0, 3) , z=0.177, P=0.046],[2 (0, 4) vs 2 (0, 3) z=0.375, P=0.007], even though there was no significant difference of the median (IQR) number of annualized target joints bleeding episodes between on-demand and prophylaxis groups[1 (0, 7) vs 1 (0, 5) , z=1.271, P=0.137]. Unlike in moderate cases, on-demand treatment group had more annualized target joints bleeding episodes than prophylaxis group among patients with severe hemophilia[3 (0, 8) vs 2 (0, 8) , z=0.780 P=0.037]. The prophylaxis group compared favorably with on-demand therapy group in terms of HEAD-US-C score[1 (0, 6) vs 4 (0, 7) , z=2.189, P=0.008], and HJHS score[2 (0, 5) , 4 (1, 6) , z=3646, P<0.001]for the severe hemophilia patients. The positive correlation between HEAD-US-C score and HJHS score was identified (P<0.05) , whether on-demand treatment or prophylaxis groups. The correlation coefficient between HEAD-US-C score and HJHS score in on-demand treatment and prophylaxis groups were 0.739 (95% CI 0.708-0.708) , 0.865 (95% CI 0.848-0.848) respectively, and 95% CI didn't overlap (P<0.05) , indicating that the correlation coefficient in prophylaxis group had stronger correlation than that in on-demand group. Conclusions: Clinical effects of prophylaxis were significantly better than those of on-demand treatment in patients with moderate or se-vere haemophilia A. HEAD-US-C scoring system could effectively evaluate joints damage in hemophilia A patients treated with on-demand or prophylaxis, companied by significantly positive correlation with HJHS clinical evaluation system, and provided objective index for clinical effect assessment.
China ; Hemophilia A ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Joint Diseases ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUNDWith the progress of perinatal medicine and neonatal technology, more and more extremely low birth weight (ELBW) survived all over the world. This study was designed to investigate the short-term outcomes of ELBW infants during their Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) stay in the mainland of China.

METHODSAll infants admitted to 26 NICUs with a birth weight (BW) < l000 g were included between January l, 2011 and December 31, 2011. All the data were collected retrospectively from clinical records by a prospectively designed questionnaire. The data collected from each NICU transmitted to the main institution where the results were aggregated and analyzed. Categorical variables were performed with Pearson Chi-square test. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to detect risk factors.

RESULTSA total of 258 ELBW infants were admitted to 26 NICUs, of whom the mean gestational age (GA) was 28.1 ± 2.2 weeks, and the mean BW was 868 ± 97 g. The overall survival rate at discharge was 50.0%. Despite aggressive treatment 60 infants (23.3%) died and another 69 infants (26.7%) died after medical care withdrawal. Furthermore, the survival rate was significantly higher in coastal areas than inland areas (53.6% vs. 35.3%, P = 0.019). BW < 750 g and GA < 28 weeks were the largest risk factors, and being small for gestational age was a protective factor related to mortality. Respiratory distress syndrome was the most common complication. The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity was 26.2%, 33.7%, 6.7%, 48.1%, and 41.4%, respectively. Ventilator associated pneumonia was the most common hospital acquired infection during hospitalization.

CONCLUSIONSOur study was the first survey that revealed the present status of ELBW infants in the mainland of China. The mortality and morbidity of ELBW infants remained high as compared to other developed countries.

China ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Morbidity ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn ; mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires

AIM: To investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 injection combined with inosine tablets and vitamin B1 on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF), pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide(PACAP)and clinical efficacy in primary retinitis pigmentosa.METHODS: A total of 50 patients(100 eyes)with primary retinitis pigmentosa who admitted to the Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from August 2019 to March 2022 were selected as the research object. They were divided into the study group and the control group according to random number table, with 50 eyes in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with inosine tablets and vitamin B1, while patients in the study group were treated with ginsenoside Rg1 injection on the basis of the control group. The expression of BDNF and PACAP in serum, electroretinogram and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)were compared before and after treatment, and the retinal thickness(RT), mean deviation(MD), clinical efficacy and safety indexes were compared between the two groups.RESULTS: There were no differences in the MD of the two groups before treatment(t=1.670, P=0.098), while the MD of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group after treatment(t=3.628, P<0.01). Before treatment, RT with a diameter of 1mm at the circle of macular fovea was compared between the two groups(t=0.108, P=0.914), it was significantly higher than that in the control group after treatment(t=6.125, P<0.01). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the results of dark adaptation of electroretinogram between the two groups(all P>0.05). After treatment, the results of dark adaptation in the study group were significantly better than those in the control group(all P<0.01). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the results of electroretinogram adaptation between the two groups(all P>0.05). After treatment, the results of electroretinogram adaptation in the study group were significantly better than those in the control group(all P<0.01). There was no significant difference in BDNF and PACAP between the two groups before treatment(all P>0.05). BDNF and PACAP in the study group were higher than those of the control group after treatment(all P<0.01). After treatment, no adverse reactions were observed in both groups.CONCLUSION: The treatment of patients with primary retinitis pigmentosa with ginsenoside will improve the retinal function and promote the prognosis of the disease by regulating the expression of BDNF and PACAP, and it is highly safe.

Aim To investigate the effects of Cichorium glandulosum N-butanol extraction site (C G E) on hepatic fibrosis (H F) in SD rats and to determine the content of the main effective component matricin. Methods HPLC method was used to determine the content of matricin in CGE. The SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, CGE low-dose groups, medium-dose and high-dose, and curcumin group. In addition to control group rats' back subcutaneous injection (s c) normal saline, rats in the other groups were treated with body weight sc 40 % CC1