The complex level of constructing biopharmaceutics classification system of Chinese materia medica CMMBCS) was the study of traditional Chinese compound, on the premise of insisting that the multicomponent simultaneous determination, when carrying out the study of intestinal permeability, the primary task was to define the source of the components that was absorbed through the intestinal wall, namely, which medicinal material the components belonged to in traditional Chinese compound. The technology of chemical fingerprint and in vitro everted gut sac model were used in this research to make multicomponent an intuitive source attribution which permeated the intestine in the classic formula Gegen Qinlian decoction, and to lay the foundation for the further qualitative and quantitative research of intestinal permeability.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Intestines ; metabolism ; Male ; Permeability ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of cyclopamine on the proliferation and apoptosis of LNCaP cells and the expression of the PCA3 gene in human prostate cancer in vitro.

METHODSLNCaP cells were treated with cyclopamine at the concentrations of 1, 5, 10 and 15 micromol/L for 24, 48 and 72 hours. The inhibitory effects of cyclopamine on the proliferation and apoptosis of the LNCaP cells were detected by MTT and flow cytometry respectively, the morphological changes of the cells observed by Hoechst 33258 staining, and the expression of the PCA3 gene determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (FQ-RT-PCR).

RESULTSCompared with the blank control group, cyclopamine significantly inhibited the proliferation of the LNCaP cells at 5, 10 and 15 micromol/L (P <0.01), reaching IC50 at 10 micro mol/L at 48 hours. The apoptosis rates of the LNCaP cells at 24, 48 and 72 hours were 37.21%, 57.38% and 57.98% in the 10 micromol/L group and 21. 16% , 71.31% and 72.90% in the 15 micro.mol/L group, significantly different from those in the control (P <0. 01). The cell apoptosis showed a rising trend with the increase of cyclopamine concentration and acting-time, while the expression of the PCA3 gene was decreasing with the increased concentration of cyclopamine, significantly lower than that of the blank control group (P <0.01) , and extremely low in the 10 micromo/L group

CONCLUSIONCyclopamine intervention at 10 and 15 micromol/L for 48 and 72 hours could significantly inhibit the at all time points. Proliferation and induce the apoptosis of LNCaP cells and reduce the expression level of PCA3.

Antigens, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Veratrum Alkaloids ; pharmacology

The evaluation of permeability in biopharmaceutics classification system of Chinese materia medica (CMMBCS) requires multicomponent as a whole in order to conduct research, even in the study of a specific component, should also be put in the multicomponent environment. Based on this principle, the high content components in Gegen Qinlian decoction were used as multicomponent environmental impact factors in the experiment, and the relevant parameters of intestinal permeability about puerarin were measured with using in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion model, to investigate and evaluate the intestinal permeability of puerarin with other high content components. The experimental results showed that different proportions of baicalin, glycyrrhizic acid and berberine had certain influence on intestinal permeability of puerarin, and glycyrrhizic acid could significantly inhibit the intestinal absorption of puerarin, moreover, high concentration of berberine could promote the absorption of puerarin. The research results indicated that the important research ideas of permeability evaluation in biopharmaceutics classification system of Chinese materia medica with fully considering the effects of other ingredients in multicomponent environment.
Animals ; Berberine ; pharmacokinetics ; Biopharmaceutics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Flavonoids ; pharmacokinetics ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; pharmacokinetics ; Intestines ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Isoflavones ; pharmacokinetics ; Kinetics ; Male ; Materia Medica ; pharmacokinetics ; Permeability ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect and safety of L-carnitine in the treatment of idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia based on current clinical evidence.

METHODSWe searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CNKI, VIP, CBM and Wanfang Database from the establishment to April 2014 for the published literature on the treatment of idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia with L-carnitine. We conducted literature screening, data extraction, and assessment of the methodological quality of the included trials according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, followed by statistical analysis with the RevMan 5. 2 software.

RESULTSSeven randomized controlled trials involving 751 patients with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia met the inclusion criteria, and 678 of them were included in the meta-analysis. L-carnitine treatment achieved a significantly increased rate of spontaneous pregnancy as compared with the control group (RR = 3.2, 95% CI 1.74 to 5.87, P = 0.0002). After 12-16 and 24-26 weeks of medication, total sperm motility (WMD = 5.21, 95% CI 2.78 to 7.64, P < 0.0001 and WMD = 9.29, 95% CI 1.28 to 17.29, P = 0.02) and the percentage of progressively motile sperm (WMD = 12.44, 95% CI 4.58 to 20.31, P = 0.002 and WMD = 9.76, 95% CI 3.56 to 15.97, P = 0.002) were remarkably higher than those in the control group, but no statistically significant differences were observed in sperm concentration between the two groups (WMD = 4.91, 95% CI -2.63 to 12.45, P = 0.2 and WMD = 0.93, 95% CI -3.48 to 5.34, P = 0.68). After 12-16 weeks of treatment, the percentage of morphologically abnormal sperm was markedly decreased in the L-carnitine group as compared with the control (WMD = -2.48, 95% CI -4.35 to -0.61, P = 0.009), but showed no significant difference from the latter group after 24-26 weeks (WMD = -4.38, 95% CI -9.66 to 0.89, P = 0.1). No statistically significant difference was found in the semen volume between the two groups after 12-16 or 24-26 weeks of medication (WMD = -0.13, 95% CI -0.43 to 0.18, P = 0.42 and WMD = 0.28, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.58, P = 0.07). No serious L-carnitine-related adverse events were reported in 4 of the randomniized controlled trials.

CONCLUSIONThe current evidence indicates that L-carnitine can improve spontaneous pregnancy and semen parameters in the treatment of idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia, with no serious adverse reactions.

Asthenozoospermia ; drug therapy ; Carnitine ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Semen Analysis ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility

Objective: Cell cycle has recently become more appealing as a new target of anti-carcinogen-ic agent. Diallyl disulfide (DADS) inhibits growth and induces call cycle G_2/M arrest in human gastric cancer BGC823 cells. Cell division cycle protein 25C (Cdc25C) and CyclinB1 expression are involved in G_2/M arrest.However, mechanisms of G_2/M arrest are not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of cell cycle G_2/M arrest in human gastric cancer BGC823 cells induced by DADS. Methods: The expression of chk1 and Chk2 mRNA associated with cell cycle arrest of BGC823 cells after the induction with DADS for 1 or 2 days was detected by RT-PCR. The protein expression of cycle-related proteins ATM-RAD3-related gene (ATR), checkpoint kinase1 (Chk1), checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2), P-ATR, P-Chk1 and P-Chk2 was measured by Western blot. Interaction between Chk1/2 and Cdc25C was analyzed by immuno-precipitation. Results: After the cells were treated with 15 mg/L DADS for 1 or 2 days, the expression of Chk1 and Chk2 mRNA was not significantly different from that in untreated cells (P>0.05). Western blot analysis showed that the expression of total Chk1 and Chk2 treated with 15 mg/L DADS was not significantly different from that in untreated cells. But phospho-chk1 showed a significant increase after stimulation with 15 mg/L DADS for 2h to 12h and continued to increase gradually as time went on (P<0.05). Phospho-Chk2 showed a eak expression and a weaker expression after stimulation with DADS, but the changes were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Addition of 15 mg/L DADS to BGC823 cells for 15 rain to 120 min resulted in an increase in phospho-ATR expression, whereas no changes were found in ATR expression (P<0.05). The Chk1 Ab in-creasingly precipitated Cdc25C in BGC823 cells treated with DADS (P<0.05). In contrast, Chk2 Ab failed to change precipitation with Cdc25C by DADS (P>0.05). Conclusion: Activation of chk1 was involved in cell cy-cle G_2/M arrest in BGC823 cells treated with DADS. Cell cycle G_2/M arrest by DADS is associated with phos-phorylation of several cell cycle regulatory proteins including ATR and Chk1 which regulate expression of Cdc25C.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the influence of periodontal ligament (PDL) injury on initial stability for immediately loaded mini-implant anchorage.

METHODSThe sample consisted of 153 adult patients with maxillary protrusion deformity. Guiding by the positioning device designed by Choi, 306 mini-implants were inserted by self-tapping in the upper right and left buccal areas between the first molars and second premolars. The mini-implants were divided into two groups according to CT scanning. The mini-implant was absolutely separated from PDL (group I), the mini-implant appeared to touch or overlay on PDL, but not contact to the adjacent roots (group II). If orthodontic force could be applied to the mini-implants for four months, the mini-implant was recorded as successful anchorage. After immediate loading for four months, the analyses were completed by SPSS 9.0 software.

RESULTSOf the 306 inserted mini-implants, 162 were absolutely separated from PDL, 136 appeared to touch or overlay on PDL, but not contact to the adjacent roots, and 8 were excluded from this study because of injury to the adjacent root. The success rates of group I and II were 87.0% and 65.4% respectively. There were significant differences in the success rates between the two groups (P<0.001). The differences between the two groups in distribution of the upper right and left area had statistical significance (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONPDL injury is one of the main reasons leading to early loosening of the mini-implant.

Adult ; Bicuspid ; Dental Implants ; Humans ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures ; Orthodontic Appliance Design ; Periodontal Ligament ; Tooth Root

OBJECTIVETo investigate the diagnostic value of serum islet autoantibody-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA) and islet cell antibody (ICA) in patients with hepatogenic diabetes.

METHODSSerum GADA and ICA were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 217 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CH) or liver cirrhosis (LC). The positivity rate of GADA and ICA in different phases of CH and LC and their relations with diabetes mellitus were analyzed.

RESULTSThe positivity rate of the islet autoantibody in the circulation was 72% in CH and LC patients with diabetes mellitus and 30% in patients with normal glucose level, showing significant difference between the two patient groups (Chi2=36.620, P=0.000). CH patients with diabetes had much higher positivity rate for the antibody [52% than type 2 diabetic patients with liver dysfunction [8%, P<0.05]. The positivity rate was also much higher in CH and LC patients with lowered C peptide level [70%] than in those with normal C peptide level [40%, P<0.005].

CONCLUSIONBoth GADA and ICA have important value in the diagnosis of hepatogenic diabetes and may serve as indexed in laboratory test for distinguishing hepatogenic diabetes from type 2 diabetes.

Adult ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; complications ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Glutamate Decarboxylase ; immunology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; Humans ; Islets of Langerhans ; immunology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests

Adult ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; surgery ; Fibula ; transplantation ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Comminuted ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

The prescription combinations of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) focuses on the taste and channel tropism, the Qi movement, as well as the compatibility according to multiple combination principles and medicinal property and flavor combination of several traditional Chinese medicines. With the in-depth study on the prescription compatibility, researchers have realized that the medicinal property theory is the core of TCM combinations. However, there is no definite method for combinations based on medicinal properties. In this paper, the authors put forward an method for designing prescription combinations based on bipartite graph and the greedy algorithm. With the medicinal property combinations of Siweilurong Pills for example, the authors proved this method could provide ideas for quickly choosing herbal medicines for prescription combinations, and discussed the prospect of this method in substituting previous and endangered herbal medicines and banned medicinal materials.
Algorithms ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy

Questionnaire survey was conducted among thirty traditional Chinese pharmaceutical companies nationwide. We studied the following factors and how they impose the significance on the culture of big brands, namely, the policies, the access to market, the specialty of the product, the foundation of research, the market, the salesmanship, the resource insurance of product and the security. And these could be referred when the enterprises cultivate the big brands. The findings show that interviewees and different firms hold various opinions on the factors of culture of the big brands. The policies and the access to market always attract the most attention for the enterprises, and whether the product is classified into the catalogue of health insurance or into the basic medicinal directory plays a pivotal role in the development of big brand. The uniqueness of the product can be regarded as a natural advantage, the construction of team of academic experts is more and more emphasized on the development of the product, and the security of the product deserves increasing attention.
Administrative Personnel ; Drug Industry ; economics ; organization & administration ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; economics ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development