Objective To explore the polymorphisms of serotonin transporter gene-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) and cognitive function in patients with subcortical ischemic depression (SID). Methods A battery of neuropsychological tests including Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to evaluate depression and cognitive function for all enrolled subjects. And the distribution frequency of 5-HTTLPR-promoter region polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 60 SID patients and 60 health controls. Results There were significant differences in 5-HTTLPR genotypes and alleles between SID group and control group (χ2=7.833, χ2=6.290, both P＜0.05).The SID group showed higher genotype SS than did the control group (58.3% vs. 23.3%) and higher allele S (68.3% vs. 52.5%) but lower genotype LL (16.7% vs. 23.3%) and allele L (31.7% vs. 47.5%). SID group had lower MoCA score than did the control group [(23.63±1.59) scores vs. (27.25±1.59) scores, t=12.44, P＜0.01]. Conclusions The polymorphism of 5-HTTLPR gene may play an important role as a nosogenesis of SID. The frequency of SS genotype may be associated with SID especially in females, having more cognitive impairment. The genotype LL and allele L may be a protective factor for depression symptoms of SID.

[Objective]To discuss the failure and countermeasure of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy fixer for treatment of limb fracture.[Method]A retrospective survey was performed in 259 cases with fracture treated by Ni-Ti shape memory alloy fixer.Eight cases of the fixer had been ruptured,risen,loosen after operation.[Result]The failure case of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy fixer for treatment of limb fracture were 8 case in 259 case.There were one case of ulna and two cases of femur fracture had be ruptured after the first operation,healing up after the second operation.The fixer has been risen of shoulder bone and femur fracture in each one and two cases of clavicle,the fracture has be malformation concrescence.One case of patella fracture was loosn after concrescence.[Conclusion]The requisite for Ni-Ti shape memory alloy fixer is needed for treatment of limb fracture,the right operation's condition,the best type and length are selected for different part,the convalescent exercise is regnired after operation to avoid failure of treatment.

Objective To compare the difference among DNA damages in physics processes caused by protons with different energies around Bragg peak.Methods By constructing the nucleus and DNA model using Geant4 and simulating the transportation processes of protons with different energies around Bragg peak in nucleus model based on Geant4-DNA,the information of interaction points were recorded.16％ of them were picked randomly to use as the points at which protons interact with DNA.After finding out the points which broke the DNA and writing their information to new files,these new files were treated with density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN),so as to analyze and calculate the difference of DNA damages caused by protons with different energies.Results With the protons with energies from 20.0 to 0.6 MeV,the numbers of damage points and damage clusters increased from 49.86 to 549.88 and from 2.92 to 82.46,respectively;the numbers of clusters with different sizes had a remarkable increase,and the number of clusters with size not less than 5 increased by 400 times.The average cluster size increased slightly.Simple single strand breaks (SSSBs),complex single strand breaks (CSSBs),simple double strand breaks (SDSBs) and complex double strand breaks (CDSBs) of DNA increased by about 8,26,24 and 64 times,respectively.The proportion of single strand breaks (SSBs) decreased from 96.69％ to 89.37％,and the double strand breaks (DSBs) increased from 3.31％ to 10.63％.Conclusions The lower proton energy would result in the more complex damage to DNA and the harder repair of DNA damage.

BACKGROUND:As an oral anticoagulant drug, many experiments have proved that rivaroxaban can prevent the deep venous thromboembolism after the hip arthroplasty. The foreign literatures indicate that it can significantly reduce the incidence of deep venous thromboembolism after extending the treatment course to 35 days. But there is no significant conclusion at home, and the safety of drugs after extentding the course has not been confirmed. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban versus low-molecular-weight heparin for the prevention of deep venous thrombosis after the hip arthroplasty. METHODS:106 patients with primary unilateral hip arthroplasty in the Second Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University between March 2011 and September 2012 were selected. The patients were randomly divided into rivaroxaban group and low-molecular-weight heparin group. The patients in two groups were given drugs at 6 hours after replacement, the patients in the rivaroxaban group were given rivaroxaban 10 mg/d with the course of 5 weeks;the patients in the low-molecular-weight heparin group were given low-molecular-weight heparin 4 100 U/d with the course of 2 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The review and fol ow-up results showed there was no deep vein thrombosis or symptoms of deep vein thrombosis in patients of the rivaroxaban group after replacement, while seven cases (13%) of deep vein thrombosis were observed in the low-molecular-weight heparin group, and there was significant difference in the incidence rate of deep vein thrombosis between two groups (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in venous blood hemoglobin level, platelet level and coagulation function before and after replacement, as wel as the drainage volume and subcutaneous ecchymosis area after replacement of the patients received unilateral hip arthroplasty between two groups (P>0.05). The results indicate that ful course of rivaroxaban has clear effect and reliable security in the prevention of deep venous thrombosis after hip arthroplasty.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with different molecular subtypes of breast cancer.Methods A cohort of 716 breast cancer patients which had clear immunohistochemical detection were investiged.Their molecular subtypes were categorized as Luminal A,Luminal B,HER-2 over-expressing and basal-like subtypes,based on detection of ER,PR,HER-2 expression,and the clinical data including characteristics,relapse,prognosis and prognostic factors of the patients with different subtypes of breast cancer were analyzed retrospectively.Results There were no significant differences among different molecular subtypes at the age,menopausal status,production times,clinical stage,and radiation therapy(P ＞0.05).There were significant differences among different molecular subtypes at axillary lymph node starus (x2 =17.208,P =0.001),turner size (x2 =20.528,P =0.000) and operation method (x2 =24.242,P =0.000) and chemotherapy regimens (x2 =10.711,P =0.013).Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that clinical stage (x2 =17.005,P =0.002),axillary lymph node status (x2 =11.267,P =0.000) and molecular typing(x2 =125.634,P =0.000) were independent prognostic factors affecting long-term survisal rate.Conclusion Breast cancer patients in different subtypes have different long-term survival rate.The patients in basal-like subtype have the worst long-term survival rate.Molecular subtypes may provide important information to predict the prognosis of breast cancer.

BACKGROUND:Nowadays, the internal fixation materials for the clinical treatment of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures are broadly divided into two categories:intramedul ary fixation system and
extramedul ary fixation system. However, the effects of the treatments usual y lack of macro evaluation.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the effect of intramedul ary fixation system and extramedul ary internal fixation system in the treatment of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures.
METHODS:217 patients with unstable femoral intertrochanteric fracture (Evans typing: Ⅲ type to Ⅴ type and R type) were treated by using intramedul ary fixation system and extramedul ary internal fixation system:18
cases were treated with dynamic condylar screw, 67 cases were treated with dynamic hip screw, 43 cases were treated with reconstruction nail, 72 cases were treated with proximal femoral anti-rotation blade nail, and 17 cases were treated with new generation of antegrade interlocking intramedul ary nail. The operative time, length of
incision, blood loss, time in bed, fracture healing time, complications and Harris hip score were analyzed and compared.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the aspects of operative time, blood loss, time in bed, complications and
Harris hip score, the intramedul ary fixation system was superior to extramedul ary internal fixation system. But there were significant differences in the aspects of length of incision and fracture healing time between two
methods. The results showed that the treatment of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures by using
intramedul ary fixation system was better than the extramedul ary internal fixation system, as the intramedul ary fixation system could effectively shorten the operative time and reduce blood loss. This stable and reliable fixation enables patients to take early postoperative functional exercise, and could significantly shorten the time in bed and reduce the incidence of complications and it is conducive to postoperative hip function recovery.
Therefore, intramedul ary fixation system is an ideal method for the treatment of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures.

Age Determination by Skeleton ; Body Height ; drug effects ; Child ; Child Development ; drug effects ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; methods ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Growth Hormone ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Menarche ; Puberty, Precocious ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the clinical feature,image of CT scan pulmonary,diagnosis and treatment response in children with pulmonary cavity,and discuss the method of diagnosis and the tactics of treatment for pulmonary cavity in children.Methods A retrospective study of 6 patients with pulmonary cavity,who were diagnosed and treated from Jul. 2003 to Oct. 2009 in Department of Pediatrics of the First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University.The clinical manifestations,laboratory tests,image of CT scan pulmonary,microbiological evidence,diagnostic procedure and treatment response were collected and evaluated.Results Six patients all didn′t have history of lung di-sease,there were 4 boys and 2 girls,8-15 years old,average age was 10.5 years old.Two cases of them had unrelated pulmonary underlying diseases,1 case had hyperthyroidism,and the other had juvenile idiopathic arthritis and had complication of macrophage activation syndrome,the other 4 cases had no obvious history.All cases had fever (38-40 ℃),3 cases had cough and 1 case had chest pain.Staphylococcus aureus were cultured in 2 cases,no bacteria was cultured in other 4 cases;the count of white blood cell decreased in 2 cases and increased in 4 cases;C-reactive protein increased in 5 cases and was normal in 1 case;plasma IgE level increased in 2 cases and was normal in other 4 cases;plasma 1,3-beta-D-glucan of all 6 cases were negative.Pulmonary cavities were found in the first CT scan of the lungs in 5 cases and only 1 case of patient′s pulmonary cavities was found in the second CT scan of the lung.Five cases were diagnosed infective causes,1 case was diagnosed noninfectious cause,5 cases of infective causes had been treated with anti-microbial drugs for at least 1 week,1 case of noninfectious cause were treated with methylprednisolone cobined cyclosporin A for 2 weeks.Pulmonary CT scan was rechecked in all cases,and the state of the cases were improved before discharged from hospital.Conclusions The causes of pulmonary cavity in children are not only infective factors,but also some non-infective disease,especially some changes of image of pulmonary CT scan has diagnostic value,detailed past medical history and appropriate rechecking of chest radiographic check are very necessary for diagnosis,according to the result of microbial inspection and evaluation of treatment effect in time and then adjust the treatment protocols.

AIM: To investigate the effect of peribulbar anesthesia on intraocular pressure(IOP)and ocular amplitude pulse(OPA).METHODS: Thirty-two consecutive adult patients with monocular cataract enrolled in this study. IOP and OPA were measured with dynamic contour tonometer(DCT)before and 3, 10 minutes after administration of lidocaine anesthesia. Data were analyzed with software SPSS 11.5.RESULTS: The IOP remained stable in the injected eyes and the non-injected eyes after administration of lidocaine anesthesia. The OPA was significantly decreased after injection of anesthesia agent in the injected eyes. The OPA in the non-injected eyes increased significantly 3 minutes after injection of the anesthesia agent, returning to preinjection level 10 minutes after the injection.CONCLUSION: Peribulbar anesthesia leads to decrease of OPA and shows no effect on IOP in the injected eyes.

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of thalidomide on the growth of human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 cells in vitro, and to explore the curative possibility of hepatocellular carcinoma with thalidomide.

METHODSSMMC-7721 cells were treated with Thalidomide at different concentrations. The cell growth and proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. DNA ladder, apoptosis rate and changes of cell nuclei were studied by agarose electrophresis, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression of caspase-3 was analyzed with flow cytometry. The VEGF content of SMMC-7721 cells in culture medium was tested by ELSIA.

RESULTSWhen the concentration of Thalidomide solution was increased from 3.125 microg/ml to 200 microg/ml, the cell growth was inhibited by from 11.7% to 34.2%. Compared with the control group, the thalidomide solution at a concentration of 25, 50, 100 and 200 microg/ml solution significantly inhibited the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells (P < 0.05). A ladder pattern of DNA fragments appeared after SMMC-7721 cells exposed to 200 microg/ml thalidomide for 24 h, especially for 48 h. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that the cell nuclei were condensed and fragmented after the cells were exposed to 200 microg/ml thalidomide for 48 h. In cells treated with 200 microg/ml thalidomide for 12, 24, 48 and 72 h, the apoptotic rate was 3.1% +/- 0.5%, 8.4% +/- 1.3%, 19.4% +/- 3.5% and 25.8% +/- 2.1%, respectively, significantly higher than that in the negative control group 1.6% +/- 0.6%. The cells treated with thalidomide at a concentration of 50, 100, 200 microg/ml for 48 h, the apoptotic rate was 8.7% +/- 1.2%, 16.8% +/- 2.5% and 25.4% +/- 4.5%, respectively, increasing in a dose-dependent manner, also significantly than that in the cells of control group 2.1% +/- 0.5%, (all were P < 0.05). The caspase-3 positivity of SMMC-7721 cells treated with thalidomide was increasing along with the increase of treatment time or drug concentration, but not in the control cells. The VEGF content in SMMC-7721 cells was lowering when thalidomide was used in an increasing concentration.

CONCLUSIONUnder the conditions used in this study, thalidomide can inhibit the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells in vitro. Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis may be possibly two mechanisms for its anticancer action.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Thalidomide ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism