Objective To investigate the clinical effect of high dose of calcitriol on end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). Methods The clinical data of patients with ESRDcomplicated with SHPT were retrospectively analyzed. According to the treatment method were divided into control group and observation group, the control group were given conventional dose of calcitriol treatment, the observation group were treated with high dose of calcitriol. The differences of calcium and phosphorus levels, parathyroid hormone (PTH) level and quality of life were observed between the two groups before and after treatment. Results The serum phosphorus, calcium and calcium-phosphorus product in two groups of patients before treatment had no significant difference. After treatment, the above indicators decreased in two groups of patients compared with those before treatment, and the observation group was significantly lower (P<0.05). Before treatment, there was no difference in the levels of PTH between the two groups. After treatment, the level of PTH in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in quality of life between the two groups before treatment. After treatment, the quality of life in the two groups were higher than before treatment, and the observation group was significantly higher (P<0.05). Conclusion High dose of calcitriol has good therapeutic effect for ESRD patients with SHPT and can significantly improve the patient's calcium and phosphorus and PTH levels, improve the quality of life of patients.

Objective To investigate the expression of DNA methyltransferases ( DNMTs) in hilar cholangiocarcinoma and its clinical significance.Methods A total of 150 samples of cholangetic tissues were collected from 111 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma ( cholangiocarcinoma group) and 39 patients with choledochocele ( control group) at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from April 1997 to March 2007.A tissue chip containing the samples of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and choledochocele was prepared.Expressions of DNMT1,DNMT3a and DNMT3b were detected by the immunohistochemical staining. Differences in the protein expressions of DNMTs in the cholangiocarcinoma group and the control group were compared,and the correlation between DNMTs protein expressions and clinicopathological features was analyzed.All data were analyzed by using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability.The survival curve was drawn by using the Kaplan-Meier method and the survival rate was compared by using the Log-rank test.Results The rates of high protein expressions of DNMT1 and DNMT3b were 54.1％ (60/111) and 47.7％ (53/111) in the cholangiocarcinoma group, which were significantly higher than 28.2％ ( 11/39) and 23.1％ ( 9/39) in the control group　( x2 =7.740,7.240,P ＜0.05). The high protein expression of DNMT1 was correlated with-the Bismuth-Corlette classification and T staging of the tumor ( x2 =12.200, 17.800,P ＜0.05) ; there was no significant difference in the high protein expressions of DNMT3a in the cholangiocarcinoma group and the control group ( x2 =3.370.P ＞0.05 ) ; while the high protein expressions of DNMT3b was correlated with the Bismuth-Corlette classification (x2 =8.300,P ＜ 0.05 ),but not with the T staging. Sixty-six patients received hilar cholangiocarcinoma resection,and 42 of them were followed up.The median postoperative survival time of patients with low protein expression of DNMT1 was 23.9 months,which was significantly longer than 11.8 months of patients with high protein expression of DNMT1 (x2 =3.980,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions DNMT1 and DNMT3b with high protein expression might play important roles in the carcinogenesis and development of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.There is an obvious relationship between the expression of DNMT1 and postoperative survival time of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma,and DNMT1 might be a valuable prognostic factor for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Objective To explore the effect of different scan parameters and algorithm on detection of iron deposition with coexsiting fat by dual soure CT.Methods One ml homogenate of normal rat liver tissues and 1 ml iron dextran solution with different concentrations (50.000,25.000,12.500,6.250,3.125,and 1.560 mg/ml) were fully mixed respectively.The 6 test tubes were scanned by dual source CT in the mode of dual energy to gain the iron specific slope.Different concentrations of dextran iron(50,40,30,20,10,and 5 mg/ml),triglyceride(volume percent were 60％,30％,and 10％,respectively),and homogenate of normal rat liver tissues were mixed.All 18 tubes were scanned by dual source CT with 80-140 kVp and 100-140 kVp,and all these images were reconstructed by filtered back projection (FBP) and singogram affirmed iterative reconstruction(SAFIRE).Raw data were reconstructed by filtering and iterative method.△H value (△H =CT value low kVp-CT valuehigh kVp) and overlay value of three substances decomposition algorithm were measured and analyzed by t test.The Spearmen correlation was applied in iron concentration and measured values.Results Iron specific slope was found to be 1.9392.When 80-140 kVp and 100-140 kVp were applied,△H values were (198 ± 28) and (152 ± 18) HU by using FBP reconstruction,and △H values were (191 ± 23) and (149 ± 17) HU by using SAFIRE reconstruction.The differences were statistically significant(t =-2.934 and-3.492,P =0.032 and 0.017).Overlay values were (381 ±54) and (236 ±31) HU by using FBP reconstruction,and overlay values were (399 ±53) and (276 ± 43) HU by using SAFIRE reconstruction.The differences were also statistically significant (t =-5.739 and-7.949,P =0.002 and 0.001).Under the same energy portfolio but different reconstruction,both △H and overlay value showed no differences (P ＞ 0.05).Except for the conditions with 100-140 kVp tube voltage,△H had no correlation with iron solution concentration (P ＞ 0.05) under either FBP or SAFIRE reconstruction.When other reconstruction methods and tube voltage combination were used,overlay or △H value showed correlation with iron solution concentrations (r value ranged from 0.959 to 0.997,P values ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Different energy portfolios of dual source CT will act on the measured value of iron deposition.The measured values will not be affected by ways of reconstruction.For the detection of iron coexisting in fat,overlay values of material decomposition algorithm is better.

Smu_195c is a protein with 86 amino acids in Streptococcus mutans, a primary pathogen for human dental caries. The specific function of Smu_195c is still unknown and there are no conserved domains in it. In order to find out its function, the gene encodes Smu_195c was cloned and expressed in E. coli as N-terminally 6*His tagged recombinant protein. Two crystal forms were obtained by the hanging drop method. Form Ⅰ belongs to space group P6122 or P6522 with the unit cell parameters a = b = 62.93 (A), c= 90.63 (A), γ=120° and form Ⅱ belongs to the space group P41212 or P43212 with the unit cell parameters a =b=57.97 (A), c = 103.51 (A).Crystals from the protein with His-tag belong to form Ⅰ, however, crystals from the protein without His-tag belong to both.

Objectives Tostudytheexpressionchangesofproproteinconvertase1(PC1)incerebral cortex nerve cells and its substrate neuropeptide Y (NPY)after focal cerebral ischemia in mice and to investigatetheeffectofPC1inneuronalischemicinjury.Methods Twenty-fourmaleC57micewere randomly allocated into a sham-operation group,an ischemia-reperfusion 4-or 24-hour group with computer (n=8 in each group). A rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced by the intraluminal suture method. Western blot and real-time quantitative nucleic acid amplification were used to detect the expression changes of PC1,NPY,and mRNA in mouse cortical neurons. Results (1)Compared with the sham operation group,the expression of PC1 mRNA of ischemic cortex brain tissue at ischemic side in the ischemia-reperfusion 4-hour group increased 2. 66 ± 0. 24 and in the ischemia-reperfusion 24-hour group expressed 2. 07 ± 0. 23 (all P<0. 05). Compared with the sham operation group,the PC1 precursor protein level increased significantly at 4 hours (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in the 24-hour group (P >0. 05 ). (2 )Compared with the sham operation group,the preproNPY mRNA and protein level increased significantly after reperfusion in the ischemia-reperfusion 4-hour group (P < 0. 05 ),the mRNA expressed 2. 31 ± 0. 27,and the increase of precursor protein level continued until 24 hours. Conclusion TheexpressionofprecursorPC1increasedaftercerebralischemia-reperfusioninmice, thus affecting the processing activity of PC1 ,and resulting in NPY protein,an active substrate of PC1 accumulated with the form of precursors,which may be one of the underlying mechanisms of neuronal ischemic injury.

Animals ; Brain Injuries ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Taurine ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

Objective To make a comparative analysis of conventional smear and liquid-based cytology method to diagnose lung cancer in sensitivity and false-negative,and evaluate the application value of liquid-based cytology in sputum samples.Methods We collected 287 sputum samples through clinical contrast conventional smear with liquid-based cytology method.The diagnosis was made by the same pathology panel in double blind way.We compared the two methods to diagnose lung cancer in sensitivity and false-negative.Results Liquid-based cytology method detected 62 cases of lung cancer,and conventional smear detected 49 cases of lung cancer,with the sensitivity rate being 21.6% and 17.1%,respectively.Combination of the two methods made the sensitivity rate 24.0%.The false-negative rate was 38.6% for liquid-based cytology method and 48.5% for conventional smear which did not differ significantly.By combining the two methods,the false-negative rate was 24.0%.There was no significant difference between liquid-based cytology method and conventional smear,and between liquid-based cytology method and the two-method combination in sensitivity and false-negative.But there was a significant difference between the two-method combination and conventional smear.Conclusion Through sputum sample detection of lung cancer cell,liquid-based cytology method is better than conventional smear,the former having obvious superiority;combining the two methods can detect more lung cancers.Therefore,it is a superior screening test in detecting lung cancer and worthy of clinical popularization.

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical efficacy of sorafenib combined with capecitabine in Hui versus Han residents with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Sanya, Hainan, China. MethodsA total of 96 Hui and Han residents with advanced HCC took oral capecitabine 1500 mg/m2 twice daily for 14 days followed by a 7-day withdrawal, which was repeated at least twice; besides, sorafenib was given orally at a dose of 400 mg twice daily until tumor progression occurred. Comparison of continuous data between the two groups was made by t test, while comparison of categorical data was made by chi-square test. ResultsIn the two groups of Hui and Han patients, the rates of alpha-fetoprotein reduction were 60.9% and 40.0%, respectively (χ2=4.173, P=0.041); the rates of serum ferritin reduction were 50.0% and 30.0%, respectively (χ2=4.007, P=0.027); the rates of tumor regression were 54.3% and 34.0% as shown by CT (χ2=4.030, P=0.045); the response rates were 32.6% and 14.0%, respectively (χ2=4.697, P=0.030). Survival analysis suggested the combination of sorafenib and capecitabine had provided a significantly higher overall survival rate in Hui patients than in Han patients (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionIn Sanya, a combination of sorafenib and capecitabine has better efficacy in Hui patients with advanced HCC than in Han patients, and the former have a higher overall survival rate.

Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases

Objective To explore the dynamic changes of hydrogen sulfide(H2S)in the pathological course in cortical tissues at diffe-rent times of hypoxia-ischemia brain damage(HIBD).Methods Fifty-six healthy 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley newborn rats were randomly assigned into 7 groups(n=8):normal group,sham-operated group,HIBD 12 h group,HIBD 24 h group,HIBD 48 h group,HIBD 72 h group,and HIBD 7 d group.HIBD rat models were established by ligating the left common carotid artery,after 2-4 h,followed by exposuring to hypoxia(80 mL/L oxygen and 920 mL/L nitrogen)for 2 h.The achievement of HIBD model was determined by the change on behaviour of neonatal rats.There were no treatment on the normal group,and the left common carotid artery was only separated in the sham group.The left cortical tissues in the experimental group were removed at 12,24,48,72 h,and 7 d after HIBD.H2S amounts in cortical tissues at different times after HIBD were measured by biochemical methods.Results H2S level in cortical tissues in HIBD 12 h group increased significantly compared with sham-operated group(P