Objective To investigate the effects of SWH solution on hepatic energy metabolism in SD rats compared with UW solution. Methods Levels of ATP, ADP, and AMP in hepatic tissues were examined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) while ALT, AST, and LDH were examined and the 7-day survival rate of animals was observed with orthotopic liver transplantation model in rats. Results Levels of ATP, TAN, and EC in 18-h group were significant lower than those in 8-h group. No significant difference was found between 12-h group and 8-h group. AST, ALT, and LDH were significantly increased after preservation for 18-h than preservation for 8-h. No significant difference was found between 12-h group and 8-h group. The 7-d survival rate of animals in SWH group was higher than that in UW group. The change tendency of ATP, TAN, and EC was the same as the tendency of 7-d survival rate of animals. Conclusion These results suggest that levels of ATP, ADP, and AMP in hepatic tissues are closely associated with the survival rate, and SWH solution is effective in protecting hepatic energy metabolism.

Objective To detect the expression of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBP-α) in the epidermis of psoriasis vulgaris lesions,and to investigate its correlation with abnormal keratinocyte proliferation and disease severity.Methods Biopsy specimens were obtained from the lesions of 30 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and normal skin of 30 healthy human controls.A two-step immunohistochemical procedure was performed to detect the expressions of C/EBP-αt and Ki-67 in these specimens,and Western blot to quantify the expression of C/EBP-α.The proliferation index of keratinocytes was calculated according to the expression intensity of Ki-67.Statistical analysis was carried out by using the SPSS 17.0 software,and Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to assess the relationship of C/EBP-α expression level with proliferation index of keratinocytes and psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score.Results C/EBP-α was predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes,while Ki-67 in the nuclei of keratinocytes.Compared with the normal skin,the psoriatic lesions showed a significantly lower expression of Ki-67 (t =7.82,P ＜ 0.05),but higher proliferation index of keratinocytes (t =4.54,P ＜ 0.05).The expression level of C/EBP-α was negatively correlated with the proliferation index of keratinocytes and PASI score in the patients (both P ＜ 0.05).Western blot also showed an obvious decrease in the expression of C/EBP-α in psoriatic lesions.Conclusions The expression of C/EBP-α is decreased in lesions of psoriasis vulgaris,which might be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris.

Objective To evaluate the effects of curcumin pretreatment on the expression of Nrf2 protein during ventilator-induced lung injury in rabbits.Methods Twenty-four healthy male New Zealand white rabbits,aged 3-6 months,weighing 2.5-3.0 kg,were randomized into 3 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:two-lung ventilation (TLV) group; one-lung ventilation (OLV) group; and curcumin pretreatment group (group Cur).In group Cur,curcumin 40 mg/kg (dissolved in 2 ml of 1％ sodium carboxymethylcellulose) was given via a gastric tube into the stomach twice a day for 7 consecutive days starting from 7 days before ventilation,while the equal volume of sodium carboxymethylcellulose was given via a gastric tube instead of curcumin in TLV and OLV groups.All the rabbits were tracheostomized,and a tracheal tube was inserted to perform TLV in TLV group,and a tracheal tube was inserted into the right bronchus to establish OLV in OLV and Cur groups.Volumecontrolled ventilation was used in the three groups and the ventilatory parameters were regulated to maintain SpO2 ＞ 90 ％.Immediately before beginning of ventilation (T0) and at 1,2 and 3 h of ventilation (T1-3),arterial blood samples were obtained for blood gas analysis and determination of PaO2.The oxygenation index was calculated.At the end of ventilation,the rabbits were sacrificed and right lungs were removed for determination of wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio).The right lower lobe was isolated and puhmonary specimens were obtained for determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (using colorimetric method) and the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 protein (by Western blot) in lung tissues and for microscopic examination of pathological changes of the lung which were scored.Results Compared with group TLV,the W/D ratio,pathological scores,MDA content,and expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly increased,and the SOD activity and oxygenation index at T2,3 were decreased in OLV and Cur groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group OLV,the W/D ratio,pathological scores,and MDA content were significantly decreased,and the SOD activity,oxygenation index at T3,and expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 were increased in group Cur (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Curcumin pretreatment reduces ventilator-induced lung injury through promoting the expression of Nrf2 protein in lung tissues in rabbits.

Objective To compare oral with intravenous Prednisolone after hepatoportoenterostomy in improving biliary drainage and survival with the native liver.Methods Forty-nine cases of biliary atresia were conducted from January to December in 2012.Participants were randomized to receive oral Prednisolone (group A) or intravenous Prednisolone (group B) on the fifth day of posthepatoportoenterostomy (the other treatments were same,including intravenous injection of Cefoperazone for 2 weeks, choleretic treatment, etc.).The initial dose was 4 mg/(kg · d), and it was reduced by half per 3 days, until 1 mg/(kg · d).Then Prednisolone was administered orally with 1 mg/(kg · d)for 3 months.The primary end points were the total bilirubin level(TBIL) and the percentage of cholangitis in 6 months of posthepatoportoenterostomy.Secondary outcome was survival with native liver in 24 months after hepatoportoenterostomy.Results The ages of group A and group B were(98 ±33) d and(105 ±36) d,TBIL of them were (158.36 ± 55.22) μmol/L and (160.11 ±43.12) μmol/L,and there were no statistical differences between the 2 groups before surgery (t =-0.663,-0.123, all P ＞ 0.05).In the first 2 months after operation, the mean TBIL value of group A was higher than that of group B (in the first month after surgery ,the TBIL quartiles P25 ,P50 ,P75 of group A were 105 μmol/L, 152 μmol/L, 236 μmol/L, and the quartiles of group B were 40 μmol/L, 74 μmol/L, 99 μmol/L.In the second month after surgery,the TBIL quartiles of group A were 67 μmol/L, 103 μmol/L, 144 μmol/L,and the quartiles of group B were 39 μmol/L,64 μmol/L, 196 μmol/L) (all P ＜ 0.05).The morbidity of cholangitis which occurred in group A(56.0％ ,60.0％) was higher than that in group B (25.0％, 29.2％) (x2 =4.871,4.705, all P ＜ 0.05).However,from the 3rd to 6th months,there was no statistical difference between group A and group B(all P ＞ 0.05).Transplant-free survival was 44.0％ in group A and 47.7％ in group B 24 months after operation, and there was no statistical difference(x2 =1.007 ,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Therapy of intravenous Prednisolone following portoenterostomy may be more beneficial in bile drainage than oral method,but it's of no use to improve survival.

Objective To evaluate the curative effectiveness and safety of human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) treatment on children with microphallic hypospadias.Methods A total of 48 consecutive children with microphalic hypospadias were enrolled in the study,and the children were randomized into the experiment group(HCG treatment) and the control group with the research randomizer.The patients in experiment group were treated with HCG prior to surgery,and the control group did not received any hormone therapy preoperatively.All children in the experiment group and the control group underwent hypospadias repair by using transverse preputial island flap (Duckett technique) urethroplasty.Penile length,diameter of glans penis,bone age,serum testosterone level,and secondary effects were recorded before and after therapy in the experiment group.Postoperative complications were assessed with respect to fistulas,urethral strictures,diverticula,meatal stenosis,and glanular dehiscence in both groups.Results (1)Mean penile length and diameter of the experiment group increased significantly by (1.08±0.47) cm (t=-5.196,P<0.05) and (0.31±0.06) cm and there was a significant difference between before and after treatment (t=-5.080,P<0.05).(2)Urethrocutaneous fistulas were observed in 8 patients in the control group compared to 2 patients in the experiment group with a statistically significant difference (χ2=4.547,P<0.05).There was a significant difference between the overall reoperation rates of control group (9 patients) and the experiment group (3 patients,χ2=4.000,P<0.05).The penile tissue of the patients in the experiment group was soft and able to be easily separated and released during the operation and the flap had more blood supply.Conclusions Pretreatment with HCG therapy prior to hypospadias repair is beneficial to children with microphallic hypospadias.Significant penile growth was seen in the children treated with HCG and there was no obvious side effect.Moreover,pretreatment with HCG is beneficial to decrease the complications and reoperation rates of hypospadias repair which proves to be effective and safe.

OBJECTIVETo compare the early clinical outcomes of primary total knee arthroplasty in the valgus knee between mobile-bearing prosthesis and fixed-bearing prosthesis.

METHODSFrom January 2011 to December 2013, 17 patients (23 knees) treated by the same surgeon were selected for a retrospective study in the First Hospital of Jilin University, including 2 males and 15 females with a mean age of 61.5 years old (48 to 75 years). The pre-operative diagnosis included osteoarthritis (14 patients, 19 knees) and rheumatoid arthritis (3 patients, 4 knees). The patients with valgus deformity were divided into group A and group B. The patients in group A were treated with the fixed-bearing prosthesis (9 patients, 12 knees), and the patients in group B were treated with the mobile-bearing prosthesis (8 patients, 11 knees). The Knee Society Score (KSS), Hosptial for Special Surgery (HSS), Western Ontario MacMaster (WOMAC), the range of motion (ROM) and femorotibial angle were collected at pre-operation and post-operation follow-up for statistical analysis.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 6 to 36 months (mean 25 months). The valgus deformity was corrected in all patients, and there were significant differences for all patients between pre-operation and post-operation at the latest follow-up with regard to the KSS knee score, function score, HSS score, WOMAC score, ROM and femorotibial angle (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in KSS knee score, function score, HSS score, WOMAC score, improvement in ROM and femorotibial angle between two groups at the latest follow-up. However there were significant differences in ROM (P<0.05) between fixed-bearing group (101.8±8.8)° and mobile-bearing group (108.4±7.2)° at the latest follow-up. No case with spin-out of mobile bearing was observed. There were no complications in any patient, such as infection, common peroneal nerve injury, dislocation and instability. The X-ary imaging showed no osteolysis or implant loosening.

CONCLUSIONThe early clinical outcomes of primary total knee arthroplasty by using mobile-bearing prosthesis and fixed-bearing prosthesis are satisfactory for the treatment of the valgus knee, and the short term clinical outcomes of mobile-bearing TKA and fixed-bearing TKA are similar.

Aged ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Deformities, Acquired ; surgery ; Knee Joint ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies

Objective:To investigate the preventive and protective effects of Schisandrin B in the mice of Alzheimer's disease (AD),and to clarify its mechanism.Methods:Fifty Balb/c mice were randomly divided into blank group,model group,pasitive control group,low dose of Schisandrin B group(0.1 g·kg-1)and high dose of Schisandrin B group(0.5 g·kg-1);there were 10 mice in each group.Step-through test was conducted after last administration to detect the latencies and number of errors of the mice in various groups,and the brain tissue was taken.Congo red staining was to detect the morphology changes of cells and neuronal amyloidosis in brain tissue of the mice.The levels of ROS in brain tissue of the mice were tested by Flow Cytometry.The contents of MDA,the levels of LDH,and the activities of CAT,GSH-Px and SOD in brain tissue of the mice were tested by biochemical method.Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of signaling pathway proteins Nrf2 and Keap1 in brain tissue of the mice.Results:Compared with model group,the latencies of the mice in low and high dose of Schisandrin B groups were increased (P<0.01) and the number of errors in step-through tests was decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The Congo red staining results showed that compared with model group,the neuronal amyloidosis in brain tissue of the mice in Schisandrin B groups was decreased significantly.Compared with model group,the levels of ROS,LDH and the contents of MDA in brain tissue of the mice in low and high doses of Schisandrin B groups were decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the activities of CAT,SOD and GSH-Px were increased (P<0.01).Compared with low dose of Schisandrin B group,the content of MDA and the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in brain tissue of the mice in high dose of Schisandrin B group were increased (P<0.001).Compared with model group,the expression level of Nrf2 protein in brain tissue of the mice in low dose of Schisandrin B group was increased (P<0.01),while the expression level of Nrf2 protein in brain tissue of the mice in high dose of Schisandrin B group was decreased (P<0.01);the expression levels of Keap1 protein in brain tissue of the mice in low and high doses of Schisandrin B groups was decreased (P<0.01).Conclusion:Schisandrin B could decrease the level of peroxidation in brain tissue of the mice and reduce the oxidative damage and improve the memory function of the AD mice.The mechanism is related to the activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway which improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes.

OBJECTIVETo research the change of concentration of the amino acid neurotransmitters in the striatum focal cerebral ischemia in rat and the effect of Acorus tatarinowii Schott, one of inducing resuscitation drugs, for 4 of amino acid neurotransmitters.

METHODSTwenty four rats were divided into four groups (n = 6): control group, cerebral ischemia group, sham operation group and Acorns tatarinowii Schott treated group. Rats were established into models of cerebral ischemia by occluding bilateral thread cork method. Formation sampling were performed in a striatum area using microdialysis and the detection of biological sample including aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) electrochemical detector system.

RESULTSCompared with the control, the all contents of 4 kinds of the amino acids were significantly increased during cerebral ischemia (P < 0.01). Compared with the cerebral ischemia group, the contents of aspartic acid, glutamic acid that were excitatory amino acids were remarkably decreased in the striatum for Acorus tatarinowii Schott treated group (P < 0.01), It was no significant influence on gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycine that belonged to inhibitory amino acid in a nascent condition but with a elevating in the later period of microdialysis.

CONCLUSIONAcorus tatarinowii Schott can enter the cerebral parenchyma through blood brain barrier and cut down glutamic acid,aspartic acid increased during cerebral ischemia. As a result, the neurotoxicity attributed to the excitatory amino acid has been released in excessive amounts declined so as to avoid the secondary impairment of neurons caused by excitatory amino acids pernicious effects after ischemia. It may be one of the protective mechanism of drugs for inducing resuscitation resembling EAA receptor antagonists to ischemi brain.

Acorus ; chemistry ; Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; metabolism ; Corpus Striatum ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Excitatory Amino Acids ; metabolism ; Male ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

As a kind of commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, ginseng has a high reputation at home and abroad. The research of ginseng has been expanded to medicine, pharmacy, biology, food science and other fields, with great achievements in recent years. Ginseng contains ginsenosides, volatile oil, carbohydrates, amino acids, polypeptides, inorganic elements and othser chemical constituents. Each component has extensive physiological activity, and is the base of ginseng's effect. After processing, the complicated changes are taken place in the constituents of ginseng, and some new substances produced. This paper aims to review the studies on chemical constituents and their mechanisms during ginseng processing, and the ideas, methods and the direction of the development of traditional Chinese medicine processing in the future.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Objective To establish a stable orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT)model with hepatic artery reconstruction in mice.Methods Of the 66 OLT mice,33 recipient mice underwent conventional 'two cuff' technique without hepatic artery reconstruction(control group),33 with hepatic artery reconstruction using 'stent' technology(experimental group).Results The 2 week posttransplant survival rate was 84.85%(28/33)and 81.82%(27/33)in the arterialized and nonarterialized groups respectively.Serum γ-GT and ALP level of arterialized recipient were much lower than those of nonarterialized animals.The pathology of the donor liver showed that rearterialization helps to relieve bile duct injury of liver allograft.Conclusions The hepatic artery supply plays a central role in preventing bile duct injury after transplantation.This mouse OLT model may meet the need for the study of problems associated with liver transplantation.