A clinical study was made on 189 cases of various types of arrhythmia diagnosed among 1,100 patients. Incidence of arrhythmia was 17.2% of the total cases (male 58.2%, female 41.8%). Of 189 cases of arrhythmias, 78(41.3%) had bundle branch block, 42(22.2%) atrial fibrillation, 18(9.5%) atrioventricular block, 15(8%) premature ventricular contraction, 6(3.2%) sinus arrhythmia, 6(3.2%) W.P.W. syndrome, 4(2%) premature atrial contraction, 3(1.6%) atrial flutter-fibrillation, 3(1.6%) ventricular bigeminy, 3(1.6%) intraventricular conduction defect, 2(1.1%) atrial flutter, 2(1.1%) nodal bigeminy, 2(1.1%) ventricular bigeminy, 1(0.5%) paroxysmal atrial contraction and 1(0.5%) A-V nodal rhythm, 1(0.5%) nodla premature contraction, 1(0.5%) paroxysmal atrial contraction and 1(0.5%) sinus arrest. Etiological diagnoses of patients with arrhythmia were rheumatic heart disease (21.7%), hypertensive heart disease (12.7%), arteriosclerotic heart disease (12.7%), thyrotoxic heart disease (1.6%), anemic heart disease(1.6%) congenital heart disease (2.6%), cerebral vascular accident (1.6%), essential hypertension (9%) cerebral arteriosclerosis (0.53%), cor pulmonale (2.1%). chronic myocarditis (1.6%), anemia (1.6%), chronic nephritis (1.6%), acute glomerulonephritis (0.53%) chronic hepatitis (1.1%), tuberculosis (4.2%), bronchiectasis (1.1%), leprosy (0.53%), epilepsy (0.53%) intoxication (2.6%) cardiac neurosis (11.6%) and unknown (8%). The cardinal symptoms consisted of palpitation, dyspnea, headache, edema, dizziness, cough, left chest pain. gastrointestinal complaints, chest discomfort (thightness), weakness and fatigability. The incidence of arrhythmia was highest in the 4 th decade.
Anemia ; Arrhythmia, Sinus ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Atrial Flutter ; Atrial Premature Complexes ; Atrioventricular Block ; Bronchiectasis ; Bundle-Branch Block ; Chest Pain ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Dizziness ; Dyspnea ; Edema ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis ; Headache ; Heart ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Diseases ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Intracranial Arteriosclerosis ; Leprosy ; Myocarditis ; Nephritis ; Neurocirculatory Asthenia ; Pulmonary Heart Disease ; Rheumatic Heart Disease ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis ; Ventricular Premature Complexes

With the improvement of economic conditions and medical care, the average life span has increased, thus making geriatrics an important consideration in the medical field. Degenerative changes of the cervical spine in aged are not uncommon. Also it is well known tha subjects with radiologic features of cervical spondylosis may be symptom free. On the other hand, cervical myelopathy may occur in the presence of minimal spondylosis as shown radiologically. This discrepancy between symptoms and radiologic features seems to be attributed to the differences in the initial structure of the cervical spine. The authors surveyed at random the various radiographic measurements of 300 Koreans having normal cervical spines and 120 Koreans with cervical spondylosis. The results of the survey are as follows: 1. Osteophyte was noticed more frequently at the 3 rd, 4 th and 5 th cervical vertebrae. 2. Lordosis angle was greater in spondylosis group than in normal group, which might be attributed to paravertebral muscle spasm. 3. Normal sagittal diameter of the canal decreased between C3-C6 and the narrowest was at C4 level. The sagittal diameter, on the average, was 1.5 mm shorter than in European population and 1 mm longer than Japanese. This might be attributed to the difference in the body height. 4. In the normal spine group the average interpedicular distance was greatest at the 5 th, and 6 th cervical vertebra. In the cervical spondylosis group the average interpedicular distance was greater than in normal population it was greatest at the 5 th and 6 th cervical vertebra.
Animals ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Body Height ; Cervical Vertebrae ; Female ; Geriatrics ; Hand ; Humans ; Lordosis ; Osteophyte ; Spasm ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; Spine ; Spondylosis

This study was carried out to visualize lead by Timm sulphide silver method and to define lead-induced change of duodenal absorptive cells of rat after administration of 0.01% lead acetate with drinking water. Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250g, were used, and they were orally administered with 0.01% sodium acetate and sacrificed at 0.5, 1, 1.5 hours and 2, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60 days after administration. A portion of duodenal tissue was observed under light microscope, scanning and transmission electron microscopes after development with Danscher method. The blood lead concentration in experimental group began to increase from the 2nd day after administration, and it increased gradually until the 45th day and decreased at the 60th day. On light microscope, many brown lead granules were observed at the villi tip at the 2nd day. There is mild blunting of villi tip at the 45th day. At the 60th day, most of the villi were mildly shortened and showed lymphangiectasia. On scanning electron microscope, the villi tip was mildly blunted and the extrusion zone became irregular at the 45th day. The depth of creases did not change. At the 60th day, the villi tip was moderately blunted and the extrusion zone was markedly irregular. The depth of creases increased. On transmission electron microscope, at 0.5 hour after oral administration, numerous lead granules were diffusely scattered and were not confined to any specific microorganelles. The lead granules decreased with time. At the 7th 15th day, the intercellular spaces were widened and several vacuoles appeared and the condensation of mitochondrial matrix. There was also ribosomal detachment from RER, and there was neither secondary lysosomes or post-lysosomes. At the 30th and 45th day, secondary lysosomes appeared and the condensation of mitochondrial matrix with early formation of myelin figures was noted. At the 60th day, the intercellular space widening extended to the upper most portion of the cells, and nonspeciqic degenerative changes became severe. In view of above mentioned findings, it can be concluded that passive diffusion as well as active transport was partly involved in the absorption of lead. Most of the changes of microorganelle are compatible with nonspecific degenerative changes which could occur due to impairment of oxidative phosphorylation.
Rats ; Animals

PURPOSE: The accurate dosimerty of independent collimator equipped for 6MV and 15MV X-ray beam was investigated to search for the optimal correction factor. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The field size factors, beam quality and dose distribution were measured by using 6MV, 15MV X-ray. Field size factors were measured from 3X3cm2 to 35X35cm2 by using 0.6cc ion chamber (NE 2571) at Dmax. Beam qualities were measured at different field sizes, off-axis distances and depths. Isodose distributions at different off-axis distance using 10X10cm field were also investigated and compared with symmetric field. RESULTS: 1) Relative field size factors was different along lateral distance with maximum changes in 3.1% for 6MV and 5% for 15MV. But the field size factors of asymmetric fields were identical to the modified central-axis values in symmetric fileld, which corrected by off-axis ratio at Dmax.2) The HVL and PDD was decreased by increasing off-axis distance. PDD was also decreased by increasing depth For field size more than 5X5cm2 and depth less than 15cm, PDD of asymmetric field differs from that of symmetric one (0.5~2% for 6MV and 0.4~1.4% for 15MV).3) The measured isodose curves demonstrate divergence effects and reduced doses adjacent to the edge close to the flattening filter center was also observed. CONCLUSION: When asymmetric collimator is used, calcutation of MU must be corrected with off-axis and PDD with a caution of underdose in central axis.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Jaw*

We herein report a 28-year-old woman with typical marginal keratoderma of the palms of 4 years duration. She denied any chronic pressure or trauma. Histological findings disclosed marked hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acanthosis, elongation of rete ridges, edema and capillary dilatations of papillary dermis, and infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells. There was no changes in collagenous and elastic fibers. Treatment with oral 13-cis retinoid and topical application of 0.02% flumethasone ointment containing 3%, salicylate resulted in only transit effect.
Adult ; Capillaries ; Collagen ; Dermis ; Dilatation ; Edema ; Elastic Tissue ; Female ; Flumethasone ; Humans ; Parakeratosis

BACKGROUND: Congenital bronchoesophageal fistula(BEF) presented in adult life is a rare disorder and has characteristic clinical findings such as paroxysmal cough after water ingestion and recurrent respiratory infections. It usually manifested recurrent pneumonia and chronic cough with purulent phlegmon which was mis-or under-diagnosed as chronic bronchitis, bronchiectesis or lung abscess so forth. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively 13 cases of congenital BEE in adult of Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University including 22 cases of congenital BEE previously reported in literature of Korea from 1979 through 1995. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 40.2 +/- 14.3. There was no difference in sex ratio(Male: Female 18 : 17). The mast common symptom was cough(91.4%), follwed by chronic sputum(74.3), hemoptysis(25.7), and paroxysmal nocturnal cough at specific position(20%). Twenty one of 31 patients who were able to review have the most specific sign, Ono's sign presented as paroxysmal cough after liquid ingestion. By classification of Braimbridge-Keith, Fourteen(45.1%) of 31 patients were group I (associated with esophageal diverticulum), 15(48.4%) were group II (simple fistula), and group III arid IV was one case in each. The opening of fistula confined to right lower lobe in 26(76.5%), left lower lobe in 6(176%), arid left main bronchus in 2(5.9%) cases. CONCLUSION: Congenital bronchoesophageal fistula is uncommon disorder which has characteristic histories and specific symptoms such as chronic and recurrent lower respiratory infections, and paroxysmal cough after liquid ingestion. Medical attention and careful history should be done in patients who have localized recurrent lower respiratory infections in right lower lobe.
Adult* ; Bees ; Bronchi ; Bronchitis, Chronic ; Cellulitis ; Classification ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Eating ; Female ; Fistula* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Lung Abscess ; Pneumonia ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Clavicle* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Clavicle* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

We observed a 51-year-old male, who developed depigmented patches on the lower abdomen after photochemotherapy(PUVA) of psoriasis without evidence of phototoxic reaction. The depigmented patches did not orginate from the sites of previous psoriatic lesions. Fontana-Masson stain of the biopsy specimen revealed nearly absent melanin pigments in the epidrmis of the hypopigmented patch, while lots of pigments were obsereved on the surrounding hyperpigmented area. Electron micrograph showed no melanocytes in the hypopigmented patch. Thus we report this case as having vitiliginous patches induced by photochemotherapy of psoriasis.
Abdomen ; Biopsy ; Humans ; Male ; Melanins ; Melanocytes ; Middle Aged ; Photochemotherapy* ; Psoriasis* ; Vitiligo

Introduction: This study examined the factors related to the amount of blood loss and transfusion after primary total hip arthroplasty. Materials and methods: Sixty THRA patients, who had records of perioperative complete blood counts and transfusion, were enrolled in this study. Age, gender, diagnosis, use of cement, size of an incision, operative time, intraoperative crack, estimated blood loss, use of suction drain and the amount drained were used as possible variables. Results: The decrease in the serum hemoglobin level immediately after and 1 day after surgery was 3.18 and 3.90g/dL respectively. An average of 2.30 units were transfused in 78.3% of cases. The preoperative serum hemoglobin level, the use of a suction drain and the amount drained was related to the total amount of transfusion. Adverse transfusion reactions were found to be associated with the amount of transfusion Discussion: The reduction in the hemoglobin level and total amount of blood transfused showed no relationship with the variances associated with the surgical techniques. The total amount of blood transfused was significantly lower in the groups that had no suction drain. Therefore, a reduction in the volume of intraoperative transfusion and avoiding use of a suction drain can reduce the total amount of blood needed and reduce the adverse reactions of the transfusion.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Blood Cell Count ; Blood Group Incompatibility ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Operative Time ; Suction