No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Aneurysm* ; Child* ; Diagnosis* ; Echocardiography* ; Humans

The endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL) has been adopted as a new treatment for acute hemorrhage from esophageal varices that ranks the highest mortality rate in upper gastrointestinal tract bleedings. This treatment method has good effects for the urgent treatment and eradication of varices from acute variceal bleeding in repeated sessions. We enrolled 34 patients with an acute or chronic variceal bleeding episode at the time of admission in this study from Apr. 8, 1992 to June. 2, 1994. Among 34 patients, there were 31 males and 3 females, at ages between 45-66(mean: 52 years). The incidence of symptoms on admission was 10 in tarry stool, 9 in hematemesis 8 in ascites, 4 in hepatic encephalopathy and 3 in nonspecific symptoms. Varices were eradicated or reduced to grade I in 30(88.2%) of the 34 patients by 4-25 bands (mean: 10.8 bands) in 1-7 EVL sessions(mean: 3.1 sessions). After EVL, there are complicated by active bleeding in 3 patients, dysphagia in 3 patienta and transient chest discomfort in 5 patients but subsided during 24 hours. These results indicated that EVL is a safe method for treatment of bleeding from esophageal varices.
Ascites ; Deglutition Disorders ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices* ; Female ; Hematemesis ; Hemorrhage* ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ligation* ; Male ; Mortality ; Thorax ; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract ; Varicose Veins

The pressure and resistance of the pulmonary artery are the most important factors when evaluating the congenital heart disease. They are easily measured by the cardiac catheterization, but this procedure is a invasive technique, and difficult to perform repeatedly. There were some reports to estimate the pulmory artery pressure by using non-invasive techniques, such as the echocardiography. The accuracy and the application of the estimate derived from this technique is still a matter of controversy. We estimate the right ventricular pressure by the real time two dimensional echocardiography. The way to measure accuracy for this technique is by of camparing the estimate the right ventricular pressure derived by the echocardiograpy against the right ventricular pressure measured by the cardiac catheterization. The diameter of the left ventricle in the plane of the papillary muscles in measured by short axis view from parasternal positions at the end-systolic phase. The diameter between the interventricular sulcus[B] and the longest vertical from to the interventricular septum[C] are measured. The relationship between the ration, C/B by the two-dimensional echocardiography and the RVP/LVP by the cardiac catheterization is relatively well correlated(r=-0.88). Thus we may conclude that measuring the right ventricular pressure by using the two-dimensional echocardiography is relatively accurate and should be used for evaluating the congenital heart disease.
Arteries ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Echocardiography* ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Heart Ventricles ; Papillary Muscles ; Pulmonary Artery ; Ventricular Pressure*

No abstract available.
Echocardiography* ; Heart Ventricles* ; Tendons*

BACKGROUND: We studied the incidence of trauma caused by alcohol related accidents, and the effects that has on the occurrence, the extent, and the outcome to the patient. METHODS: In our study we studied trauma patients excluding pediatric patients(15 years old and under) who came to the Emergency department of Korea University Medical School Anam Hospital from the 1st of january 1996 to 30th of June 1996, looked into their medical records, and studied the records in a retrospective manner. The trauma patients were divided into two groups, a) alcohol-related and b) alcohol-non-related. The two groups were then subdivided according to their sex, age, the time they came in, the anatomical part of the trauma, the mechanism of their injury, the extent of the injury, the length of their hospital stay, the length of their ED stay and were seperately compared and analysed. Statistically, ANOVA and logistic regression analysis using SAS were used in the study and then was assessed in Chi-square analysis methods. RESULTS: The total of the trauma patients, added up to 832 people, 577: male and 255: female. Among this sum, 16 trauma patients were alcohol related(male:127 & female 36). 115 people were in the age group of 21-40. Compared to the non-alcohol related trauma group, the alcohol-related group had more facial & scalp injuries and tended to come in the hours between 0-6 AM. The cause of the injuries were mossy by fast-fighting and suicide, compared to mostly accidental-slipping injuries in the non alcohol-related group. There were no difference in the degree of the injury(ISS) and the length of hospital stay between the two groups, whereas the length of the stay at the ED was longer alcohol-related trauma patients. CONCLUSION: Alcohol related trauma patients were mostly in their 20s and 30s, came to the hospital at a late time it the reason for their visit were mossy because of fist fighting. In the Emergency department, because prompt and correct diagnosis is quite difficult to make in this group, their ED stay tended to be longer. We can conclude that measuring the blood alcohol level of these patients, continuing the psychological therapy and educating people is needed.
Diagnosis ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Scalp ; Schools, Medical ; Suicide

In the treatment of congenital heart in Korea, a big progress has made so far, and successful results have been achieved. However, there were few reports pertaining to the age and cause of death in congenital heart disease patients. Now, the author made observation on the mortality, the age and the mode of death in 3817 patients of congenital heart disease who had been admitted to Severance Hospital during the period of 15 years, from Jan 1972 to Dec 1986. The overall hospital mortality of the congenital heart disease was 6.1% ; 10.1% in the unoperated cases and 4.5% in the patients who underwent surgery. The hospital mortality of indivisual congenital heart disease was, in the order of increasing frequency, 1.0% for ventricular septal defect, and for the complicated heart disease, such as transposition of great vessels(12.5%), and total anomalous pulmonary venous return(15.8%) the death rate was higher in general. The mortality was highest under 1 year of age, especially during the neonatal period, i.e. under 1 month of age. The mode of death in the unoperated cases were congestive heart failure, infection, and hypoxia, in the order of frequency, comprising 84.5%, and in the patients who underwent surgery were congestive heart faliure or low cardiac output syndrome and htpoxia, 62.3%. Among the patients who died in the neonatal period, 76.9% died without accurate diagnosis, and 38.5% were under 5 days of age. Hypoxia(27%), congestive heart faliure(19.4%), and sepsis(11.6%) were the main mode of death. The analysis of the dead patients with congenital heart disease revealed the following results.The mortality was high in the complicated heart disease ; the major mode of death in surgical patients were congestive heart faliure or low cardiac output syndrome ; and the mortality was high in patients under one year of age, especially in the neonates, and most of then lacked accurate diagnosis.Therefore, more accurate properative diagnosis of complicated heart disease and better surgical techniques, development of diagnostic tools in neonatal period, and the need for early surgery and emergency medical management are uregently demanded.
Anoxia ; Cardiac Output, Low ; Cause of Death ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Heart ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Failure ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea ; Mortality

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Heart Failure* ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Heart*

No abstract available.
Aortography* ; Echocardiography* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Radial Artery*

Williams syndrome(Williams-Beuren Syndrome, Williams elfin facies syndrome) is a rare syndrome and this is the first case in Korea. We experienced a case of Williams syndrome who was a 11 year old male child. He showed a characteristic facial appearance of this syndrome. A systolic thrill was palpable over the upper sternal borders and in the suprasternal notch. A Grade 3 (on the basis of 6) ejection systolic murmur was heard maximally over the right and left upper sternal borders and radiated over the entire precordium and into the neck. No manifestations of congestive cardiac failure were present. Pectus excavatum and inguinal hernia were observed. he also had mental retardation (IQ=66). Diagnosis was established by angiocardiography, and also aided by EKG and phonocardiography. A brief review of the literatures was done.
Angiocardiography ; Aortic Stenosis, Supravalvular* ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Electrocardiography ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Facies ; Funnel Chest ; Heart Failure ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Korea ; Male ; Neck ; Phonocardiography ; Systolic Murmurs ; Williams Syndrome