In connective tissue diseases, autoantibodies cause pulmonary interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, and patients require treatment with an immunosuppressive agent such as a steroid. Dermatomyositis is an incurable, uncommon form of connective tissue disease that occasionally causes diffuse pulmonary inflammation leading to acute severe respiratory failure. In such cases, the prognosis is very poor despite treatment with high-dose steroid. In the present case, a 46-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with dyspnea. He was diagnosed with dermatomyositis combined with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) with respiratory failure and underwent treatment with steroid and an immunosuppressive agent, but the COP was not improved. However, the respiratory failure did improve after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, which therefore can be considered a treatment option in cases where steroids and immunosuppressive agents are ineffective.
Autoantibodies ; Connective Tissue Diseases ; Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia* ; Dermatomyositis* ; Dyspnea ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins* ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Inflammation ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia ; Prognosis ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Steroids

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we explored the meaning attributed to the words "jungshinbunyeolbyung" (schizophrenia) and "jungshinbunyeol" (schizophrenic) in South Korean newspapers and news programs in the last 10 years. METHODS: We screened the websites of three national newspapers and the broadcasts of three nationwide television news programs from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2010. We classified a total of 490 articles and 257 news segments by category and quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed them. The articles and news segments were assigned to one of the following categories based on their use of the term "schizophrenia": 1) negative, 2) neutral or positive, 3) incidental, and 4) metaphorical. RESULTS: The negative viewpoint accounted for 349 incidences (46.7%), while the neutral and positive viewpoints included 225 incidences (30.1%). Incidental uses accounted for 95 incidences (12.7%), and metaphorical uses accounted for 78 incidences (10.4%). The majority of the negative uses focused on violence or dangers posed by patients (137 mentions, 37.8%), while the metaphorical uses mainly focused on the idea of splitting (51 mentions, or 65%). CONCLUSION: This study showed that the South Korean news media do not provide balanced information about schizophrenia to the public. This study also showed that no significant move has been made toward a more positive use of the term since a previous study was conducted on the subject. Although the term schizophrenia has given way to "attunement disorder," it will be difficult to establish the new term as the standard if the South Korean media continue to use the term "schizophrenic symptom." Even though the term has been changed, guidelines are necessary to encourage the mass media to provide balanced articles and reduce prejudice.
Humans ; Incidence ; Mass Media ; Metaphor ; Periodicals ; Prejudice ; Schizophrenia ; Television ; Violence

Cervical thymic cysts are rare lesions of neck mass often misdiagnosed clinically as branchial cleft cyst and are mostly diagnosed, pathologically after surgery. The authors applied surgical resection to a 34-year-old man with right upper neck mass, which was misdiagnosed preoperatively as a second branchial cleft cyst. The pathological tissue examination result showed that the patient was diagnosed with a cervical thymic cyst. The thymic cyst of the lateral neck has not been reported from adult in Korean. Herein, we present the case with review of the related literature.
Adult ; Branchial Region* ; Branchioma* ; Humans ; Mediastinal Cyst* ; Neck ; Thymus Gland

This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activities sustainability of antibacterial agents mixed with experimental fluoride varnish on hydroxyapatite disc against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). On the hydroxyapatite disc with 4.8 mm of diameter, 5 μL of 1 mM antibacterial agents mixed with experimental fluoride varnish were applied. Positive control and vehicle control were 10 μg/mL ampicillin and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixed with fluoride varnish, respectively. The discs were stored in distilled water in a 37℃ shaking water bath at 120 rpm for 30 minutes, 4 hours, 1 day, 5 days, 20 days, and 30 days. Antibacterial activities were evaluated with the inhibition zone by the agar diffusion test. The antibacterial activities of all antibacterial agents were sustained for 30 days. Among them, Bakuchiol, Bavachromene, and Bavachalcone showed higher antibacterial activities for up to 30 days. The antibacterial agents when mixed in the experimental fluoride varnish with increased and prolonged antibacterial activities can be applied to prevent dental caries effectively.

In connective tissue diseases, autoantibodies cause pulmonary interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, and patients require treatment with an immunosuppressive agent such as a steroid. Dermatomyositis is an incurable, uncommon form of connective tissue disease that occasionally causes diffuse pulmonary inflammation leading to acute severe respiratory failure. In such cases, the prognosis is very poor despite treatment with high-dose steroid. In the present case, a 46-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with dyspnea. He was diagnosed with dermatomyositis combined with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) with respiratory failure and underwent treatment with steroid and an immunosuppressive agent, but the COP was not improved. However, the respiratory failure did improve after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, which therefore can be considered a treatment option in cases where steroids and immunosuppressive agents are ineffective.
Autoantibodies ; Connective Tissue Diseases ; Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia ; Dermatomyositis ; Dyspnea ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Inflammation ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia ; Prognosis ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Steroids

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign neoplasm of the parotid gland and it accounts for approximately 80% of all reported tumor from parotid. Recurrence rate was noted as 20–45% and high risk factors related to recurrence were the following: over 40 years of age, women, over 30 mm mass size, below 10 mm safety margin, tumor puncture and tumor spillage during surgery, relation to the facial nerve, tumor site, surgical procedure. We experienced a 45-year-old woman who presented a huge left parotid mass. She had a huge parotid pleomorphic adenoma that was removed 18 years ago but had recurred 8 years ago. We removed the mass and obtained good postoperative results.
Adenoma, Pleomorphic* ; Facial Nerve ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Parotid Gland ; Punctures ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors

This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activities sustainability of antibacterial agents mixed with experimental fluoride varnish on hydroxyapatite disc against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). On the hydroxyapatite disc with 4.8 mm of diameter, 5 μL of 1 mM antibacterial agents mixed with experimental fluoride varnish were applied. Positive control and vehicle control were 10 μg/mL ampicillin and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixed with fluoride varnish, respectively. The discs were stored in distilled water in a 37℃ shaking water bath at 120 rpm for 30 minutes, 4 hours, 1 day, 5 days, 20 days, and 30 days. Antibacterial activities were evaluated with the inhibition zone by the agar diffusion test. The antibacterial activities of all antibacterial agents were sustained for 30 days. Among them, Bakuchiol, Bavachromene, and Bavachalcone showed higher antibacterial activities for up to 30 days. The antibacterial agents when mixed in the experimental fluoride varnish with increased and prolonged antibacterial activities can be applied to prevent dental caries effectively.

The long-term prognostic significance of maximal infarct transmurality evaluated by contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (CE-CMR) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients has yet to be determined. This study aimed to see if maximal infarct transmurality has any additional long-term prognostic value over other CE-CMR predictors in STEMI patients, such as microvascular obstruction (MVO) and intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH). The study included 112 consecutive patients who underwent CE-CMR after STEMI to assess established parameters of myocardial injury as well as the maximal infarct transmurality. The primary clinical endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), which included all-cause death, non-fatal reinfarction, and new heart failure hospitalization. The MACE occurred in 10 patients over a median follow-up of 7.9 years (IQR, 5.8 to 9.2 years) (2 deaths, 3 nonfatal MI, and 5 heart failure hospitalization). Patients with MACE had significantly higher rates of transmural extent of infarction, infarct size ＞5.4 percent, MVO, and IMH compared to patients without MACE. In stepwise multivariable Cox regression analysis, the transmural extent of infarction defined as 75 percent or more of infarct transmurality was an independent predictor of the MACE after correction for MVO and IMH (hazard ratio 8.7, 95% confidence intervals [CIs] 1.1-71; p=0.043).In revascularized STEMI patients, post-infarction CE-CMR-based maximal infarct transmurality is an independent long-term prognosticator. Adding maximal infarct transmurality to CE-CMR parameters like MVO and IMH could thus identify patients at high risk of long-term adverse outcomes in STEMI.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in metabolic parameters and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores of patients previously treated with atypical antipsychotic drugs other than paliperidone, after 8 weeks of treatment with paliperidone. METHODS: Changes in body weight, body mass index, leptin, lipid levels, fasting glucose, and PANSS scores of patients who switched from other atypical antipsychotic drugs to paliperidone were measured after 8 weeks of treatment with paliperidone. We compared these results with those of patients who had not been treated with antipsychotic drugs for at least 2 weeks prior to treatment with paliperidone (antipsychotic drug-free patients). RESULTS: The antipsychotic drug-free group (n = 9) did not show significant changes in metabolic parameters, but showed a significant improvement in total and subscale scores of PANSS. In the group that switched from other atypical antipsychotic drugs to paliperidone (n = 13), body weight, body mass index and fasting glucose level significantly increased, while total and subscale scores of PANSS significantly improved. CONCLUSIONS: Paliperidone treatment will benefit patients with schizophrenia who have been antipsychotic drug-free or who have had difficulty with other atypical antipsychotic drugs, with regard to their psychopathological state. However, if patients have been treated with other atypical antipsychotic drugs before switching to paliperidone, they could gain body weight or their fasting glucose level could increase over a short period because of a change in receptor number and sensitivity caused by the previously prescribed antipsychotic drugs, and hence, paliperidone should be prescribed with caution for these patients.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Humans ; Isoxazoles ; Leptin ; Pyrimidines ; Schizophrenia