HBx gene is a multifunctional regulator,which has extensive trans-activating effects,and can activate transcription factors,inhibit DNA repair and regulate cell proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis.In recent years,the role of HBx gene in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus-associated glomemlonephritis (HBV-GN) has been extensively studied,and the results show that HBx can promote glomerular mesangial cell proliferation,and induce damage or apoptosis of podocytes and renal tubular epithelial cells.This paper reviews the research progress on biological characteristics of HBx and its role in pathogenesis of HBV-GN.

Background The effectiveness of medical tissue adhesive for the reparation of operative incision has been recognized,but its influence to ocular surface microenvironment is not quite clear.Objective This study was to appraise the safety and efficacy of α-cyanoacrylate,a medical issue adhesive,for the reparation of the conjunctival and skin laceration.Methods Twenty healthy New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into suturing group and medical glue group.Routine ophthalmic examination,the level of tear secretion and breakup time of tear film (BUT) were tested before operation.The upper bulbar conjunctiva of each right eye was cut apart about 1.0 cm after surface anesthesia and the skin of back was incised about 2.5 cm length after local anesthesia.The conjunctival and skin lacerations were adhered with compound medical adhesive in the medical glue group,and continuous suture was done to repair the conjunctival laceration and interrupted suture to the skin laceration with 5-0 chorda serica chirurgicalis in the suture group.The routine ophthalmic examination,level of tear secretion,BUT and the states of wound healing were examined 1 day,2 days and 7 days postoperatively.Pathologic examination of the corresponding tissues was also carried out 1 week after the animals were sacrificed.The data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 statistical software.This experiment followed the Administration of the Care and Use of Experimental Animals of Shanghai City.Results The conjunctival and skin lacerations healed well both in the suture group and the medical glue group.The levels of tear secretion 1 day and 2 days postoperatively in the medical glue group were (12.70±2.21)mm and (12.70±2.00)mm respectively,showing a significant lowness in comparison with (14.90±2.38)mm and (14.90±2.33)mm of the suture group (q =-4.02,P =0.03;q =-4.02,P =0.03).Compared with the baseline,the difference of the levels of tear secretion in the medical glue group was not statistically significant in various time points after operation (P=1.00,1.00,0.51).The BUT values at 2 days and 7 days postoperatively in the medical glue group were (4.50 ± 1.18) seconds and (4.10±0.88) seconds respectively,being significantly longer than (3.30 ± 1.06) seconds and (3.00±1.25) seconds in the suture group (q=4.37,P=0.02;q=4.19,P=0.03).Compared with the baseline,there was not statistically significant difference at each time point postoperatively in the medical glue group (P =0.28,0.59,0.21).However,BUT at each time point after operation in the suture group was significantly shorter than that of the baseline (P=0.01,0.01,0.00).Pathological examination showed that all the conjunctival and skin lacerations healed well.Trivial collagen hyperplasy was seen in the eyes of the suture group and infiltration of a few of inflammatory cells was found in the medical glue group.In the pathological result of the skin test,there was conspicuous scar and severe collagen hyperplasy in the suture group,but in the medical glue group,the skin structure was almost normal.Conclusions α-Cyanoacrylate is safe and effective for the repair of the conjunctival incision with little affection to ocular surface microenvironment.

Objective To determine whether mutation of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) X gene is associated with hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN).Methods The venous blood was collected from 50 patients with HBV-GN and 60 patients with asymptomatic HBV carriers (control group).Serum HBV DNA was extracted to determine the serum titer of HBV-DNA and then polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the HBV X gene mutation.Results (1)There were not statistical significance between age and gender in HBV-GN group and control group (P ＞0.05).There were not statistical significance of serum replication level of HBV DNA in HBV-GN with X gene mutation and control group (P ＞ 0.05).Urine protein excretion in HBV-GN group with or without X gene mutation was found with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).(2)Nucleotide mutations [84％ (42/50)] resulted in amino acid substitution in HBV-GN.Nucleotide mutations changed in transfunction control region of X gene,including position nt1653,nt1726,nt1727,nt1730,nt1753,nt1762 and nt1764.(3)Nucleotide mutations [8％(5/60)] resulted in amino acid substitution in control group.Nucleotide mutations changed in position nt1632 and nt1635,located in non-functional region.Conclusions HBV X gene mutations and the subsequent amino acid substitutions are found in HBV-GN.The urine protein excretion level increases in patients with X mutation,suggesting that these mutations may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HBV-GN.

Objective To investigate the proliferation and analyze the protein expression of the Hela cells by the regulation of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) that acts as the donor of nitric oxide.Methods Cell morphology and MTT assay were used to analyze cell proliferation.Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and computer-assisted image analysis find the spots of interests. Difference of protein expression between GTN-treating group and control group was detected.Results Hela cells treated with 40?g/ml GTN in culture medium underwent inhibition of the growth activity, which were not clustered and shriveled. Some atypia cells were observed.Density of the cells was obviously decreased(0.0825, P

Objective:To retrieve and analyze the relevant literatures on vancomycin added into bone cement to provide the evi-dence for the treatment of osteomyelitis and other orthopedic infections. Methods:Search strategy and criteria of inclusion and exclu-sion for literatures were designed. PubMed, SCI, Embase, CNKI, VIP and the other databases were searched, and the articles from the establishment date to February 2014 were statistically analyzed using bibliometric methods. The final included documents were sta-tistically analyzed in respect of the article type, year, contents, citation frequency and the maln contents of the study. Results:A total of 1 941 articles were searched, and 430 of them were in the final inclusion. The total number of the articles in every year was in an es-calating trend. The paper focused on the research and analysis of clinical studies, and there were 74 clinical studies among the includ-ed literatures, which accounted for 17. 2% of all the included literatures. The highest citation frequency was 97 for one literature. The research included the overall situation, year distribution, publishing country, research type analysis, corresponding author and their in-stitutions, journals, citation frequency, and the maln content of work and clinical studies on vancomycin added into bone cement. The analysis could provide reference for the clinical treatment of orthopedic diseases. Conclusion: The results of the analysis show that vancomycin added into bone cement in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis is effective with high security, and the technology is ma-ture.

Background and purpose:It is difficult to diagnose gastric cancer at an early stage,thus the resectable probability of gastric cancer is low.This study was to explore the efficacy of neoajuvant chemotherapy in terms of resectablity for the patients with advanced gastric cancer.Methods:Eighty-six patients with advanced gastric cancer were randomly divided into routine surgical operation group and neoajuvant chemotherapy+surgical operation group.The patients were examined by CT before surgery.The patients in neoajuvant chemotherapy+surgical operation group received two cycles of neoajuvant chemotherapy,and then were evaluated by CT.Results:In routine surgical operation group,the overall resectability rate was 83.7%(36/43),and the curative resection rate was 46.5%(20/43), 16.3%(7/43)was done by exp.lap.In neoajuvant chemotherapy+surgical operation group,the overall resectability rate was 93.0%(40/43),and the curative resection rate was 69.8%(30/43),only 7.0%(3/43)was exp.lap.No mortality was observed.There were no significant difference between both groups in terms of toxicities.Conclusions:The overall resectability rate and the curative resection rate are increased in patients with advanced gastric cancer aider neoajuvant chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of baicalein on the gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) in the TM4 Sertoli cells of the mouse testis and its related mechanism.

METHODSWe measured the cytotoxicity of different concentrations of baicalein on the TM4 Sertoli cells in the mouse testis by MTT, detected the fluorescence transfer of the TM4 Sertoli cells by parachute assay, and determined the expression of the protein connexin 43 ( Cx43) in the baicalein-treated cells by Western blot and immunofluorescence assay.

RESULTSBaicalein produced no obvious cytotoxicity on the TM4 Sertoli cells at the concentration below 60 µmol/L but significantly increased their GJIC at 0-20 µmol/L (P < 0.01). Western blot and immunofluorescence assay showed that 0-20 µmol/L baicalein remarkably elevated the expression of Cx43 in the TM4 cells (P < 0.01) and on the membrane of the TM4 cells.

CONCLUSIONBaicalein at the concentration of 0-20 µmol/L can significantly enhance GJIC in mouse TM4 Sertoli cells by increasing the expression of the Cx43 protein.

Animals ; Cell Communication ; drug effects ; Connexin 43 ; metabolism ; Flavanones ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Gap Junctions ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Sertoli Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; ultrastructure

Objective To study the mechanics of moderate and severe brain injury of pedestrians in road traffic accident by establishing the virtual model of impact occipital bone injury.Methods The clinical data were used to analyze comlnon mode and characteristics of moderate and severe brain injury of pedestrians.Then,the corresponding finite element model built by using Hypermesh software was used to to analyze the changes of intracranial pressures and compare with injury characteristics by using Ls-Dyna soft-ware. Results The conlmon injury mode of moderate and severe brain injury of pedestrians wag the con-tact impact of occiputal part,characterized by"eontrecoup injury",mainly including subdural hemorrhage,extradural hemorrhage and contusion in the opposite parts to the impact point.The simtdation resuhs showed that when the impact was at right occiputal bone.the peak value of condensing force decreased from the right occipital lobe.to the left frontal lobe,while the peak value of tension increased gradually and reached maximum at the surface of left frontal lobe. Conclusions Moderate and severe brain injury of pedestrian is commonly caused by impacting the occiputal bone in road traffic accident.The tension deformation in frontal or temporal lobes and the distribution of vessels in grey matter may be main biomeehanies leading to "contrecoup injury".

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the comprehensive intervention program of Xinjiang and to analyze the main problems to provide references for the adjusting on the intervention strategies in future work.Methods Based upon the combination of reviewing literatures,field investigations and questionnaires,an overall evaluation was made on the effectiveness of the program,supportive policies and intervention measures,etc.Results Some progressions had been achieved in the early days.However,in recent years,the negligence of the work and failed coordination between the related governments,and unbenefitting policies for iodinated salt,were the main obstacles for the progress.Conclusions To improve the progress of controlling iodine deficiency disorders,the government should fully carry on its responsibility,giving supports both of policy and funds.Salt administrative sector should make favourable policies to benefit the local population.And health sector should coordinate the related sectors,and reinforce the health education and surveillance.

Background The pathological foundation of diabetic retinopathy is the breakdown of the bloodretina barrier induced by multifactors.Objective This study was to investigate the retinal morphologic change and the levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),endothelin(ET)and nitric oxide(NO)in diabetic rats.Methods Forty healthy female SD rats were randomly divided into experimental group and control group and 20 rats for each group.Acute diabetes models were established by the intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin in experimental group and the equal volume of buffer solution was injected at the same way in the control group.The serum VEGF level,ET level and NO concentration of diabetic and control rats were detected using ELISA double antibody sandwich method,125I radioimmune method and nitrate reduction method respectively at 2,4,6 and 8 weeks after injection.The eyeballs of rats were enucleated at the eighth week for retinal pathologic examination.This experiment followed the Measures for the administration of experimental animals of Shanghai City.Results The retinal structure was normal throughout the experimental duration in the control group.However,retinal edema and cellular disorganization appeared at 4 months and retinal blooding could be seen with the extending of diabetes course.The levels of serum VEGF and ET in each experimental group were significantly higher than those in control groups(P＜0.05).The levels of serum NO elevated in 2-month experimental group compared with same-phase control group(Z =-2.193,P＜0.05),and those in 6-and 8-month experimental groups were significantly lower than in corresponding control groups(Z =-2.449,Z =-2.236,P＜0.05).With the progression of the disease,the levels of VEGF and ET increased gradually,but the levels of NO decreased gradually,showing statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).The level of serum VEGF showed a positive correlation with serum ET level and a negative correlation with the serum NO concentration(r=-0.814,r=-0.803,P＜0.01)in the experimental group.A negative leaner relation was also found between serum ET level and serum NO concentration(r=0.821,P＜0.01).Conclusions The serum VEGF,ET and NO levels are closely associated with the degree of retinal lesion in early diabetic models.These results suggest that serum VEGF,ET and NO levels may be the important indexes predicting the course of retinal disease in diabetic rats.