Herpes simplex virusⅠ(HSVⅠ) regulating the pathway of transcription and translation modify in host cell is a very systematic and complicate system. A clear understanding of the concrete mechanisms of infection will greatly help to comprehend the virus replication and the interaction with the host cell. By the analysis of 2-DE, the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H2 in human fetal liver cell represent distinction after the HSVⅠinfection.Utilization of Northern blot and Western blot technologies verified the expression of hnRNP H2 in different stage of virus infection is varied.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics of brain contusion in children and discuss the corresponding treatment strategies.Methods From February 2013 to December 2017,the clinical data of 32 patients(aged 1-14 years)with cerebral contusion and treated in the department of brain of the affiliated hospital of armed police logistics college were collected,including 22 males and 10 females.The age of patients ranged from 1 to 13.5 years,with the average of(6.03 ± 3.96)years.Patients were divided into low age group(1-4 years old,n=14)and high age group(5-14 years old,n=18)according to their age.Data of the brain damage location and distribution,Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)/Children's Coma Scale (CCS), intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral edema, airway condition, traumatic epilepsy and electroencephalogram (EEG) were summarized and analyzed. Results The duration of hospitalization was 17-57 d, with the average of (34.2 ± 11.5)d.All the children were treated with hyperbaric oxygen for 14-51 d,with an average of(36.1±5.1)d.There were no significant differences in the depth of brain damage and the location of brain injury between the two age groups(P>0.05). The coma scores at the admission and the discharge were significantly lower in low age group than those of the high age group (P<0.05). The duration of ICP monitoring was 6-15 d, with the average of (7.5±2.0) d. The ICP level and the resonance index(RI)value of cerebral edema monitoring at the admission was higher in the low age group than those in the high age group(P<0.05).The abnormal time of RI was less in the low age group than that in the high age group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in seizures and EEG classification between two groups (P>0.05). There were 10 cases in each group received the transnasal intubation,and the average days with intubation were longer in the low age group than those of the high age group(P<0.05).Conclusion The clinical manifestations,imaging features,ICP,the degree of brain edema, seizures and airway management in children of different ages are different. The treatment should be carried out as soon as possible,actively and comprehensively,especially in the clinical management for the children of low age.

Objective To find out the major stress sources of contract nurses and investigate their influential factors.Methods Job stressors scale was used to measure 109 contract nurses of a hospital in Beijing.Results The mean stress level of contract nurses was 2.76.The major sources of stress were nursing specialty, workload and time distritmtion and nursing to patients.There was significant difference in the job stress of iob title or section(P<0.05).Conclusions The contract nurses'job stress is in a high level.Major stress resources of contract nurses include shift work.loW salary and welfare, a little chance to get retraining and worrying about nursing disputes and mistakes etc.The degrees of contract nurses'job stress are influenced by the different section offices and job titles.The managers of the hospital and the contract nurses themselves should work together to try to alleiate the contract nurses'job stress.

Objective To investigate the needs and its satisfaction degrees of the family members of ICU patients at the different stages. Methods 27 patients' family members who were complied to the selected standard were investigated by the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI) and the Needs Met Inventory (MNI) within 24 hours and after 72 hours separately after the patients were admitted in the ICU. Results The subscale of assurance of the patients was the important one of patients' family members' needs, so there was no statistical significance between the condition within 24 h and the condition after 72 h (P > 0.05). The conditions of support acquisition and comfort after 72 h were obviously higher than the conditions within 24 h, so the difference had statistical meaning (P < 0. 01). The degrees of satisfaction after 72 h was higher than that within 24 h. Sufficiency in information after 72 h was obviously higher than that within 24 h, showing a statisticeal meaning (P <0.01). Conclusions The needs and its satisfaction degrees of ICU patients' family members at the different stages are different. The ICU medical staff should pay full attention to all kinds of patients' needs, thereby increasing their satisfaction degrees.

Objective To investigate nurses' recognition on the related knowledge of cuffed balloons administration for patients with endotracheal tube. Methods Questionnaire survey on the recognition's degree on the related knowledge of cuffed balloons administration for patients with endotracheal tube were performed in several nurses in Beijing 731 hosiptal. Results Nurses' recognition on the knowledge of cuffed ballons administration for patients with endotracheal tube have some deficiency, however, the accuracy of evaluating the cuffed balloon's pressure scientifically is 34.8%. Comparing the degree of mastering cuffed balloon's inflating volume, deflating frequency, deflating time among the nurses from different section office, with different titles,whether have ICU work experience , whether have endtracheal intubation nursing experience, in all of the aspect above, the differences between them have statistically significant. (P<0.05) Especially, the nurse-in-charge's degree of mastering is much better than the other junior nurses obviously, so the difference have highly statistics significance (P<0. 01 ). ICU nurses with degree of mastering are better than nurses in other section offices (P<0. 05). Conclusions The rational cuffed balloon administration is very important in clinical nursing activity, more than all, the first step of recognjtion on the related cuffed balloon knowledge is the cuffed balloon administration. The suggestion is to carry out the hospital-wide forums and lectures, to strengthen cross-training among different section offices continuously, to improve the nursing technology level of cuffed balloon administration and to improve the nursing quality, could promote the rate of successful rescue of critical patient and reduce their pain.

BACKGROUNDThe production of neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from embryonic stem (ES) cells was usually very low according to previous studies, which was a major obstacle for meeting the needs of clinical application. This study aimed at investigating whether astrocytes could promote production of NSCs derived from ES cells in vitro.

METHODSMouse ES cells line-D3 was used to differentiate into NSCs with astrocytes as inducing stromal cells by means of three-stage differentiation procedure. Another group without astrocytes served as control. The totipotency of ES cells was identified by observation of cells' morphology and formation of teratoma in severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) mice. The quantity and purity of NSCs derived from ES cells were analyzed using clonogenic assay, immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry assay. The plasticity of NSCs was detected by differentiating test. Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4) and nestin, the specific marker genes of ES cells and NSCs respectively, were detected continuously using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method to monitor the process of cell differentiation.

RESULTSThe ES cells of D3 line could maintain the ability of differentiating into cellular derivations of all three primary germ layers after continuous passage culture. At the end of two-stage of inducing process, 23.2 +/- 3.5 neurospheres per plate formed in astrocyte-induced group and only 0.8 +/- 0.3 per plate in the control group (clonogenic assay, P < 0.01), and the ratio of nestin positive cells was (50.2 +/- 2.8)% in astrocyte-induced group and only (1.4 +/- 0.5)% in the control group (flow cytometry, P < 0.01). With the induction undergoing, the expression of Oct-4 gradually decreased and then disappeared, while the expression of nestin was increased step by step, and the ratio of nestin positive cells was up to 91.4% by the three-stage differentiation. The nestin positive cells could be further induced into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in differentiating medium supplemented with fetal calf serum. The results of differentiating test showed that the ratio of NF-200 and NSE positive cells was (42.7 +/- 2.6)% in astrocyte-induced group and only (11.2 +/- 1.8)% in the control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSAstrocytes can not only increase the production of NSCs derived from ES cells but also promote the differentiation of NSCs toward neuronal lineage.

Animals ; Astrocytes ; physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryo, Mammalian ; cytology ; Mice ; Neurons ; cytology ; Stem Cells ; cytology

Background and Objectives: Recent studies have described direct reprogramming of mouse and human somatic cells into induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) using various combinations of transcription factors. Although iNSC technology holds a great potential for clinical applications, the low conversion efficiency and limited reproducibility of iNSC generation hinder its further translation into the clinic, strongly suggesting the necessity of highly reproducible method for human iNSCs (hiNSCs). Thus, in orderto develop a highly efficient and reproducible protocol for hiNSC generation, we revisited the reprogramming potentials of previously reported hiNSC reprogramming cocktails by comparing the reprogramming efficiency of distinct factor combinations including ours. Methods: We introduced distinct factor combinations, OSKM (OCT4+SOX2+KLF4+C-MYC), OCT4 alone, SOX2 alone, SOX2+HMGA2, BRN4+SKM+SV40LT (BSKMLT), SKLT, SMLT, and SKMLT and performed comparative analysis of reprogramming potentials of distinct factor combinations in hiNSC generation. Results: Here we show that ectopic expression of five reprogramming factors, BSKMLT leads the robust hiNSC generation (>80 folds enhanced efficiency) from human somatic cells compared with previously described factor combinations. With our combination, we were able to observe hiNSC conversion within 7 days of transduction. Throughout further optimization steps, we found that both BRN4 and KLF4 are not essential for hiNSC conversion. Conclusions Our factor combination could robustly and reproducibly generate hiNSCs from human somatic cells with distinct origins. Therefore, our novel reprogramming strategy might serve as a useful tool for hiNSC-based clinical application.

Background The production of neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from embryonic stem (ES) cells was usually very low according to previous studies, which was a major obstacle for meeting the needs of clinical application. This study aimed at investigating whether astrocytes could promote production of NSCs derived from ES cells in vitro.Methods Mouse ES cells line-D3 was used to differentiate into NSCs with astrocytes as inducing stromal cells by means of three-stage differentiation procedure. Another group without astrocytes served as control. The totipotency of ES cells was identified by observation of cells' morphology and formation of teratoma in severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) mice. The quantity and purity of NSCs derived from ES cells were analyzed using clonogenic assay, immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry assay. The plasticity of NSCs was detected by differentiating test. Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4) and nestin, the specific marker genes of ES cells and NSCs respectively, were detected continuously using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method to monitor the process of cell differentiation. Results The ES cells of D3 line could maintain the ability of differentiating into cellular derivations of all three primary germ layers after continuous passage culture. At the end of two-stage of inducing process, 23.2±3.5 neurospheres per plate formed in astrocyte-induced group and only 0.8±0.3 per plate in the control group (clonogenic assay, P<0.01), and the ratio of nestin positive cells was (50.2±2.8)% in astrocyte-induced group and only (1.4±0.5)% in the control group (flow cytometry, P<0.01). With the induction undergoing, the expression of Oct-4 gradually decreased and then disappeared, while the expression of nestin was increased step by step, and the ratio of nestin positive cells was up to 91.4% by the three-stage differentiation. The nestin positive cells could be further induced into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in differentiating medium supplemented with fetal calf serum. The results of differentiating test showed that the ratio of NF-200 and NSE positive cells was (42.7±2.6)% in astrocyte-induced group and only (11.2±1.8)% in the control group (P<0.01).Conclusions Astrocytes can not only increase the production of NSCs derived from ES cells but also promote the differentiation of NSCs toward neuronal lineage.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)in the stomach,duodenum,and rectum have low occurrence,and the coexistence GISTs in three parts with neurofibromatosis type Ⅰ(NF-Ⅰ)is even rare.This paper reports a case of GISTs with a family history of NF-Ⅰ.There were multiple nodular masses of different sizes on the patient's face,trunk,and limbs.The patient was admitted due to chest tightness for 5 days and black stools for 1 day.Enhanced CT examination of the abdomen suggested multiple space-occupying lesions in the upper abdomen with multiple small nodules under the abdominal wall,and neurofibromatosis and intestinal stromal tumor cannot be excluded.Finally,surgical pathology confirmed that the multiple tumors in the abdominal cavity were GISTs.The case was confirmed as wild-type GISTs by genetic testing,and the patient recovered well nearly one year after the operation.
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/genetics* ; Humans ; Neurofibromatosis 1/genetics*

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of recombinant human anti-severe acute respiratory syn-drome coronavirus 2(anti-SARS-CoV-2)monoclonal antibody injection(F61 injection)in the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)combined with renal damage.Methods Patients with COVID-19 and renal damage who visited the PLA General Hospital from January to February 2023 were selected.Subjects were randomly divided into two groups.Control group was treated with conventional anti-COVID-19 therapy,while trial group was treated with conventional anti-COVID-19 therapy combined with F61 injection.A 15-day follow-up was conducted after drug administration.Clinical symptoms,laboratory tests,electrocardiogram,and chest CT of pa-tients were performed to analyze the efficacy and safety of F61 injection.Results Twelve subjects(7 in trial group and 5 in control group)were included in study.Neither group had any clinical progression or death cases.The ave-rage time for negative conversion of nucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2 in control group and trial group were 3.2 days and 1.57 days(P=0.046),respectively.The scores of COVID-19 related target symptom in the trial group on the 3rd and 5th day after medication were both lower than those of the control group(both P＜0.05).According to the clinical staging and World Health Organization 10-point graded disease progression scale,both groups of subjects improved but didn't show statistical differences(P＞0.05).For safety,trial group didn't present any infusion-re-lated adverse event.Subjects in both groups demonstrated varying degrees of elevated blood glucose,elevated urine glucose,elevated urobilinogen,positive urine casts,and cardiac arrhythmia,but the differences were not statistica-lly significant(all P＞0.05).Conclusion F61 injection has initially demonstrated safety and clinical benefit in trea-ting patients with COVID-19 combined with renal damage.As the domestically produced drug,it has good clinical accessibility and may provide more options for clinical practice.