Objective To investigate the most sensitive methods for diagnosing spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection (sICAD) and spontaneous vertebral artery dissection (sVAD) respectively,for the sake of earlier and more accurate diagnosis.Methods Consecutive patients with sICAD and sVAD who visited the Department of Neurology and Radiology,Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University during 2008-2013 were retrospectively reviewed and the sensitivity of CT angiography (CTA),magnetic resonance T1-weighted fat-suppressed images (MR T1-FS) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for the diagnosis of sICAD and sVAD was compared.Results Eighty patients (62 male,18 female; mean age (45.7 ± 11.9) years) were included in the study.There were 99 arterial dissections in total,45 cases of sICAD,52 cases of sVAD and 2 cases of spontaneous middle cerebral artery dissections.The sensitivity of CTA,DSA and MR T1-FS for diagnosing sICAD was 97.5％ (39/40),90.0％ (36/40) and 69.6％ (16/23) respectively,while for sVAD was 89.8％ (44/49),84.6％ (44/52) and 100.0％ (27/27) respectively.Conclusions sICAD and sVAD have significant differences in many aspects including diagnostic strategies.CTA and MR T1-FS seem to be the most sensitive methods for the diagnosis of sICAD and sVAD respectively.Although DSA has been considered as the gold standard for the diagnosis of artery dissection,this imaging technique does not allow analysis of artery wall thickness,thus also has limitations.It is likely that the diagnostic sensitivity will be improved by combining CTA and MR T1-FS.

Objective To investigate the infect capability of recombinant adenovirus mediated PDGF to human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods The PDGF cDNA sequence was amplified with RT-PCR and constructed recombinant adenovirus vector AdPDGF. The human umbilical cord derived MSCs were isolated and cultured. In vitro AdPDGF infected MSCs with various MOI,and determine the efficiency using FACS and fluorescence microscope. Trypan blue and MTT assay was used to detect cell viability and proliferation. ELISA was used to quantify PDGF secretion. Results Recombinant adenovirus AdPDGF was successfully and constructed,in which infection efficiency to MSCs was dose dependent. The highest efficiency was around 87.36 % when MOI =50,at which cell viability and proliferation wasn' t impaired. Cell viability of uninfected,AdPDGF infected and control virus infected MSCs was (97.8 ±2.3) %,(91.9±4.0) % and (92.8±4.0) %,separately. The cell proliferation was (100±16.8) %,(95.9±12.0) % and (87.5±9.7) %,separately. There was no statistic significance among AdPDGF infected,control virus infected and uninfected MSCs. 48 hrs post infection,PDGF secretion can be measured from infectious MSCs' supernatant. The secretion level was (1.53±0.37),(3.03±0.68) and (5.25±0.92) ng/ml,separately,when MOI= 10,30,50. No PDGF can be detected from MSC-GFP and control MSC group. Conclusion Recombinant adenovirus AdPDGF was constructed and can infect human umbilical cord derived MSC at high efficiency.

Objective Gambogic acid ( GA) can suppress the growth of multiple tumor cells , including gastric carcinoma , hepatoma , hematologic neoplasms and breast carcinoma , but there have been few reports about its effect on urologic neoplasms .This study was to investigate the possible mechanisms of GA inducing bladder cancer cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest . Methods We cultured human bladder cancer BIU8-7 cell lines in vitor and treated the cells in the logarithmic growth phase with isotonic saline solu-tion (negative control)or GA at the concentrations of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0μmol/L, respectively.We determined the expression of the Caspase-3 protein in the tumor tissue using the immunohistochemical S-P method and detected GA-induced apoptosis of the bladder cancer cells and cell cycle changes by flow cytometry . Results The expressions of the Caspase-3 protein were 4.28 ±1.86, 5.03 ± 0.78, and 6.47 ±1.31 in the 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0μmol/L GA groups, respectively, significantly higher than 2.13 ±1.27 in the nega-tive control (P<0.05).Flow cytometry showed a gradual decrease of the cells in the G 0/G1 phase and a gradual increase in the G2/M phase , but no obvious change in the S phase . Conclusion Gambogic acid can promote the apoptosis , arrest the cell cycle , and in-hibit the proliferation of bladder cancer cells by increasing the expression of the Caspase -3 protein.

BACKGROUND:Osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease, is not only a result from the breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone, but also an imbalance of bone remodeling and crosstalk among tissues in the joints. OBJECTIVE: To review the effect of bone-cartilage crosstalk in the progression of osteoarthritis and its new treatment strategy. METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed for relevant literatures about the relationship between the progress of osteoarthritis and the bone-cartilage crosstalk published from 2007 to 2017. The keywords were cartilage, interaction, osteoarthritis, pathogenesis, cytokines, signaling pathway in English and Chinese, respectively. The relationship between the progress of osteoarthritis and the bone-cartilage crosstalk was summarized in views of cytokines, signaling pathway, and new treatment strategy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 169 articles were retrieved, and finally 54 eligible papers were enrolled based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There is a close physical association between subchondral bone and cartilage, and the bone-cartilage interface is a functioning synergistic unit. Increased vascularization, micro-crack formation and abnormal bone remodeling may accelerate the molecules transporting from cartilage to bone in osteoarthritis. Therefore, the bone-cartilage crosstalk plays a pivotal role in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of clonorchiasis among residents of Huachuan Country,Heilongjiang Province and to provide a basis for development of control strategies.Methods From 2011 to 2012,cluster random sampling was performed to survey the incidence of clonorchiasis in Huachuan Country.Fecal specimens were collected and examined the clonorchis sinensis eggs by Kato-Katz method.A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect related information such as age,gender,occupation and eating habits.The infection characteristic was analyzed.Results Totally 884 patients with clonorchiasis were found among 2248 residents,and the infection rate was 39.32％.The infection rate in male[47.15％(611/1296)] was significantly higher than females [28.68％(273/952),x2 =34.55,P ＜ 0.01].The infection rate increased with age,which was higher in the 20-69 years old people,with the highest infection rate in the 50-59 years old groups[45.34％ (219/483)].Of the occupational distribution,farmers had the highest infection rate [47.24％ (420/889)],followed by cadres and staffs[38.38％(190/495)].Of residents with fresh fish eating history,the prevalence of clonorchiasis was 53.38％(150/281).Conclusions The prevalence of clonorchiasis is still high in Huachuan County.To reduce the prevalence of clonorchiasis,comprehensive prevention measures,health education and group chemotherapy should be carried out.

Lysostaphin is highly effective on eliminating methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In order to achieve controlled release of lysostaphin, a biocompatible drug carrier is needed. Hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HA/CS) composites were chosen to carry lysostaphin and sample composites with different weight ratios of HA to CS, including 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 40/60, were prepared. Multiple analyses were performed to determine the structural and physicochemical properties of the composites, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. We immersed HA/CS composites loaded with 1 wt% lysostaphin to test in vitro release activity and cultured MC3T3-E1 cells to carry out biocompatibility test. The result of the release behavior of the composites revealed that the controlled release of lysostaphin from 60/40 HA/CS composites was the highest release rate of (87.4 ± 2.8)%, which lasted for 120 hours. In biocompatibility testing, MC3T3-E1 cells were able to proliferate on the surface of these composites, and the extract liquid from the composites could increase the growth of the cells. These results demonstrate the controlled release of lysostaphin from HA/CS composites and their biocompatibility, suggesting the potential application of these composites to bone injury and infection applications.
3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Durapatite ; chemistry ; Lysostaphin ; pharmacology ; Materials Testing ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; X-Ray Diffraction

An expression plasmid carrying anthrax protective antigen (PA) gene was constructed, which has an OmpA signal sequence attached to the 5' end of PA gene. The plasmid was transformed into E. coli and induced to express recombinant PA (rPA) . The recombinant protein, about 10% of the total bacterial protein in volume, was secreted to the periplasmic space of the cell. After a purification procedure including ion-exchange, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and gel filtration, about 15 mg of 95 % pure rPA was obtained from 1-liter culture. The bioactivity of rPA was proved by in vitro cytotoxicity assay. The polyclonal antiserum from rabbits immunized with rPA could inhibit the action of anthrax lethal toxin in vitro, which suggests that antibodies against rPA can provide high passive protection against anthrax. The results reported here may be helpful to develop a safe and efficacious recombinant PA vaccine against anthrax.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Anthrax Vaccines ; immunology ; Antigens, Bacterial ; chemistry ; genetics ; immunology ; toxicity ; Bacterial Toxins ; chemistry ; genetics ; immunology ; toxicity ; Base Sequence ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plasmids ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; immunology

Objective To establish a neural network model based on enhanced CT for distinguishing ISUP grade of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods We collected 131 cases of ccRCC, with 92 cases of low ISUP grade and 39 cases of high ISUP grade. Patients were divided into training set and validation set according to 5:5 stratified sampling. The enhanced CT images of each ccRCC patient were evaluated by the radiologist. Recursive feature elimination (RFE) was used to reduce the dimension of patients' general features and enhanced CT features, which was used for neural network modeling and validation. Results Patients' general features and enhanced CT features were verified by RFE method and then reduced to 14 features. The top 5 features were growth pattern, necrosis, enlargement of lymph nodes, tumor size and capsule. The AUC of the neural network model based on these 5 features in training set was 0.8844 (95%CI: 0.8062-0.9626), sensitivity was 89.47% and specificity was 82.61%; and those in validation set were 0.7924 (95%CI: 0.6567-0.9280), 75.00% and 86.96%, respectively. Conclusion The neural network model of ccRCC ISUP grade based on enhanced CT has relatively high diagnostic efficiency.

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of frontal recess cells in Chinese patients who did not have frontal sinus disease related symptoms.

METHODSForty-nine Chinese patients without frontal sinus disease symptoms were undergone spiral computed tomography (CT). Then multiplanar reconstruction images were evaluated using a standard triplanar reconstruction protocol on a computer workstation.

RESULTSThe prevalence of agge rnasi cell was 94% (92/98). Sixty-four uncinate processes (65%, 64/98) had one superior attachment for each uncinate process, the other thirty-four uncinate processes (35%, 34/98) had two superior attachments for each uncinate process. The uncinate process' single superior attachment into the surrounding structures was identified to have the following distribution: 53% (52/98) to the lamina papyracea, 9% (9/98) to the middle turbinate, 3% (3/98) to the skull base. Most of the uncinate process' two superior attachments were either into the lamina papyracea and the skull base (24%, 23/98) or into the lamina papyracea and the middle turbinate (10%, 10/98). Only one uncinate process (1%) superiorly attached to the skull base and the middle turbinate. The prevalence of recessus terminalis was 87% (85/98). Of all the frontal cells identified in 32 sides (33%) of frontal recesses, the prevalence of type I, type II, type II and type IV cells were 23% (23 sides), 2% (2 sides), 7% (7 sides) and 0% (0 side) respectively. Supra bullar cell, frontal bullar cell and interfrontal septal cell were identified in 30 sides (31%), 7 sides (7%) and 7 patients (14%) respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe result characterized normal frontal recess pneumatization in Chinese. That, together with the variations of the uncinate process' superior attachment emphasized the roles of agger nasi cell and the uncinate process in endoscopic frontal sinus surgery.

Adult ; Anatomy, Regional ; Female ; Frontal Sinus ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Young Adult