Cardiovascular Diseases ; prevention & control ; China ; Humans

Cardiovascular Diseases ; prevention & control ; China ; Humans

Cardiovascular Diseases ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Metabolic Syndrome

Cardiovascular Diseases ; psychology ; Humans ; Life Style

Objective To explore the serum lactic acid,transaminase and their relationship with liver pathological damage in sepsis rats,whether a correlation exists between serum lactate clearance rate and transaminase in sepsis rats,and whether they can be used as indicators for the prediction and evaluation of septic rats liver injury.Methods A total of 150 clean Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was divided into normal group (n =50),sham operated group (n =50),and the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) (n =50).Ten rats were killed after successful surgery at the 6th,12th,24th,48th,and 72nd hour in CLP group,respectively.At each time point,10 normal rats and 10 sham-operated rats were taken as a control in the corresponding time point.The liver tissue was obtained for pathological analysis.The levels of lactate and liver transaminase were detected and the lactate clearance rate was calculated.The levels of lactate and transaminase at each time point were statistically compared.The correlation analysis was performed among serum lactate,transaminase,and liver damage pathological changes.Results The rat hepatocytes in CLP group begin to appear at the 6th hour,and the damage was gradually enhanced at the 12th,24th,and 48th,and up to the worst damage at the 48th time point.The levels of lactate and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)in CLP group at the 12th and 24th hour were significantly elevated compared with the normal and sham operation groups (P ＜0.05); The level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in CLP group at the 6th,12th,24th,48th,and 72nd hour was significantly elevated compared with the normal and sham operation groups (P ＜ 0.05).A positive correlation was found between the levels of ALT and lactate (r =0.766,P ＜0.05),and a negative correlation was found between lactate clearance rate and ALT (r =-0.712,P ＜0.05).Conclusions In septic rats,both lactate and lactate clearance rate were correlated with ALT,and they were correlated with liver pathological damage.The level of lactate,lactate clearance rate,and ALT could be used as the key indicators to predict liver damage in septic rats.

Twenty cases of infantile eczema were treated by combination of Tuina therapy and Western medications, and 18 cases were treated by Western medications. The therapeutic effective rate was respectively 100% and 90.0% in the two groups, with a difference between them (P＜ 0.01).

The Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and has emerged as a key player in the control of multiple metabolic pathways. Bile acids are the major endogenous ligands for FXR, and by activating FXR have a variety of target genes, many of which are geared toward pre- venting synthesis and uptake and promoting excretion of bile acids. Here we summarized the latest results from studies on FXR target genes and functions in bile acids metabolism in this article.

The liver regeneration is closely related to the bile acids. To avoid the toxic effects of bile acids on hepatocyte, the state of bile secretion, the rate-limiting enzyme of the bile acid synthesis, bile acids composition as well as the transporter changes at the process of liver regeneration. In vivo and in vitro experiments show that bile acids can promote liver cell proliferation, liver regeneration may be related to the signal which is released under the bile acid imbalance. The relationship between the liver regeneration and bile acid metabolism has an important practical significance in liver regeneration.

Objective To investigate the effect of the lack of intestinal bile on liver regeneration after hepatectomy.Methods The model of interference with intestinal bile acid metabolism in rats was established by feeding rats with 0.2% cholic acid(cholic acid loading group), 2% cholestyramine resin(lack of bile group)and feeding the standard diet as the control group.Liver regeneration was compared among the 3 groups at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 7 d after 70% partial hepatectomy(PH)in rats and mRNA expression of the rate-limiting enzyme of bile acid biosynthesis(CYP7a1)and farnesoid X receptor (FXR)were detected.Results The rate of liver regeneration was significantly lower on days 3 and 7after PH in the lack of bile group than in the other groups(P＜0.05).On day 1, the labeling indices of PCNA and Ki-67 in the lack of bile group(22.21% ±2.31%、 17.25 % ± 6.50 %)were lower than those in the cholic acid loading group(44.4%±4.92%、 30.83% ± 3.91%)and control group (38.74% ±6.42% 、27.04% ±7.22%)and the peaking of labeling indices was delayed.After PH, the mRNA expression of FXR was significantly lower in the lack of bile group than in other groups.However, CYP7al mRNA had a trend towards increase after PH and was higher than that in other groups.Conclusion Lack of intestinal bile results in delayed liver regeneration of normal rat liver accompanied by decreased expression of FXR mRNA after hepatectomy.

Hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a nuclear protein with transcription activity, can make the body produce adaptive response to hypoxia/ischemia by binding to target gene, transcription and post-transcriptional control. Ischemic tolerance refers to the adaptive response to transient ischemia and reperfusion, which can improve tissue tolerance during the following damage caused by more severe ischemic events. The recent studies have found that the expression of HIF-1 has an important significance in ischemic tolerance. HIF-1 may be a key factor of the oxygen signal transduction pathway in the development of cerebral ischemic tolerance.