Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestine mediated by abnormal immunological mechanism caused by multiple etiological factors.The main treatment at present is anti-inflammation and immunosuppression,but with severe side effects and poor efficacy.Vitamin D3 has immunoregulatory,anti-inflammatory,and antineoplastic functions.Vitamin D,as a novel immunoregulator,may provide a new treatment option for patients with IBD.This article will review the research progress on the following four aspects:the relationship of vitamin D with innate immunity,adaptive immunity,and pathogenesis of IBD,and vitamin D supplement in IBD patients.

AlM: To study the correlation between and the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer ( RNFL ) thickness, structure changes in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( NPDR) and the the changes of visual function
METHODS:Eighty cases ( 80 eyes ) of patients with NPDR who were in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2013 as group NPDR, 60 cases of patients ( 60 eyes) without retinopathy who were in the hospital were selected as non-diabetic retinopathy group ( NRD) group, meanwhile, 50 healthy people who had health examination in our hospital as control group. The RNFL thickness and visual electrophysiological testing were performed on the study objects in the three groups, and the results were compared among groups.
RESULTS: Group NPDR's above, below, nasal, temporal and average RNFL thickness were 91. 52 ± 18. 52, 88.63±21. 65, 63. 62±11. 72, 60. 42±9. 13, 69. 36±12. 52μm, those of group NPDR were 111. 32 ± 21. 90, 113. 57 ± 22. 67, 74.31±11. 74, 67. 64±12. 34, and 97. 31±11. 43μm,those of group control were 121. 65±21. 42, 129. 32±23. 31, 82. 42±9. 28, 80. 32±8. 51, 102. 54±21. 82μm. To compare of average thickness of RNFL of three groups, groups NPDR and NPD were thinner than that of control group;To compare each quadrant phase, above, below, nasal, the RNFL thickness among three groups had statistical significance (P<0.05), while nasal sides had no obviously changes (P>0. 05);At the same time, 60′P100 latency (MS), 60′P100 amplitude ( V ) , 15′ P100 latency ( MS ) and 15′ P100 amplitude ( V) of three groups had statistical significance (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSlON: The changes of RNFL thickness have occurred in the early time of NPDR, and mainly the above, below and temporal , and it has a significant relevance with the changes of visual function.

Enophthalmos ; surgery ; Humans ; Orbital Fractures ; diagnosis ; surgery

Computer-Aided Design ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Maxillofacial Injuries ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Craniocerebral Trauma ; surgery ; Humans ; Maxillofacial Injuries ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods

BackgroundMüller cells has been recognized as being vital in both healthy and diseased retina.Recently,these cells even have been identified to be the source of retinal progenitor cells.In order to study the possible function of the retinal Müller cells,it is important to establish a practical procedure to obtain the purified cells. ObjectiveThis study was to simplify the procedure of primary culture and purification of retinal Müller cells in vitro. MethodsEyeballs of SPF newborn SD rats were enucleated and retinas were dissected free after soaking the eyeballs overnight in DMEM/F12 medium in room temperature.Then the retinas were mechanically dissociated into micro aggregates and cultured in DMEM/F12 medium containing 10％ FBS for 8-10 days.The floating retinal aggregates and debris were removed and the medium was changed in 2-3 days interval to get more purified flat cell population.Cultured cells were passaged after confluent.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the response to glutamine synthetase (GS) and Vimentin for the identification of the cultured Müller cells,and flow cytometry (FCM) was used to estimate the purity of the cells. Results Cultured Müller cells had large cellular body and richer cytoplasm.More than 95％ of the cells showed the positive response for GS with the brown staining in cytoplasm and cellular nuclei,and the positive stainiug also was seen for Vimentin in cytoplasm.FCM showed that 99.7％ of the cells were GS positive after 3 passages.Conclusions Modified procedure in this experiment is a simple and practical method for culturing retinal Müller cells.

Retina is subjected to many acquired and inherited neuronal degenerative diseases such as agerelated macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). All of these diseases are associated with the progressive damage and loss of photoreceptors, which is causing visual impairment and irreversible blindness. Stem-cell therapy is being widely considered as a promising treatment of these incurable retina diseases. However, in mammals including humans, there seems to be little or no recovery of lost cells. By contrast, nonmammalian vertebrates, such as amphibians and fish, have robust regenerative responses to injury, which can lead to the near complete restoration of the neurons lost through injury. Nevertheless ,over the past several years, studies have investigated that stem cells do exist in the adult mammalian eyes, and at least some types of neurons can be regenerated in the mammalian retina by stimulating with growth factors or transcription factors. These recent results suggest that some part of the regenerative program occurring in lower vertebrates remains in the mammalian retina.Here, the origin of various of adult retinal stem cells for the self-renewal and proliferation. and the relevant influencing factors were summarized.

Tumor lymphatic endothelial cells play an important role in tumor metastasis and affect the treatment outcomes and the long-term survival. Studying the characteristics of tumor lymphatic endothelial cells such as morphology, cell biology and molecular biology, will provide a good platform for the deep research on the mechanism of tumor metastasis, which can prevent the spread of tumor cells and provide effective evidence for the clinical prevention and treatment of cancer. Recently, the research on tumor lymphatic endothelial cells has improved rapidly. This paper reviews the current research on tumor lymphatic endothelial cells, and hopes to provide the references for the study of tumorigenesis and metastasis. Copyright© 2011 by the Editorial Board of Tumor.

Objective To study metabolism of polyunsantured fatty acid (PUFA) and to investigate the relationship between different PUFA compositions and △6 desaturase (D6D) activity in colorectal carcinoma (CRC).Methods Fresh frozen malignant CRC tissues were obtained from 61 patients and blood samples were detected in 38 patients.The PUFA composition in these samples was determined by gas-liquid chromatography on a capillary column.The fatty acid product-to-precursor ratios in blood and tissue as estimates of desaturase activity (D6D activity index),and its relationship with the ratios between different PUFA compositions were investigated.Results Metabolism of ω-6 PUFA dominated in PUFA metabolism path.The ratio of ω-6/ω-3 PUFA was 4.89 in blood samples and 10.15 in tissues.The ratio of LA/ALA was 101.92 in blood samples and 86.16 in tissues.The ratio of ω-6/ω-3 LC-PUFA was 2.86 in blood samples and 4.51 in tissues.The D6D activity index in ω-6 PUFA metabolic processes both in tissues (t =1 1.609,P =0.00) and blood samples (t =-9.151,P =0.00) were higher than that in ω-3 PUFA.Conclusion In colorectal carcinoma,the ω-6 PUFA metabolic not only plays an important role in the metabolism of PUFA,but also is more active than the ω-3 PUFA metabolic,and in some way links to the development of tumorigenesis in CRC.

Objective To compare the clinical effect of simple volar or dorsal plate fixation of intra-articular distal radius fracture.Methods This retrospective study included 42 patients with closed intra-articular distal radius fracture treated surgically using the dorsal or volar plate.Out of the 15 patients in dorsal plating group 5 were males and 10 females at age of (55 ± 7)years (range, 48-62 years), 13 were injured from falls and 2 traffic accidents, 10 were classified as AO type C3 and 5 AO type C2.Out of the 27 patients in volar plating group 8 were males and 19 females at age of (56 ± 6)years (range, 50-62 years), 24 were injured from falls and 3 traffic accidents, 17 were classified as AO type C3 and 10 AO type C2.Between-group differences were compared with respect to wrist range of motion, postoperative radiographic parameters, postoperative complications, disabilities of the ann, shoulder and hand (DASH) score and Gartland-Werley score.Results All the patients were followed up for 11-25 months.There were no significant differences in the wrist range of motion and radiographic parameters between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Volar plating group resulted in a significantly better Gartland-Werley score compared to dorsal plating group [1 vs 4 points, P ＜ 0.05], but no significant difference was noted in DASH score (P ＞ 0.05).Four patients (27％) in dorsal plating group developed tendon adhesions and tenolysis was in demand, but one patients (4％) in volar plating group was complicated by median nerve symptoms (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Although the DASH score of the two methods was similar, volar plating yields better results in Gartland-Werley score and complication incidence.Thus the volar plating is recommended for intra-articular distal radius fracture.