In order to evaluate the changes in T cell subsets after acute irradiation injury, and investigate the mechanism of deficiency of cellular immunity in acute irradiation syndrome, Balb/c mice were exposed to a single total body irradiation of 5Gy gamma rays from a 60 Co source. On days 10, 28 and 120, the amounts of CD4 + and CD8 + subsets in spleen cells were evaluated by flow cytometry (FCM), and expression of IL 4 gene in ConA stimulated spleen cells was evaluated by reverse transcription linked polymerase chain reaction, in which ?-actin gene was used as an internal control. It was found that after irradiation, the ratio of CD4 + /CD8 + became significantly higher than that of the controls, and then the ratio lowered gradually until day 120. However, it still did not return to the level of the controls. On day 10, expression of IL 4 gene at mRNA level increased significantly. The results indicated that CD8 + subset was more radiosensitive than CD4 + , and the pattern of cytokine seeretion shifted to that of Th2 soon after irradiation.

Practice abilityoriented professional quality training is an important part of thethree orientation talent training mode in Qiqihar Medical School, and it is the key link of the reform and inno-vation of talent training mode. This article mainly expounds the connotation of training mode in the three orientation under the guidance of medical personnel and medical research ability, and the training objec-tives cover innovative thinking ability and scientific research ability, including five aspects of training strat-egy such as reforming the teaching mode of the traditional theory course, setting up scientific research related courses, carrying out academic lecture, reforming the teaching mode of experiment course and con-structing the scientific research team of teachers and students by the scientific research project as well as seven aspects of the evaluation system, such as the literature review, the title of the report, academic report and research application writing, scientific research (comprehensive) experiment report, thesis writing and comprehensive performance, and deeply analyzes the close relationship between the practice ability and the medical research ability of medical students.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of operative treatment of scapular fractures through modified Judet approach.

METHODSFrom January 1997 to October 2005, 21 patients (15 females, 6 males; mean age 34 years) of scapular fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation through the modified Judet approach. According to Hardegger classification system, there were 11 patients of scapular body fractures, 10 patients of scapular neck fractures, 8 patients of glenoid rim fractures, 7 patients of glenoid fossa fractures, 9 patients of scapular spine fractures, and 6 patients of scapular acromion fractures.

RESULTSEighteen patients were followed up with an average of 21 months (range 6 months-4 years). According to Rowe scores system, 12 patients showed excellent, 3 showed good, 2 showed fair, and 1 showed poor.

CONCLUSIONSThe modified Judet approaches have the advantages of wide exploration, safety, and easy fixation. It is a good choice to the operation for most types of scapular fractures through the modified Judet approach.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Scapula ; injuries ; Treatment Outcome

Background Apurinic apyrimidinic endonuclease/redox effector factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1) is an important enzyme in the repair of reactive oxygen species-induced DNA damage,and its expression/activation can be induced by reactive oxygen species.The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between multiple-organ injuries and expression of Ref-1 in the early period after liver transplantation.Methods One hundred and fifty adult male Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups:liver transplantation,sham surgery,and untreated control.After liver transplantation,animals were sacrificed at different time points.Hepatic and renal functions were analyzed by serology.Histology,apoptotic levels,and Ref-1 expression were examined by immunohistochemistry in the liver,kidneys,intestines,and lungs.Results Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase peaked 6 hours after liver transplantation and decreased appreciably after 12 hours in the transplantation group,suggesting that the degree of liver injury in the early period after transplantation peaked at 6 hours and then decreased.Pathological analyses showed that hepatic tissues were more severely injured in the transplantation group than in the sham and untreated groups.A considerable number of infiltrating inflammatory cells was observed around the portal vein in the transplantation group.Injuries to the kidneys,intestines,and lungs were milder after liver transplantation.Apoptotic levels increased after liver transplantation in all four organs examined.Ref-1 expression was higher in the transplantation group in the early period after liver transplantation than in the sham surgery and untreated control groups.Conclusion Ref-1 expression induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury may have a critical role in repairing multiple-organ injuries after liver transplantation.

Objective To study the effect of administration of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist capsazepine (CPZ) into the nucleus accumbens (NAc) on the regulation of body weight and fat accumulation in rats, and evaluate the therapeutic effect of CPZ on neuropathic obesity. Methods Forty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=8), namely, control group (without giving any treatment),group A (performed intra-NAc injection of 1 nmol/mL CPZ),group B (performed intra-NAc injection of 10 nmol/mL CPZ),group C (performed injection of 10 nmol/mL CPZ via the areas adjacent to NAc) and group D (performed injection of 10 nmol/mL CPZ via the dorsal striatum); rats of the later 4 groups were given 1 μL CPZ daily for a consecutive 3 d.The body weight of rats from different treatment groups 1 and 3 weeks after the injection was measured and compared them to that of the control group.Then,the animals were sacrificed,the body fat content of each group was evaluated. Results The body weight in rats of group A 1 week after the injection increased (126.31± 10.25)％ as compared with their original weight, and that in rats of control group increased (148.78±6.98)％ as compared with their original weight, which showed significant difference between the 2 increment (P＜0.05); the body weight in rats of group B 1 week after the injection increased (115.87± 13.90)％ as compared with their original weight, which showed significant decrease as compared with that in the control group (P＜0.05); The body weight in rats of group B 3 week after the injection increased (132.82±15.8)％ as compared with their original weight, and that in rats of control group increased (164.86±6.34)％ as compared with their original weight,which showed significant difference between the 2 increment (P＜0.05).Furthermore,the body fat content in group B was significantly lower than that of other groups (P＜0.05). Conclusion Blockade of NAc TRPV1 receptor by CPZ has significant inhibitory central adjusting effect on body weight and fat content in rats; and TRPV1 antagonist may potentially serve as a specific drug for neuropathic obesity.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate surgical treatment of obstructing colorectal cancer.

METHODSFrom July 1993 to July 2003, clinical data of 297 cases undergoing emergency operation for obstructing colorectal cancer were analyzed retrospectively. There were 103 cases with right-sided lesion and 194 cases with left- sided lesion.

RESULTSAll patients received emergency operation. Stage i tumor resection and anastomosis were performed in 126 patients including 98 cases with right- sided lesion and 28 with left- sided lesion, total or subtotal colectomy in 108,Hartmann operation in 36,Dixon operation in 9, ileocolic anastomosis in 11,and colostomy in 7 cases. Postoperative complications occurred in 53 cases (17.8% ) including incision infection, intraperitoneal infection and intestinal fistula. There were 17 perioperative deaths. Two hundred and eighty cases healed (94.3% ).

CONCLUSIONStage i tumor resection and anastomosis and total or subtotal colectomy are feasible and safe surgical procedures for obstructing colorectal cancers.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; Colectomy ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; etiology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

AIMTo study the protective effect of sodium pyruvate on ischemia/reperfusion injury following hemorrhagic shock.

METHODSRat models of hemorrhagic shock were built up. When the shed blood was infused, the rats were also randomly provided by one of normal saline, glutathione and sodium pyruvate. Rats were killed 3 hours after the reperfusion, the activity of plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), the level of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) were detected. Biopsy specimens were obtained to investigate morphological changes of the myocardial, hepatic, lung and renal tissue.

RESULTSThe activity of plasma LDH and GOT, the level of MDA of hepatic, lung and renal tissue and the activity of MPO of myocardial, lung and renal tissue decreased remarkably in group given sodium pyruvate compared with group given normal saline, and the effect of group given sodium pyruvate was more remarkable than group given glutathione.

CONCLUSIONThese data support the view that sodium pyruvate shows protective effect on ischemia/reperfusion injury following hemorrhagic shock. It is possibly relevant to scavenging of oxygen free radicals, reduction of neutrophil, and anti-inflammatory response.

Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Disease Models, Animal ; Kidney ; metabolism ; pathology ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; blood ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; analysis ; Peroxidase ; analysis ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Pyruvic Acid ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; blood ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Shock, Hemorrhagic ; blood ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo develop a novel scaffolding method for the copolymers poly lactide-co-glycolide acid (PLGA) to construct a three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold and explore its biocompatibility through culturing Schwann cells (SCs) on it.

METHODSThe 3-D scaffolds were made by means of melt spinning, extension and weaving. The queueing discipline of the micro-channels were observed under a scanning electronic microscope (SEM).The sizes of the micropores and the factors of porosity were also measured. Sciatic nerves were harvested from 3-day-old Sprague Dawley (SD) rats for culture of SCs. SCs were separated, purified, and then implanted on PLGA scaffolds, gelatin sponge and poly-L-lysine (PLL)-coated tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) were used as biomaterial and cell-supportive controls, respectively. The effect of PLGA on the adherence, proliferation and apoptosis of SCs were examined in vitro in comparison with gelatin sponge and TCPS.

RESULTSThe micro-channels arrayed in parallel manners, and the pore sizes of the channels were uniform. No significant difference was found in the activity of Schwann cells cultured on PLGA and those on TCPS (P larger than 0.05), and the DNA of PLGA scaffolds was not damaged.

CONCLUSIONThe 3-D scaffolds developed in this study have excellent structure and biocompatibility, which may be taken as a novel scaffold candidate for nerve-tissue engineering.

Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Lactic Acid ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Schwann Cells ; cytology ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; Tissue Scaffolds

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility and efficacy of transanal specimen extraction in laparoscopic colorectal resection.

METHODSFrom January 2009 to December 2010, transanal specimen extraction technique was performed in 12 patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resection. The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSThere were 8 males and 4 females. The age ranged from 41 to 67 (mean, 58) years old. The mean operative time was (240±45) min, mean blood loss was (70±40) ml. There was no anastomotic leakage or stenosis. One patient with constipation suffered from intractable right lower abdominal pain and was managed with antispasmodic agents. The frequency of bowel movements was 3-7/d in the 5 patients with constipation and 1-2/d in patients with colorectal carcinoma at six months postoperatively. No local recurrence and metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer after follow-up of 1-20 months.

CONCLUSIONTransanal specimen extraction in laparoscopic colorectal resection is feasible, safe, and reliable.

Adult ; Aged ; Anal Canal ; surgery ; Colectomy ; methods ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To help the medical student to master the principle and operation of magnetic resonance imaging instrument.Methods The imaging principle,structure and functions of HT-3DNMR-25 magnetic resonance imaging instrument were described,and its application to experiment teaching was introduced including one-dimension imaging,two-dimension imaging,free induction decay signal observation and etc.Results The instrument facilitated the student to master technical principle,imaging method as well as parameters setup and regulation,and could be a supplement to clinical practical teaching.Conclusion The instrument plays an irreplaceable role in teaching,and thus is worthy promoting in colleges.