Objective To investigate the karyotype of Candida albicans DNA by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and evaluate the significance of the karyotype used as a method for molecular epidemiology controlling. Methods 14 isolates of C. albicans from various clinical samples were evaluated for molecular relatedness by PFGE. Isolates were identified by MircroScanWalkAway 96 RY-ID. Results The karyotype analysis revealed a total of 9 different genotypes among 14 isolates of C. albicans from 11 patients. Among the isolates, 4 were isolated from difference parts of a patient and had same karyotype, implying that they were from the same isolate and differed to different sub-clones. In another 10 isolates from different patients, 3 had same karyotype, and the karyotypes of the remainder 7 isolates were different. Conclusion PFGE may well reveal the autoploidy and polymorphism of the isolates of C. albicans with different origin, thus may be used as an effective method for molecular epidemiological study.

Objective The tissue-engineered composite graft was formed with induced marrow-derived stromal cells (MSCs)and PLGA double-layer scaffold. The effectiveness of this graft for the repair of osteochondral defects in the knee of rabbits was investigated. Methods MSCs were isolated from 20 adult rabbits with density gradient centrifugation and was divided into two groups. In group A, the MSCs were cultivated with regular medium. In group B they were cultivated with chondrogenic differentiation medium. The mRNA of MSCs and articular cartilage cells were extracted, and the expression of mRNA for type Ⅰ and Ⅱ collagen was tested by RT-PCR. The distribution and compound of MSCs with PLGA double-layer scaffold was examined with scanning electron microscopy. 28 adult rabbits were divided into 3 groups, osteochondral defect of 3.5 mm in diameter and 3 to 4 mm in depth were created in the patellar groove. Group A (10 rabbits), the MSCs cultivated with regular medium was grafted into the defects. In group B (10 rabbits), the MSCs cultivated with chondrogenic differentiation medium was grafted into the defects. In group C (8 rabbits), the defects were repaired with autologous osteochondral grafts as control. Specimens were harvested at 4th, 8th, 16th and 24th week post operation respectively, histological examination was performed and graded. Results For the MSCs cultivated with regular medium, the expression of mRNA for type Ⅰ collagen was found with RT-PCR, but no expression for Ⅱ collagen was found. For the induced MSCs, the expression of mRNA both for type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ collagen were found. The adhesion and growth of MSCs on the PLGA double-layer scaffold were well visualized with scanning electron microscopy, and some cells were found in the deep porotic area. For the specimens of group B, no significant difference was found comparing with normal cartilage at 24th week, and the specimens were defined as matured hyaline-like cartilage(4/6)with histological examination, superior to those specimens of group A (1/4). Conclusion The MSCs have osteogenic and chondrogenic potentiality. Combined with PLGA double-layer scaffold, it can be served as seeded cell to form tissue-engineered composite grafts, which can be used to repair osteochondral defects in rabbit models.

Autoimmune Diseases ; diagnosis ; immunology ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatectomy ; Pancreatitis ; diagnosis ; immunology ; pathology ; surgery

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Adult ; Coronary Disease ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

AIM: To observe effects of shear stress and TNF-? on caveolin-1 expression. METHODS: Cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) of passage 3-5 were used in the experiment. Cells were exposed to a laminar flow (shear stress 1.0 Pa) by using a parallel rectangular flow chamber for different time. Caveolin-1 mRNA and protein expression were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Caveolin-1 expression of the cells stimulated by TNF-? were also studied to elucidate the influence of this inflammatory factor. RESULTS: After 24 h of exposure to 1.0 Pa shear stress, both of caveolin-1 protein and mRNA expression decreased in HAECs, especially caveolin-1 mRNA expression (P

Objective To assess the effects of surgical treatment for patients with blepharochalasis and its associated abnormali- ties. Design Retrospective case series, Participants 35 cases (52 eyes) with blepharochalasis in stable phase. Methods The correction of the abnormalities in upper eyelids: after designing the lid crease incision, the redundant eyelid skin and prolapsed fat were excised, and prolapsed lacrimal glands were sutured back into position in 18 cases (36 eyes) and ptosis was treated in 10 cases (16 eyes). The correction of abnormalities in lower eyelids: lower eyelid retraction was corrected in 4 cases (6 eyes). The correction of lateral canthus malformation: lateral canthus rounding was treated in 7 cases (14 eyes), accompanied with or followed by correction of baggy eyelid or ptosis. Main Outcome Measures The shape, location and movement of bilateral eyelids, the location of lacrimal glands and the cir- cumstance of tear secretion. Results During the follow-up of 6～60 months, the appearance and location of bilateral eyelids and can- thuses were satisfying, the function of eyelids were normal, and no dry eye symptoms were found. Two cases (3 eyes) appeared recurrent lacrimal gland prolapse 29 and 36 months postoperation and received surgeries for correction again. There was no recurrence after the second prolapse correction surgery in the follow-up of 18 and 24 months respectively. Conclusions Surgical treatment for patients with blepharochalasis and its associated abnormalities is safe and effective. Its recurrence rate is low.

This paper reports a new type of thighbone and cervical bone fraction internal fixing aim di- rector,it has the advantage of entering pin accuratly,simple operating,short time for x-ray irradiating, little suffering to the patient and being economic.

The formulation for sustained release tablet of Epinedium component was selected and the evaluation equation of in vitro release was established. The liquidity of component was improved with the help of colloidal silica aided by spray drying, which would be the main drug in the sustained release tablets. Dissolution was selected as an evaluation index to investigate skeletal material type, fillers, impact porogen, lubricants and other materials on the quality of sustained release tablet. The sustained release tablets were prepared by dry compression. Formulation of sustained release preparations was main drug 35%, HPMC K(4M) 20% and HPMC K(15M) 10% as skeleton material, MCC 31% as filler, PEG6000 2% as porogen and magnesium stearate 2% as lubricant. The sustained release tablets released up to 80% in 8 h. The zero order equation, primary equation and Higuchi equation could simulate the release characteristics of sustained release tablets in vitro, the correlation coefficients r were larger than 0.96. The primary equation was most similar in vitro release characteristics and its correlation coefficient r was 0.9950. The preparation method is simple and the results of formulation selection are reliable. It can be used to guide the production of Epimedium component sustained release preparations.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Epimedium ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Tablets ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo compare the dissolution characteristics of colloidal silica and porous silica as the solid dispersion carrier, with baicalin as the model drug.

METHODThe baicalin solid dispersion was prepared by the solvent method, with colloidal silica and porous silica as the carriers. In the in vitro dissolution experiment, the solid dispersion was identified by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning and X-ray diffraction.

RESULTThe solid dispersion carriers prepared with both colloidal silica and porous silica could achieve the purpose of rapid release. Along with the increase in the proportion of the carriers, the dissolution rate is accelerated to more than 80% within 60 min. Baicalin existed in the solid dispersion carriers in the non-crystalline form.

CONCLUSIONThe release behaviors of the baicalin solid dispersion prepared with two types of carrier were different. Among the two solid dispersion carriers, porous silica dissolved slowly than colloidal silica within 60 min, and they showed similar dissolutions after 60 min.

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Colloids ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; instrumentation ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Porosity ; Silicon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Solubility

Baicalin extremely fine powder was made by using ball-mill and the effect of micronization on the micromeritics properties of baicalin was studied and analyzed. The microstructures of baicalin ordinary and extremely fine powder were compared by scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimeter and X-ray diffraction and the powder characteristic of them was investigated. The hygroscopicity was studied. The effect of micronization on the dissolution of baicalin was investigated. The results showed that the chemical constituents of baicalin were not changed after micronization with better compressibility. It was confirmed that micronization technology had a certain application value in promoting the insoluble component of baicalin absorption with higher dissolution.
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Solubility ; Wettability ; X-Ray Diffraction