The fact that therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has lowered intracranial pressure and protected brain in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is well known throughout past sources and experimental data. In this paper, the result of TH in TBI needs to be confirmed. The result of North American Brain Injury Study; Hypothermia (NAVIS-H) 1 and 2, Eurotherm3235, Japan trauma society study was reviewed throughout randomized controlled study which performed recently. The prognosis was not confirmed throughout TH in NAVIS-H1; however, there was statistical significance among the group of 45 years or less and below 35 degree in celcius which checked when he or she visited initially. Hence, NAVIS-H2 study was preceded. In patient who had surgically removed hematoma, the effects of TH were proved compared to diffuse brain damage in NAVIS-H2 study. This was found in the result of Japan neurotrauma data bank. Eurotherm study has been doing, which leads to collect many data later on. The TBI of TH makes them better prognosis in patients who had surgically removed hematoma and lowered initial body temperature. Later on, it is considered further study is necessary.
Body Temperature ; Brain ; Brain Injuries* ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Hypothermia* ; Intracranial Pressure ; Japan ; Prognosis

No abstract available.
Schizophrenia*

BACKGROUND: Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy(JME) is the most common idiopathic generalized epileptic syndrome which occurs mostly in the second decade of life. It is still frequently unrecognized and misdiagnosed. JME responds well to valproate, but is hardly controlled by other commonly used antiepileptic drug such as carbamazepine or phenytoin. We intended to Investigate the clinical symptoms and EEG findings of JME to support the diagnosis and treatment of JME. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical record of 18 childrens with JME, from March 1991 to February 1997 We have analysed the clinical symptoms, seizure type, EEG findings including photosensitivity, and the effect of antiepileptic drug. RESULTS: 1) Seven patients were boys and eleven patients were girls(M : F=1 : 1.6). The seizure onset between 5 and 7 years of age were noted in 5 cases, that between 8 and 10 years in 5 cases, and in 8 cases seizures began after 11 years of age 2) Generalized convulsive seizures were noted in 16 cases(GTC 13, GC 2, GCTC 1), myoclonic seizures in 18 cases, absence seizures in 5 cases, and photoconvulsive seizures during video game were associated in 3 cases. 3) Epileptiform discharges at the diagnosis of JME were noted 12 cases(66.7%), and no epileptiform discharges were seen in 6 cases(33.3%). The background activities were normal in all cases. In all 12 cases that showed abnormal epileptiform discharge, generalized spike and wave discharges were obtained, and photosensitivies noted in 4 cases. 4) Follow up EEG obtained after treatment, showed normal EEG findings in 16 cases, and abnormal EEG findings were obtained in 2 cases. 5) Sixteen cases responded well to valproate monotherapy, and 2 other cases responded to valproate and ethosuximide combined therapy. In one case who received vigabatrin, the seizure was aggravated. 6) In 5 cases who discontinued antiepicoptic drug medication after 3 year seizure free duration, 3(60%) cases relapsed within 1 year, and 2(40%) cases remained seizure free for over 1 year. CONCLUSION: Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is an epileptic syndrome with generalized convulsive seizure, myoclonic seizure, and absence seizure, and EEG findings showed generalized spike and wave discharge in 66.7%, and photosensitivity in 22.2%. JME responded well to valproate monotherapy or valproate and ethosuximide combined the rape, but not responded to other antiepileptic drugs.
Anticonvulsants ; Carbamazepine ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy, Absence ; Ethosuximide ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile* ; Phenytoin ; Rape ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Valproic Acid ; Video Games ; Vigabatrin

No abstract available.
Lasers, Solid-State*

No abstract available.
Lasers, Solid-State*

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between proliferation and cell death during oral carcinogenesis. Syrian golden hamsters which were 3 month old and 90-120 gm-weight were used in this study. The 9, 10-dimethyl-1, 2-benzanthracene(DMBA) in a 0.5% solution in mineral oil was painted on the buccal pouch mucosa 3 times per week in the experimental group during 20 weeks. Control group was painted with mineral oil. In each control and experimental group of 6,8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18,20 weeks, specimen were sectioned for immunohistochemical study with anti-Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen(PCNA), anti-transglutaminase transglutaminase and GST-pi were obtained by counting the positive cells to those antibodies. The following results were obtained. 1. Histopathologically, finding of epithelial dysplasia of the 6 and 8 weeks experimental group and carcinoma in situ in the 12 weeks and squamous cell carcinoma in those of the 14 weeks were seen. 2. PCNA positive cells were mainly mild expressed in the basal cell layer of normal oral mucosa, increased moderately, after 6 weeks. In suprabasal cell layer, control group is negative but retained moderately between 6 weeks and 14 weeks, and decreased after 16 weeks. In spinous cell layer, restricted only between 12 weeks and 16 weeks, other period is mild or negative. 3. PCNA index of experimental group revealed the increased peak in 6 weeks and 20 weeks than control group, and retained between 12 weeks and 18 weeks. All experimental group expressed higher PCNA index than control group(p.<0.05). 4. Tranglutaminase expression was localized in outer and suprabasal layers on control group, but after 6 weeks, expression site moved spinous & suprabasal cell layers, and after 8 weeks, expression is spreaded to basal cell layer, and this patters retained to 20 weeks. Transglutaminase expression of experimental group was higher than control group after 8 weeks. 5. The positive staining of detoxifying agent, G1utathione S-Transferase(GST)pi of experimental group was radually increased from 6 weeks. After 10 weeks, all layer of experimental group was seen positive reaction. The strong positive staining in center of tumor and weak positive staining in periphery of tumor were seen at the stage of squamous cell carcimoma in 14 weeks. According to the results, we should suggest that the more increased proliferation of tumor cell, the more increased expression of PCNA, transglutaminase and GST-pi as a detoxifying agent during carcinogenesis by induced DMBA were seen.
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene* ; Animals ; Antibodies ; Carcinogenesis* ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Death ; Cricetinae* ; Humans ; Infant ; Mesocricetus ; Mineral Oil ; Mouth Mucosa ; Mucous Membrane ; Paint ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Testosterone*

The fact that therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has lowered intracranial pressure and protected brain in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is well known throughout past sources and experimental data. In this paper, the result of TH in TBI needs to be confirmed. The result of North American Brain Injury Study; Hypothermia (NAVIS-H) 1 and 2, Eurotherm3235, Japan trauma society study was reviewed throughout randomized controlled study which performed recently. The prognosis was not confirmed throughout TH in NAVIS-H1; however, there was statistical significance among the group of 45 years or less and below 35 degree in celcius which checked when he or she visited initially. Hence, NAVIS-H2 study was preceded. In patient who had surgically removed hematoma, the effects of TH were proved compared to diffuse brain damage in NAVIS-H2 study. This was found in the result of Japan neurotrauma data bank. Eurotherm study has been doing, which leads to collect many data later on. The TBI of TH makes them better prognosis in patients who had surgically removed hematoma and lowered initial body temperature. Later on, it is considered further study is necessary.
Body Temperature ; Brain ; Brain Injuries ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; Intracranial Pressure ; Japan ; Prognosis

No abstract available.
Lymphadenitis* ; Tuberculosis*