Child abuse and neglect are also becoming a serious threat to the health of children in Korea. Physicians are in a unique position to detect the injuries and behavioral problems resulting from child abuse or neglect. Physicians and other professionals providing services to children are required by Child Welfare Law to report suspected incidents of child abuse or neglect. Every Province now has a Child Abuse Hotline to make a report by telephone ; the hotline in Korea in area code+1361 (toll free). It is crucial that physicians define their role and develop the appropriate clinical skills to manage child abuse or neglect effectively. The role of physician in the prevention and treatment of child abuse or neglect traditionally has been one of detection, medical diagnosis, and treatment or referral. However, the role can be greatly expanded. They may serve on hospital child protection teams, provide medical services to private service agencies, participate in community multidisciplinary review boards and advisory boards of voluntary agencies, or testify as an expert witness. This article defines the emerging role of physicians in prevention and treatment of child abuse. It reflects the strategic agenda of the Korean Medical Association for promotion of optimal child health and development.
Child ; Child Abuse* ; Child Health ; Child Welfare ; Child* ; Clinical Competence ; Diagnosis ; Expert Testimony ; Hotlines ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Korea ; Physician's Role* ; Problem Behavior ; Referral and Consultation ; Telephone

No abstract available.
Adolescent* ; Erotica* ; Humans

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Clonidine* ; Depression* ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Panic Disorder* ; Panic*

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Hepatitis* ; Humans

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No abstract available.

The purpose of this study is to compare the physical health, anxiety and depression of the Dan-Jeon Breathing trained group with those of a non-trained group and to analyze the relationship between the training period of Dan-Jeon Bre athing method and physical health, anxiety, and depression. The number of people in the Dan-Jeon Breathing trained group over 3 months was 149 and in the non-trained group 142. Data were collected from August to October 1999. As tools, 35 physical symptom questions were chosen from The Cornell Medical Index modified by Nam(1965) and from the Symptom Checklist-90-Revision(SCL-90-R) by Kim(1984); 10 questions on anxiety and 13 questions on depression were used in the study. The statistics of the study were gathered by using SPSS Window; the analysis was made by applying x(2)-test, t-test, Pearson correlation, ANOVA and Scheffe tests. The results were as follows. 1. The Dan-Jeon Breathing trained group had lower physical symptom score and showed less anxiety and depression than the non-trained group, which supported the 1st, 2nd, 3rd hypotheses. 2. The longer the training period of Dan-Jeon Breathing, the lower the physical symptom score, which supports the 4th hypothesis, but the 5th and, 6th hypotheses were not supported because anxiety and depression did not get lower as the training period of Dan-Jeon Breathing got longer. 3. The physical symptom score, anxiety and depression that were made by the general characteristics of Dan-Jeon Breathing trained group were analyzed. As a result, the physical symptom score of women was greater than that of men. Physical symptoms score and the rate of anxiety and depression were different by education levels. The degree of anxiety was different by age. Those who have a religion have a higher physical symtoms score than people who have no religion. There was no difference in physical health score, anxiety and depression according to marital status, economic status and occupations. The results suggest that the physical and mental health status of Dan-Jeon Breathing trained group is better than that of the non-trained group. Physical symptoms scores gets lower as the training period of Dan-Jeon Breathing gets longer which results in the improvement of physical health status.
Anxiety* ; Cornell Medical Index ; Depression* ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Marital Status ; Mental Health ; Occupations ; Respiration*

From the late 1990s a growing number of children and adolescents are spending considerable time on the Internet, especially on multiplayer role-playing online games. This Internet addiction has become a great concern among Korean children and adolescents. Generally those who devote comparatively long hours to "being online", become socially withdrawn, bullied, depressed, neglected by their parents, or left behind in school. Internet addiction is not an officially accepted condition and consequentially subject to controversy. Some has successfully used Young's Diagnostic Questionnaire of Internet Addiction as operational criteria for internet addiction. Other researchers have used the 20-point Young Internet Addiction Scale in their studies. Despite the debate, most studies agree that close to 30% of Korean adolescents are Internet 'overusers', while 2~5% may be considered internet addicts. These individuals have clear psychopathologies, including anxiety, depression, attention deficit, relationship difficulties, and little family support. In this article a comprehensive stepwise approach is proposed for the evaluation of adolescents with internet addiction or misuse.
Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Child ; Comorbidity* ; Depression ; Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Internet* ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Child and adolescent major depressive disorder(MDD) and dysthymic disorder(DD) are common, chronic, familial, and recurrent conditions that usually persist into adulthood. These are not only accompanied by several comorbid disorders(i.e., anxiety disorders and conduct disorders), but also increased risk for suicide, substance abuse, delinquency, school failure, and behavioral problems. Additionally, children and adolescents with MDD and/or DD frequently have poor family, academic, and interpersonal functioning. Thus the importance of early identification, comprehensive diagnosis, and proper treatment of the disorders has been emphasized. The treatment of MDD may be divided into three phases : acute, maintenance, and continuation. In acute phase, psychosocial treatment may be the first-line option for most depressive youth ; however, pharmacotherapy should be considered for a high-risk group. Currently, SSRIs antidepressants are efficacious for the treatment of adolescents with MDD, and have a relatively less side effects. Most clinicians favor the SSRIs as first-line medications for the depressive youth. Because of the high rate of relapse and recurrence of depression, all patients need continuation treatment for at least 6 to 12 months and some patients may require maintenance therapy from 1 year to life-long. All clinicians who are involved with the treatment of depressive youth should foster the effective therapeutic alliance and educate the patient and family about the disorder and its treatment to maintain proper treatment. Finally further research is needed on the several facets of child and adolescent depressive disorders.
Adolescent* ; Antidepressive Agents ; Anxiety Disorders ; Child* ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder* ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Suicide