No abstract available.
Breast Feeding* ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Case-Control Studies* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea*

No abstract available.
Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) involves more complications and medical problems when a periampullary diverticulum (PD) is present. The data about EST for treating a small population of PD patients is controversial and any recent data is rare. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of performing EST for a large population of PD patients. METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 178 patients with PD and 178 patients without PD and these patients underwent EST for removal of common bile duct (CBD) stones during the years 2003~2005 at Dong-A University Hospital. We classified PD patients, according to the location of the ampulla and diverticulum, into 3 groups and we considered removal of the CBD stones as success. RESULTS: The success rates of EST in the two groups were similar: 91.0% in the PD group and 98.8% in the control group (p=0.0341). Failures were more frequently observed when the papilla was located inside of the diverticulum than for the other locations (p=0.0341). The complications cholangitis and pancreatitis after EST were similar for the two groups, but bleeding was more frequently observed in the PD group (p=0.0067). CONCLUSIONS: More skill for performing EST is needed to prevent bleeding in PD patients and it is more difficult to remove CBD stones when the papilla was located inside of the diverticulum.
Cholangitis ; Common Bile Duct ; Diverticulum* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Pancreatitis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study was done to evaluate the safety of Gore-Tex as a nasal implant. Materials and METHOD: A retrospective multicenter study was carried out on 15 surgeons from 11 general hospitals and 4 private practice clinics regarding the safety of the Gore-Tex as a nasal implant. The study involved 853 patients, of whom 656 received primary surgery and 197 revision surgery. Gore-Tex was mainly used as a dorsal implant in a form of sheet or as a reinforced nasal implant. RESULTS: The overall complication rate associated with Gore-Tex was 2.5% (21 cases). Infection was the most common complication (18 cases ; 2.1%) followed by 2 cases of seroma and 1 case of persistent nasal swelling. In 19 out of 21 complication cases, the graft needed removal to control the infection or seroma (91% removal rate). Nine cases of infection developed in both primary cases (1.37%) and in revision cases (4.57%), which suggests a higher association rate between infection and revision cases (p=0.0062). Infection developed within 1 month in 5 cases while 9 cases developed infection after 6 months of operation. Other complications such as aesthetic problems (malpositioning of the implant or dorsal irregularities) were found in 15 cases (1.8%) and hematoma in 1 case. CONCLUSION: The infection rate of Gore-Tex used in rhinoplasty was about 2% and it rose significantly in the revision cases. If infected, almost all of the implanted Gore-Tex needs removal; therefore, we suggest judicious use of Gore-Tex in rhinoplasty.
Hematoma ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Polytetrafluoroethylene* ; Private Practice ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhinoplasty* ; Seroma ; Transplants

The most widely used method for treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism(SH) in CAPD patients has been the administration of calcitriol by oral route. In this study, we compared the efficacy and safety of daily low dose calcitriol therapy with those of intermittent high dose pulse therapy. The study group consisted of 38 patients undergoing CAPD with serum intact PTH level of more than 200pg/ mL. Twenty patients were randomly administered daily low dose calcitriol(0.25 microgram/day for 1 month followed by 0.5 microgram daily dose for the next 3 mon-ths) while 18 patients were given intermittent pulse therapy (0.5 microgram-0.5 microgram-0.75 microgram 3 times a week for 1 month, increased to 1.0 microgram-1.25 microgram-1.25 microgram 3 times a week for the next 3 months). Thirty five patients completed the study : 17 on daily oral calcitriol (M: F=0.7:1, mean age=47.3+/-10.6 years, mean duration of CAPD=48.9+/-41.1 months), and 18 on oral pulse calcitriol (M:F=1.6:1, mean age=41.5+/-12.7 years, mean duration of CAPD=49.2+/-41.6 months). The baseline serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, i-PTH, alkaline phosphatase, and total CO2 were not different between daily and pulse group(9.5+/-0.8 vs 9.3+/-0.9mg/dL, 5.8+/-1.3 vs 5.1+/-1.2mg/dL, 443.1+/-162.5 vs 546+/-385.9pg/mL, 91.8+/-47.7 vs 108.9+/-66.5IU/L, 23.7+/-1.9 vs 25.5+/-2.0mEq/L, p>0.05, respectively). The i-PTH level decreased significantly in daily calcitriol group after 1 month (332.8+/-214.8pg/mL, p<0.01), and at final evaluation (180.4+/-254.8pg/mL, p<0.01). In pulse calcitriol group, i-PTH level also decreased significantly to 400,4+/-225.8pg/mL(p<0.05), 89.4+/-122.6 pg/mL(p<0.01), respectively. The rate of decline in i-PTH level from baseline were similar(daily=25.4+/-22.7 vs pulse=19.5+/-12.6%decline/month, p>0.05). The serum calcium increased similarly in both groups after treatment (daily=10.6+/-0.8 vs pulse=l0.1+/-1.0mg/dL, p>0.05). Hypercalcemia(>11.0mg/dL) was rarely observed in all patients (daily=5, pulse=8 episodes). In conclusion, both daily and pulse calcitriol therapy were similarly effective and safe in control of SH.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Calcitriol* ; Calcium ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary* ; Peritoneal Dialysis* ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory ; Phosphorus

Calcitriol therapy is an important treatment for the prevention and control of secondary hyperparathyroidism in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. However, this often has been limited by the associated hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia due to increase in intestinal calcium and phosphorus absorption. Many studies reported that these limitations could be avoided by changing routes, frequency and dose of calcitriol treatment. But, there are still controversy about each methods and the results on the PTH response to conventional calcitriol treatment in CAPD patients. This study was performed to evaluate the factors affecting the response to oral calcitriol in CAPD patients. A retrospective study was done in 92 CAPD patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism(intact PTH level >200pg/ml) on oral calcitriol treatment. After baseline study of serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, BUN, creatinine and intact PTH, calcitriol therapy was begun via oral rou- te, daily. Serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, BUN, creatinine, intact FI'H and other bio- chemical markers were checked at 3 month, 6 month after treatment. Parathyroid gland ultrasonography was performed to detect parathyroid hypertrophy and nodule and to measure the diameter of parathymid gland. All the patients were divided into two groups according to percent reduetion of i-PTH(initial PTH PTH after 3, 6 months)X100/initial PTH(%),deltaPTH during oral calcitriol therapy for 3 and 6 months(group I ; delta PTH >30%, group II ; delta PTH <30%). RESULT: 1) All 92 patients(mean age 46.5 11.3yr, M: F 45: 47, mean CAPD duration 51.3 39.4 months) were administered oral calcitriol, daily. Mean calcitriol dose during 3 month was 0.43 0.22Mg and during 6month 0.43 0.24Mg. 2) After 3-month treament, there were significant differences in initial i-PTH, the diameter of parathyroid gland, initial phosphorus, intial total alkaline phosphatase and duration of CAPD between group I and II(406.7+/-196.5 vs. 871.0+/-478Apglml, 6.2+/-2.6 vs. 13.1+/-5.2mm, 5.0+/-1.3 vs. 5.7+/-1.3mg/dl, 93.7+/-4L1 vs. 171.9+/-137.6IU/L, 40.1+/-34.9 vs. 73.5+/-37.8months, p< 0.05, respectively). 4) After 6-month treament, there were significant differences in initial i-PTH, the diameter of parathyroid gland, intial total alkaline phosphatase and duration of CAPD between group I and II(474.1+/-266.6 vs. 889.7+/-485.4pg/ml, 6.4+/-2.7 vs. 14.5+/-5.1mm, 107.9+/-80.1 vs. 180.7+/-121.5IU/L, 40.5+/- 32.9 vs. 81.8+/-35.3months, p<0.05, respectively). 5) The significant negative correlation was shown between deltaPTH and the duration of peritoneal dialysis, the diameter of parathyroid gland, initial PTH level and PTH response during 3-month and 6-month oral calcitriol treatment. The response to oral calcitriol was poor when i-PTH level more than 500pg/ml(kappa 0.429, p value <0.01), the diameter of parathyroid gland more than 10.0mm(kappa 0.641, p value<0.01), the duration of CAPD more than 55months(kappa 0.524, p value< 0.01). These data suggested that initial i-PTH level, the diameter of parathyroid gland size and the duration of CAPD were independent risk factors of the poor response to oral calcitriol therapy in CAPD patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Absorption ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Calcitriol* ; Calcium ; Creatinine ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary* ; Hyperphosphatemia ; Hypertrophy ; Parathyroid Glands ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Phosphorus ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Ultrasonography

Lupus nephritis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality arising from systemic lupus erythematous. It is generally acknowledged that the presence of diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis(DPLN) is highly predictive of a poor prognosis in terms of renal and patient out- come on survival. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics, renal out- come according to therapeutic regimen, and prognostic factors of biopsy-proven diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis. Among the biopsy-proven lupus nephritis patients who were admitted to Yonsei University Medical Center from January 1986 to June 1997, 36 patents who were diagnosed DPLN by renal biopsy and treated for at least 6 months and regularly followed-up for at least 12 months were included. We retrospec-tively reviewed the medical recorders. Patients were treated with steroid regimen with or without cyclo-phosphamide. According to the therapeutic response, patients were divided into two groups : a therapeutic response group(n=24), and a therapeutic non-response group Academic Medical Centers ; Biopsy ; Creatinine ; Cyclophosphamide ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lupus Nephritis* ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Nephritis ; Prognosis ; Proteinuria ; Survival Rate

It's well known that protein/creatinine ratio(P/C ratio) in random urine samples reflects 24-hour urine protein. However, the factors affecting accurate quantitation of proteinuria using random urine P/C ratio are not fully evaluated. The aim of this study is to evaluate factors affecting accurate quantitaion of proteinuria using random urine P/C ratio. 118 patients admitted in Yonsei university medical center during June 1998 and Dec. 1998 were assessed for the measurement of random urine protein/creatinine ratio from second voided urine. 118 patients(mean age 41.5year, male: female 2.36: 1) had mean creati-nine level 1.83+/-1.78mg/dL, 24-hour pmteinuria 6.06+/-7.64g/day and P/C ratio 4.80+/-4.48, All the patiient.s were divided into A, B, C, I, II, K, IV according to serum creatinine level and 24-hour proteinurim amount. The correlation coefficient(R value) between proteinuria and P/C ratio are shown that in all pa- tients is 0.875, group A(Cr* Academic Medical Centers ; Creatinine ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Proteinuria* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Although CAPD has become firmly established as an effective mode of renal replacement therapy, it's technique survival rate is much inferior compared to hemodialysis. To date, few patients have been maintained on this therapy for more than 10 years. To gain insights into clinical features of patients who had maintained over 10 years on CAPD in Korea, we retrospectively compared 23 patients who survived more than 10 years on PD(Long-term survivors, LTS) and 63 patients who died(Short-term survivors, STS-died, 41 patients) or changed to hemodialysis(STS-HD, 22 patients) within 4 years of initiating PD. For all patients, age, sex, diabetic history, prior cardiac events, body weight and biochemical profiles were analyzed. 1) The LTS were younger(39.7+/-12.4 vs. 47.7+/-12.3 vs. 60.9+/-13.8 years) compared with STS-HD and STS-died. 2) The LTS had less cases of DM(4.3% vs. 31.8 % vs, 61%), and had less cases of prior cardiac events(4.3% vs. 4.5% vs, 34.1%) compared with STS-HD and STS-died. Sex ratio and body weight were comparable in three groups. 3) At the initiation of PD, the LTS had higher serum creatinine(16.7mg/dL vs. 12.4mg/dL vs, 8.4mg/dL), albumin(3.53g/dL vs. 3.27g/dL vs, 3.20g/dL) levels compared with STS-HD and STS-died. 4) During 10 year CAPD treatment, LTS showed relatively stable body weight except the increase of body weight for the first 2 years in female. BUN, creatinine, protein, albumin constantly increased for the first 4 years, and then started to decline by 4 th to 6 th years. In conclusion, young age, non-diabetic history, less prior cardiac events and good nutritional status can predict the long-term survival on peritoneal dialysis. The evaluation of nutritional status and nutritional support by 4 th to 6 th years may be important in maintaining long-term survival in CAPD patients.
Body Weight ; Creatinine ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Nutritional Status ; Nutritional Support ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Replacement Therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Ratio ; Survival Rate ; Survivors