No abstract available.

ft tissue changes that occurred between presurgery to 5-years post-surgery in 49 orthognathic surgery patients whose maxillae were moved upward by Le Fort I osteotomy were examined by lateral cephalometric film. The objective of the paper was to document soft tissue changes at long-term follow-up after superior repositioning of the maxilla and to relate soft tissue and hard tissue changes in the group. The results were as follows. 1. On average, soft tissue landmarks in the nose and the upper lip were not changed statistically significantly except superior movement of superior labial sulcus and forward movement of pronasale between presurgery and 5 years postsurgery. 2. Upward and forward movement of the lower lip were found at 5 years postsurgery in comparison with presurgery and genioplasty added this effects. 3. Upper lip length and vertical dimension of upper vermilion didn't show any significant changes, but increase of lower lip length and decrease of vertical dimension of lower vermilion were statistically significant between presurgery and 5 years post-surgery. 4. The decrease of upper incisor exposure and interlabial distance from presurgery to 1 year were continued from 1year to 5years and the amount of the decrease was more than that of vertical movement of the maxilla by surgery. 5. Long term changes in soft tissue landmarks from 1 to 5 years postsurgery exceeded hard tissue changes, meaning soft tissue moved down more than skeletal changes.
Follow-Up Studies ; Genioplasty ; Humans ; Incisor ; Lip ; Maxilla* ; Nose ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Osteotomy ; Vertical Dimension

INTRODUCTION There are three factors for successful implantation. These are embryo quality, uterine receptivity, and synchronization between embryonic and endometrial development. Despite remarkable progress in investigating embryos in human IVF, there has been slow progress in exploring the implantation process. It may be due to two reasons as follow. First, it is difficult to directly investigate the mechanism of implantation in the human, because of ethical considerations. Second, there is no sensitive and widely accepted marker for assessing endometrial development. Since the finding of a novel standard for dating endometrial biopsy by Noyes et. al.,. in 1950, there have been many attempts to identify suitable markers for uterine receptivity. Those include ultrasonographic changes (Ueno et.al., 1991; Grunfeld et al.,1991), three dimensional morphological changes of the endometrium such as pinopode formation (Market or alphaf., 1987; Mantel or alphaf., 1991; Nikas et al., 1995; Psychoyos & Nikas, 1994), integrin expression (Ilesanmi et al., 1993; Lessey et.al., 1992; Lessey, 1994), and measurement of endometrial proteins (Hell, 1986;Fay & Crudzinskas, 1991). Investigations in the rat (cartel et al., 1991)and human (cartel et al., 1987; Nikas et al., 1995; Psychoyos & Nikas, 1994) suggested the presence of pinopodes as a marker for the receptive phase.4 chronological barrier in uterine receptivity could be one of the major factors limiting IVF pregnancy rates. If we were able to manage the 'implantation window' we may be able to improve implantation and pregnancy rates in the human IVF program. In 1987, Martel et al., found early appearance of pinopodes in stimulated cycles for IVF compared to natural cycles in humans (Marcel et al., 1987). This effect was found in patients stimulated with clomephene citrate/hMG/hCG. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the endometrial development in IVF patients stimulated with either by FSH/hMG/hCG or with GnRH agonist down regulation.
Animals ; Biopsy ; Down-Regulation ; Embryonic Structures ; Endometrium ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Humans* ; Oocyte Retrieval* ; Oocytes* ; Pregnancy Rate ; Rats

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intrinsic factor and extrinsic factor for growth of the mandibular condylar cartilage of 4 day-old rats In a serum-tree medium for 1, 4, 7,14 days. They were compared with normal growth in vivo and with growth of spheno-occipital synchondrosis in serum-free medium. The cellular kinetics of cartilages were evaluated by autoradiography of tritiated thymidine. 1. Condylar cartilage was enlarged with rounded head on day 14 of experiment while in vivo the rounded-headed shape changed into functionally flattened appearance. 2. On day 14 of experiment, a severe reduction of the proliferative zone and a considerable increase of the hypertrophic zone were observed while in normal control group endochondrol bone formation and bone marrow were observed. 3. The proliferative activity in the proliferative zone of condylar cartilage detected by 3H-thymidine incorporation was lower than that of normal control group and decreased more than that of spheno-occipital synchondrosis, but it continued during the 14 days of culture. 4. The continued maintenance of condylar cartilage and morphologic change were disturbed in this culture system, but cell division within the proliferative zone was continued and probably linked to intrinsic factor.
Animals ; Autoradiography ; Bone Marrow ; Cartilage* ; Cell Division ; Head ; Intrinsic Factor ; Kinetics ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Osteogenesis ; Rats* ; Thymidine

This investigation was designed to compare the craniofacial morphology of Class III maloccusions with that of normal occlusions using PM line. The subjects consisted of forty-four normal occlusions (twenty-three males and twenty-one females) and sixty-nine Class III malocclusions (thirty males and thirty- nine females), aged eight through ten. Using the tracings of the standard lateral cephalograms, various angles, linear measurements and linear ratios of counter-part were recorded and analyzed by t-test. The following characterstics of craniofacial morphology of Class III malocclusion were obtained by this study. 1. Maxillary anteroposterior position was balanced with Nasion but was not balanced with mandible because maxillary bony arch was small and positioned posteriorly and mandibular corpus was large and positioned relatively anteriorly. 2. Upper and lower alveolar bony arch were not balanced each other in its size. 3. In counterpart analysis, Class III malocclusion was more horizontally unbalanced than normal occlusion. 4. Class III malocclusion was divided into 11 groups by maxillary and mandibular bony arch position, size and alveolar bony arch size. Unbalanced bony size of the maxilla and mandible was a major characteristics of Class III mlaocclusion.
Child* ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Maxilla

Acute cerebral infarctions are rare in children, however, they can occur as a complication of a Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection due to direct invasion, vasculitis, or a hypercoagulable state. We report on the case of a 5-year-old boy who had an extensive stroke in multiple cerebrovascular territories 10 days after the diagnosis of MP infection. Based on the suspicion that the cerebral infarction was associated with a macrolide-resistant MP infection, the patient was treated with levofloxacin, methyl-prednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin, and enoxaparin. Despite this medical management, cerebral vascular narrowing progressed and a decompressive craniectomy became necessary for the patient's survival. According to laboratory tests, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and clinical manifestations, the cerebral infarction in this case appeared to be due to the combined effects of hypercoagulability and cytokineinduced vascular inflammation.
Brain ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Decompressive Craniectomy ; Diagnosis ; Enoxaparin ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Inflammation ; Levofloxacin ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae* ; Mycoplasma* ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma* ; Stroke ; Thrombophilia ; Thrombosis ; Vasculitis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of combined transvaginal ultrasound and beta-hCG discriminatory zone for diagnosing intrauterine pregnancy, abortion, and ectopic pregnancy in early abnormal pregnancy. METHODS: Initial ultrasound findings and beta-hCG level were compared with final pregnancy outcome in 164 early pregnant women who visit our hospital with vaginal bleeding or abdominal pain. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value by the combination of two diagnostic tools were calculated. Statistic analysis of collected data used x2 of SPSS(9.0). RESULTS: Of 90 women with normal outcome, 64(71.1%) had a gestational sac 5mm, and in 47 cases, the hCG level was above 1,800 mIU/ml. Transvaginal ultrasound was non-diagnostic in 47(28.6%) of 164 women, and especially, 43(53.1%) of 81 cases with beta-hCG levels below 1,800 mIU/ml. The portion of accurate ultrasound diagnosis was significantly higher in women above 1,800 mIU/ml (85.5%, 71 of 83 cases) compard with levels below 1,800 mIU/ml (37.0%, 30 of 81 cases) : P < 0.001; Relative Risk(RR) 2.31; CI 95%. Sensitivity of transvaginal ultrasound diagnosis of intrauterine pregnancy, abortion, and ectopic pregnancy was 90.2%, 79.3%, and 66.7% in women who presented with beta-hCG levels above 1,800 mIU/ml, and 41.0%, 23.5%, and 75% below 1,800 mIU/ml, respectively. And, negative predictive value was 83.9%, 89.7%, and 98.8% in each of intrauterine pregnancy, abortion, and ectopic pregnancy above 1,800 mIU/ml, and 64.6%, 60%, and 97.3% below 1,800 mIU/ml, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of transvaginal ultrasound for diagnosing abnormal early pregnancy were poor except cases of ectopic pregnancy when beta-hCG levels were low than discriminatory zone. Ultrasound impressions were well related with beta-hCG levels.
Abdominal Pain ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gestational Sac ; Humans ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Pregnant Women ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography* ; Uterine Hemorrhage

Intensive insulin therapy effectively delays the onset and slows the progression of nephropathy in patients with IDDM. TGF- 0 has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. We evaluated the effects of different level of glucose control with insulin therapy on the progression of diabetic nephropathy in age-matched control rats(C) and 3 groups of streptozotocininduced diabetic rats', high blood glucose diabetic rats without insulin therapy(HG), rnoderate glucose diabetic rats with insulin therapy(MG), and normal glucose diabetic rats with intensive insulin treatment (NG). Glomerular volume(VG) was measured using Image-Pro morphometric software, glomerular TGF- Bl mRNA expression by in situ hybridization, and glomerular expression of TGF-8 and type IV collagen proteins by immunohistochemical staining. VG was significantly higher in HG than in other groups in 12 weeks. Kidney weight(KW) was the highest while the body weight the lowest in HG of all groups in 12 weeks. Daily urine albumin excretion (UAE) increased with time in all groups but was significantly larger in HG than in all other groups in 12 weeks. MG also had significantly larger UAE than C in 12 weeks. There was no difference in VG, KW, and UAE between NG and C. Glomerular TGF-Bl mRNA expression was significantly higher in HG than in all the rest of the groups in 4 and 12 weeks. Glomerular expression of TGF-B and type IV collagen proteins was proportional to the levels of blood glucose, being the highest in HG in 12 weeks. There was little or no expression of TGF-0 1 mRNA and protein or type IV collagen protein in NG. Thus these results support the view that high blood glucose is the prerequisite for glomerular injury in diabetes mellitus and that the glomerular injury in diabetes mellitus is mediated, in part, by TGF-01 and suppressed by glucose control.
Animals ; Blood Glucose* ; Body Weight ; Collagen Type IV ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Diabetic Nephropathies* ; Glucose ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Insulin* ; Kidney ; Rats ; RNA, Messenger

No abstract available.
Behcet Syndrome* ; Colchicine*

No abstract available.