No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Amantadine* ; Benztropine* ; Double-Blind Method*

Patau syndrome, or Trisomy 13 is one of the most common autosomal aberration associtated with multiple congenital abnormalities. We report a case with trisomy 13 mosacism which was found during an amniocentesis performed due to the age of the mother and abnormal nuchal translucency. The clinical features of fetus included cleft lip and palate, low set ears, polydactily, small ""micro"" penis, and Rocker-bottom feet. After termination of the pregnancy, the fetus was sent for an autopsy. The autopsy report was compatible with the gross findings and pulmonary hypoplasia, microophthalmia, hypoplasia of left ventricle of heart were found.
Amniocentesis ; Autopsy ; Cleft Lip ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Ear ; Fetus ; Foot ; Heart ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Male ; Mothers ; Nuchal Translucency Measurement ; Palate ; Penis ; Pregnancy* ; Trisomy

BACKGROUND: To report the radiological and clinical outcomes of internal fixation using distal clavicle hook plates for distal clavicle fractures. METHODS: From April 2008 to December 2012, 32 patients with distal clavicle fractures underwent surgery using an AO hook plate. The reduction was qualified and evaluated according to the radiological findings. The evaluation of the clinical outcomes was performed with the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score, the Korean Shoulder score, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score. RESULTS: By radiological evaluation, we found that 31 of 32 patients showed anatomical reduction and solid bone union. Although we obtained satisfactory UCLA scores, Korean Shoulder Scale scores, and VAS pain scores, 12 cases of complications were present. We found 4 cases of osteolysis of the acromion, 1 case of nonunion, 3 cases of periprosthetic fractures, 3 cases of subacromial pain, and 1 case of skin irritation. We performed re-operations in 2 patients. CONCLUSIONS: To avoid complications associated with clavicle hook plates, choosing the appropriate hook size and bending of the hook according to the slope of the acromion undersurface is critical. Also, we believe that early removal of clavicle plates may help reduce complications.
Acromion ; California ; Clavicle* ; Humans ; Osteolysis ; Periprosthetic Fractures ; Shoulder ; Skin

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of combined transvaginal ultrasound and beta-hCG discriminatory zone for diagnosing intrauterine pregnancy, abortion, and ectopic pregnancy in early abnormal pregnancy. METHODS: Initial ultrasound findings and beta-hCG level were compared with final pregnancy outcome in 164 early pregnant women who visit our hospital with vaginal bleeding or abdominal pain. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value by the combination of two diagnostic tools were calculated. Statistic analysis of collected data used x2 of SPSS(9.0). RESULTS: Of 90 women with normal outcome, 64(71.1%) had a gestational sac 5mm, and in 47 cases, the hCG level was above 1,800 mIU/ml. Transvaginal ultrasound was non-diagnostic in 47(28.6%) of 164 women, and especially, 43(53.1%) of 81 cases with beta-hCG levels below 1,800 mIU/ml. The portion of accurate ultrasound diagnosis was significantly higher in women above 1,800 mIU/ml (85.5%, 71 of 83 cases) compard with levels below 1,800 mIU/ml (37.0%, 30 of 81 cases) : P < 0.001; Relative Risk(RR) 2.31; CI 95%. Sensitivity of transvaginal ultrasound diagnosis of intrauterine pregnancy, abortion, and ectopic pregnancy was 90.2%, 79.3%, and 66.7% in women who presented with beta-hCG levels above 1,800 mIU/ml, and 41.0%, 23.5%, and 75% below 1,800 mIU/ml, respectively. And, negative predictive value was 83.9%, 89.7%, and 98.8% in each of intrauterine pregnancy, abortion, and ectopic pregnancy above 1,800 mIU/ml, and 64.6%, 60%, and 97.3% below 1,800 mIU/ml, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of transvaginal ultrasound for diagnosing abnormal early pregnancy were poor except cases of ectopic pregnancy when beta-hCG levels were low than discriminatory zone. Ultrasound impressions were well related with beta-hCG levels.
Abdominal Pain ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gestational Sac ; Humans ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Pregnant Women ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography* ; Uterine Hemorrhage

To get the standard and marginal rigidity of physiologic erection in young Korean men with normal potency, nocturnal penile erection(NPE) and audio-visually stimulated erection(AVSE) were monitored using RigiScan in 30 young volunteers with normal potency aged from 21-35 years. Vibration induced erection was also assessed by bucking. The results were as follows. 1. Regarding to NPE, maximal rigidity lasting for more than 5 minutes was 40-70% in 4(10.3%) and more than 70% in 26 (89.7%) with mean+/-SD of 78.43+/-8.02 %. The maximal rigidity lasting for more than 10 minutes was 40-70% in 6(20%) and more than 70% in 24(80%), with mean+/-SD of 74.43+/-8.02%. 2. Regarding to AVSE, maximal rigidity lasting for more than 5 minutes was 40-70% in lt3.3 %) and more than 70% in 29(96.7%) with mean+/-SD of 81.30+/-7.18%. The maximal rigidity lasting for more than 10 minutes was 40-70% in 2(6.7%) and more than 70% in 28(93.3%), with mean+/-SD of 77.63 + 7.87%. Twenty seven men(90%) showed positive response to VIE test. but 3 with normal NPE and AVSE showed negative response to VIE test. Therefore, young potent men showed higher amplitude of maximal rigidity in AVSE than in NPE. and VIE test had the highest false negative response rate. The rigidity of 40% lasting 10 minutes was the lower limit of normal NPE and AVSE.
Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Erection* ; Vibration ; Volunteers ; Young Adult*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: For laboratory diagnostics in liver diseases, many enzymes have been used for the assessment of hepatocellular function. Among them, two transaminases, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, have been regarded as the most sensitive indicators of hepatocellular damage. However, the enhanced enzyme activities of the enzymes do not exactly indicate or represent the cause and progression of diseases in the patients with liver disease. To overcome such limitations, immunological methods have been suggested as one of the alternatives for the replacement or supplement of the conventional enzymatic analysis. METHODS: In the hope of developing a new assay system for measuring the AST concentration rather than its activity, we have developed a new assay using fluorescence labeled anti-AST monoclonal antibodies. Blood was obtained from a normal population of 234 patients and 43 liver disease patients. The linearity, limit of detection, and performance of the new assay system were tested and evaluated. The comparability of assay was examined with an ELISA and biochemical assays. RESULTS: The linearity fell in the range of 0-1 mg/L of AST (R=0.995), and the analytical detection limit was 12 microgram/L of AST. The mean recovery of the control was 102.4 % in a working range. The precision of the intra- and inter-assay in a range of 50-800 microgram/L was CVs < 7% and CVs < 6%, respectively. In the normal population, the mean AST concentration was 35.5 microgram/L. The mean AST concentration in patients with liver disease was 266.5 microgram/L. The new assay system correlated well with an ELISA and biochemical assay for quantification of AST concentration (R=0.92 and 0.88, respectively; N=43). CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a new immunological assay using generated monoclonal antibodies to human cytosolic AST and used them for the development of a fluorescent assay measuring the enzyme mass. Cytosolic AST mass in sera could be measured reproducibly by the immunological method. In conclusion, this study has provided us with a new type of tool for an accurate measurement of the enzyme amount in circulation.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Aspartate Aminotransferase, Cytoplasmic/*blood/immunology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique/*methods ; Humans ; Liver Diseases/diagnosis

No abstract available.

Intensive insulin therapy effectively delays the onset and slows the progression of nephropathy in patients with IDDM. TGF- 0 has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. We evaluated the effects of different level of glucose control with insulin therapy on the progression of diabetic nephropathy in age-matched control rats(C) and 3 groups of streptozotocininduced diabetic rats', high blood glucose diabetic rats without insulin therapy(HG), rnoderate glucose diabetic rats with insulin therapy(MG), and normal glucose diabetic rats with intensive insulin treatment (NG). Glomerular volume(VG) was measured using Image-Pro morphometric software, glomerular TGF- Bl mRNA expression by in situ hybridization, and glomerular expression of TGF-8 and type IV collagen proteins by immunohistochemical staining. VG was significantly higher in HG than in other groups in 12 weeks. Kidney weight(KW) was the highest while the body weight the lowest in HG of all groups in 12 weeks. Daily urine albumin excretion (UAE) increased with time in all groups but was significantly larger in HG than in all other groups in 12 weeks. MG also had significantly larger UAE than C in 12 weeks. There was no difference in VG, KW, and UAE between NG and C. Glomerular TGF-Bl mRNA expression was significantly higher in HG than in all the rest of the groups in 4 and 12 weeks. Glomerular expression of TGF-B and type IV collagen proteins was proportional to the levels of blood glucose, being the highest in HG in 12 weeks. There was little or no expression of TGF-0 1 mRNA and protein or type IV collagen protein in NG. Thus these results support the view that high blood glucose is the prerequisite for glomerular injury in diabetes mellitus and that the glomerular injury in diabetes mellitus is mediated, in part, by TGF-01 and suppressed by glucose control.
Animals ; Blood Glucose* ; Body Weight ; Collagen Type IV ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Diabetic Nephropathies* ; Glucose ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Insulin* ; Kidney ; Rats ; RNA, Messenger

No abstract available.
Family Practice* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Internship and Residency*