Objective To investigate graduate students' common compulsory courses settings of the Military Medical University and put forward suggestions.Methods With self-made questionnaires,we investigate with simple random sampling all the concerned principals of teaching about their opinions of English,politics and statistics courses.Results Most of the experts thought graduate students should not be required to study English but test should be required(68.9％),that politics course was more than required (76.0％),and the percentage of the experts who thought the contents in graduate and undergraduate courses were less overlapped and more overlapped is respectively 47.9％ and 46.6％.Conclusion To satisfy scientific research needs of graduate students in military medical university,the common courses should be reformed,including teaching politics in various methods like lectures,taking software studying and experiment design into statistics,implementing the policy of students taking English test in the exemption of English study,etc.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of hepatocellular carcinoma treatment with a combination therapy of transcather arterial super liquefied lipiodol embolization and cytokine-induced killer cell(CIK) infusion.Methods There were 3 groups in this study,group 1:38 cases of HCC patients treated with a combination therapy of transcather arterial super liquified lipiodol embolization and CIK infusion;group 2:80 cases of HCC patients treated with a combination therapy of transcather arterial super liquefied lipiodol embolization and percutaneous intratumoral ethanol injection;group 3:134 cases of HCC patient treated with transcather arterial super liquefied embolization.Finally,the outcomes of the 3 groups were compared.Results The short term effective rates of group 1,2 and 3 were 76.1%,41.3% and 14.9% respectively,simultaneously with significant difference of changes concerning AFP value among the three groups especially in group 1 the AFP decrease to normal level while those of the other two groups still remain in higher levels.Conclusions The living quality and survival rate of HCC patients could be improved by a combination therapy of transcather arterial super liquefied lipiodal embolization and CIK infusion.(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16:235-239)

Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Public Health Practice

OBJECTIVE: To explore the conversion of resin monomer, the change of inorganic component and the influencing factors on the oxygen inhibition layer formed on the cured surface of resin cement. METHODS: Three kinds of resin cement were divided into three groups: (1) light-cured group: RelyX Veneer, NX3 (light-cured), Variolink N; (2) dual-cured group: RelyX U200 Automix, NX3 (dual-cured), Multilink Speed; (3) chemically-cured group, and the above 3 types of dual-cured resin cement cured without illumination could be used as chemically-cured resin cement. Each sample was provided with and without oxygen exposure of two matching surfaces, cured respectively, and the variables of light intensity and illumination time were set in the light-cured group and the dual-cured group. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the samples' surface morphology. Energy dispersive spectrometer was used to analyze the samples' composition of surface elements. Confocal Raman spectroscopy was used to measure the monomer conversion of resin cement and to obtain the thickness of the oxygen inhibition layer. RESULTS: (1) On the surface of cured resin cement, the weight percentage of oxygen element in the aerobic side was higher than that in the anaerobic side (P < 0.05), and the weight percentage of inorganic element was lower than that in the anaerobic side (P < 0.05). (2) The surface monomer conversion of the cured resin cement on the aerobic surface was significantly lower than that on the anaerobic surface (P < 0.05), and the surface monomer conversion on the aerobic surface and the anaerobic surface was the lowest in the chemically-cured group (P < 0.05), the dual-cured group was the highest (P < 0.05), and the light-cured group was between them. With the increase of light intensity or illumination time, the surface monomer conversion increased (P < 0.05). (3) The thickness of the oxygen inhibition layer was the thickest in the chemically-cured group [(40.27±2.81) μm](P < 0.05), the thinnest in the dual-cured group [(21.87±5.42) μm](P < 0.05) and light-cured group [(23.73±3.84) μm] was between them. With the increase of light intensity or illumination time, the thickness of the oxygen inhibition layer of resin cement decreased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION When resin cement is exposed to oxygen, it will form an oxygen inhibition layer, its surface's inorganic filler is less, the surface monomer conversion is lower. The surface monomer conversion and the thickness of oxygen inhibition layer are affected by curing mode and illumination factors.
Materials Testing ; Oxygen ; Resin Cements

Objective To investigate the role of chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in the spinal cord expression in a rat model of tibia bone cancer pain.Methods Eighty-four female SD rats weighing 160-180 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =28):control group (group C),sham operation group (group S) and tibia bone cancer pain group (group P).Tibia bone cancer pain was induced by intra-tibial inoculation of Walker-256 breast cancer cells.Paw withdral threshold to mechanical stimulation (MWT) was measured with von Frey filaments at 1 d before and at 1,3,7,10,14 and 21 d after inoculation.Six rats in each group were sacrificed after the measurement of MWT at 1 d before inoculation and at 7,14 and 21 d after inoculation.Lumbar 4-6 segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of the expression of CCL2 by ELISA.The coexpression of CCL2 with Iba-1 (a specific marker of microglia),GFAP(a specific marker of astrocyte) and NeuN (a specific marker of neuron) was determined by double immunofluorescence assay after the measurement of MWT at 14 d after inoculation in group P.Results Compared with groups C and S,MWT was significantly decreased from 7 d to 21 d after inoculation,the expressive of CCI-2 in the spinal cord up-regulated at 7,14 and 21 d after inoculation in group P ( P ＜ 0.05).CCL2 was expressed in the microglia and astrocyte but not in neuron in the spinal cord dorsal horn in a rat model of tibia bone cancer pain.Conclusion Release of CCL2 from microglia and astrocytes in the spinal cord was involved in mechanical hyperalgesia in a rat model of tibia bone cancer pain.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of thyroid disorders and positive thyroid autoantibodies,and evaluate the necessity for universal thyroid screening during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.Methods The pregnant women during the second and third trimesters who visited Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital between June 2006 and February 2008 were chosen for thyroid screening by determining serum free triiodothyronine,free thyroxine,thyrotropin,thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb),and thyrotropin receptor antibody.A personal and family history of thyroid disease and other autoimmune diseases was investigated by questionnaire.The pregnant women were divided into high risk or low risk groups for thyroid disease based on their personal or family histories.Results A total of 2 101 pregnant women were screened,712 ( 33.89％ ) of them were identified to suffer from thyroid disorders or with positive thyroid autoantibody.The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was increased in high risk group.While in low risk group( n =1 983 ),the prevalence of clinical hypothyroidism was 2.27％ ( n =45 ),subclinical hypothyroidism 11.60％ ( n =230 ),clinical hyperthyroidism 0.20％ ( n =4 ),subclinical hyperthyroidism 1.06％ ( n =21 ),hypothyroxinemia 6.45％ ( n =128 ),and euthyroid with positive TPOAb 10.74％ ( n =213 ) in our study.Pregnant women with positive TPOAb were susceptible to thyroid dysfunction.It was shown that 79.74％ of pregnant women with thyroid disorders were diagnosed by universal thyroid screening.Conclusions 33.89％ of pregnant women in the second and third trimesters were identified to suffer from thyroid disorders or positive thyroid autoantibody by universal thyroid screening.Increased prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was found in pregnant women with positive TPOAb.79.74％ of pregnant women with thyroid disorders might be missed if screening was made only in the high risk cases.

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of positive serum thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) on pregnancy outcomes in biochemically euthyroid women during gestation.MethodsFrom July 2006 to December 2010,in the prenatal care unit all pregnant women,who had no medical and family history of thyroid diseases,underwent thyroid function screening.Serum TPOAb was tested among those pregnant women with euthyroidism.Pregnancy outcomes,including obstetric complications,neonate birth weight,and Apgar score,were compared between 185 TPOAb positive women and 1417 TPOAb negative women.ResultsCompared with TPOAb negative women,it was more frequent for TPOAb positive women to suffer from various obstetric complications.The prevalences of umbilical cord entanglement ( 18.9％ vs 12.9％,RR =1.47,95％ CI 1.06-2.03,P＜0.05 ),threatened premature delivery or abortion (3.8％ vs 1.0％,RR =3.83,95％ CI 1.57-9.37,P＜0.05 ),intrauterine growth retardation (5.4％ vs 0.8％,RR =6.96,95％ CI 3.00-16.17,P＜0.01 ),and neonatal pneumonia ( 4.9％ vs 1.3％,RR =3.83,95％ CI 1.75-8.40,P＜0.01 ) in the group of TPOAb positive women were higher than those in the group of TPOAb negative women.Apgar score of those newborns whose mothers had positive TPOAb was 9.27 ±1.13 at one minute and 9.44 ± 1.09 at five minutes,being lower than that of the TPOAb negative group (9.49 ±0.69 and 9.68 ±0.52,both P＜0.01 ).The rate of newborns with Apgar score at 7 or less by 5 min in group with positive TPOAb was higher than that of group with negative TPOAb ( 1.6％ vs 0.1％,RR =11.49,95 ％ CI 1.93-68.31,P＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsThese results indicate that pregnant women with normal thyroid function but positive TPOAb may be liable to increase risk of serious pregnancy outcomes,such as threatened premature delivery or abortion,intrauterine growth retardation,and a lower Apgar score in neonatal.

OBJECTIVETo test the different contrctile responses of extracellular nucleotides, such as ATP, UTP and nucleotide uridine adenosine tetraphosphate (Up4A) in gastric longitudinal muscle (LM) and circular muscle (CM). Examined the effect of P2X and P2Y receptor antagonists (in this study, we used IP5I and suramin) and cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin) on Up4A induced contractile responses in LM and CM.

METHODSThe rats were sacrificed and the stomachs were opened to gain LM and CM. Using organ bath system to assess contrctile responses of smooth muscle.

RESULTSUp4A could induce contractile responses in both CM and LM, which were similar with ATP and UTP. IP5 did not attenuate Up4A could induce contractions in both LM and CM, but suramin and indomethacin significantly inhibited Up4A contraction in CM, but not in LM.

CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that extracellular nucleosides and their inhibitors induce different responses between LM and CM.

Adenosine Triphosphate ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Dinucleoside Phosphates ; pharmacology ; Indomethacin ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle, Smooth ; physiology ; Nucleotides ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Suramin ; Uridine Triphosphate ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate the effects of fluoxetine and pyrrolidine dithidarbamate (PDTC) on the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced interleukine-6(IL-6) release in cultured rat astrocytes.Methods The purified astrocytes were cultured in 48-well tissue culture plate and classified into control group,LPS group,fiuoxetine group and PDTC group.Control group and LPS group were cultured as usual,and fluoxetine group and PDTC group were cultured with fluoxetine or PDTC at different concentrations for 48 hours,and then LPS group,Fluoxetine group and PDTC group were incubated with 1 ug/ml LPS for 24 hours.Finally,the levels of IL-6 in the cell supernatant were detected by enzymatic linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results The level of IL-6 in LPS group ((1975.46 ± 171.54) pg/ml) was significantly higher than that in control group((10633 ± 782.15)pg/ml) (P ＜ 0.01).The levels of IL-6 were (6198.6 ± 379.4) pg/ml,(4973.6 ± 132.5) pg/ml and (4747.9 ±473.9) pg/ml respectively when the concentrations of fluoxetine were 10 μM,20 μM and 40 μM,and (4821.6 ±180.8) pg/ml,(4735.7 ±620.0)pg/ml and (3525.9 ± 240.0)pg/ml respectively when the concentrations of PDTC were 100 μM,150 μM and 200 μM.There was significant difference in the levels of IL-6 between LPS group and fluoxetine group (P ＜ 0.05),as well as between LPS group and fluoxetine group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion LPS can induce IL-6 release from astrocytes,while fluoxetine or PDTC at some concentrations can suppress LPS-induced IL-6 release.

Objective To investigate the role of CCL2 in pain facilitation and spinal mechanisms in the rat model of bone cancer pain.Methods The bone cancer pain model was developed by inoculating.Walker 256 mammary gland carcinoma cells into the rat tibia medullary cavity.SD female rats were divided into 5 groups randomly ( n =8):sham group( group Ⅰ),sham + CCL2 antibody group( group Ⅱ),BCP group( group Ⅲ),BCP +control lgG group ( group Ⅳ),BCP + CCL2 antibody group ( group Ⅴ ).VonFrey threshold was measured one day before operation and 1 st,3 rd,5th,7th,10th,14th,21 st after operation.CCL2 antibody or control lgG was injected intrathecally from 10th to 12th day.The expression of the spinal Iba-1 ( microglial marker) in rat lumbar4-5 was detected by immunohistochemistry assay.Results From the 10th to 21st day after operation,the PMWT of group Ⅲ rats were ( 1.78 ±0.38)g,( 1.70 ±0.17)g,( 1.35 ±0.07 )g;group Ⅳ rats were (2.99 ±0.67)g,(2.52 ±0.75)g,(1.13±0.07)g ; and group Ⅴ rats were (5.88±0.66)g,(7.81 ±0.75)g,(6.19±0.53)g.Compared with group Ⅲ,the PMWT of group Ⅴ was remarkly higher (P＜0.01) ; group Ⅳ had no obvious statistical significance (P＞0.05).At the 14th day after operation,the MOD of group Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ rats were (151.3 ±10.8 ),( 149.2 ± 10.6),(74.5 ± 5.0),Compared with group Ⅲ,the MOD of group Ⅴ was significantly increased (P＜0.01 ),group Ⅳ had no obvious statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion Intrathecal injection of CCL2 antibody can remarkly attenuate established pain facilitation of tibial bone cancer pain rats,and significantly suppress the expression of Iba-1.It suggests that CCL2 is involved in the bone cancer pain via activation of spinal microglia.