No abstract available.
Infectious Mononucleosis*

Purpose: To distinguish the dominant eye in patients with intermittent exotropia by comparing the width of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), the vascular density (VD), and the choroidal thickness (CT) in both eyes. Methods: A total of 34 subjects with intermittent exotropia were enrolled. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was performed after discrimination of the dominant eye using a prism cover test (PCT). FAZ widths in the superficial capillary plexus (referred to here as superficial FAZ or SFAZ) and in the deep capillary plexus (deep FAZ or DFAZ); VDs of the 1-mm fovea and 3-mm parafovea, specifically the superficial capillary plexus density (SCPD); and CT measured by OCTA were compared between both eyes using a one-sample t-test. These abovementioned parameters were compared between dominant and non-dominant eyes through Pearson’s correlation analysis. Results: The widths of SFAZ and DFAZ, the 1-mm fovea and 3-mm parafovea SCPDs, and CT of dominant eye showed positive correlations with respect to the non-dominant eye. Although there was no statistically significant difference in SFAZ and DFAZ widths, the 3-mm parafovea SCPD, or CT between eyes, the 1-mm fovea SCPD in the non-dominant eye showed a statistically significant higher density than that of the dominant eye (p = 0.039). Conclusions Our results suggest that the higher 1-mm fovea SCPD in the non-dominant eye is due to the secondary development of capillaries around the FAZ of the non-dominant eye after the retina of both eyes had developed to some extent.

Purpose: To distinguish the dominant eye in patients with intermittent exotropia by comparing the width of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), the vascular density (VD), and the choroidal thickness (CT) in both eyes. Methods: A total of 34 subjects with intermittent exotropia were enrolled. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was performed after discrimination of the dominant eye using a prism cover test (PCT). FAZ widths in the superficial capillary plexus (referred to here as superficial FAZ or SFAZ) and in the deep capillary plexus (deep FAZ or DFAZ); VDs of the 1-mm fovea and 3-mm parafovea, specifically the superficial capillary plexus density (SCPD); and CT measured by OCTA were compared between both eyes using a one-sample t-test. These abovementioned parameters were compared between dominant and non-dominant eyes through Pearson’s correlation analysis. Results: The widths of SFAZ and DFAZ, the 1-mm fovea and 3-mm parafovea SCPDs, and CT of dominant eye showed positive correlations with respect to the non-dominant eye. Although there was no statistically significant difference in SFAZ and DFAZ widths, the 3-mm parafovea SCPD, or CT between eyes, the 1-mm fovea SCPD in the non-dominant eye showed a statistically significant higher density than that of the dominant eye (p = 0.039). Conclusions Our results suggest that the higher 1-mm fovea SCPD in the non-dominant eye is due to the secondary development of capillaries around the FAZ of the non-dominant eye after the retina of both eyes had developed to some extent.

This study aimed to investigate structural differences in the retinal and choroidal blood vessels before and after patch occlusion treatment in patients with amblyopia using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to determine whether these differences are related to clinical improvement in patients. A total of 26 eyes of 17 patients with monocular or binocular amblyopia who underwent patch occlusion treatment for at least 1 month were retrospectively enrolled. The width of the foveal avascular zone, retinal blood vessel density, choroidal thickness, and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) measured by OCTA were compared before and after the treatment; the correlation with change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was analyzed for the data showing statistically significant differences. The mean BCVA of amblyopic eyes before and after patch occlusion treatment was 0.41 ± 0.23 and 0.25 ± 0.16 in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution units, respectively. A decrease of about 2% in CVI was observed after the treatment (p = 0.011). The correlation between the changes in CVI and the changes in BCVA were insignificant (Rs = 0.086, p = 0.718). The results indicated that a decrease in CVI was observed after the patch occlusion treatment, but the relationship between CVI and BCVA could not be established. Patch occlusion treatment in amblyopia appears to affect the changes in the choroidal vessels and stroma.

Pericardial defect is a rare congenital cardiac disorder. Most patients were asymptomatic but some patients with partial pericardial defect occasionally complain acute symptoms such as angina, syncope, rarely sudden cardiac death. So, differential diagnosis with other ischemic or structural heart disease is crucial in the management of such patients. But there is no consistently successful diagnostic method. In the past, artificial diagnostic pneumothorax was used to document the absence of pericardium. However, it is not easily accepted due to excess morbidity and failure rate. Recently, echocardiography and more often, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging are used to confirm the diagnosis. We experienced a 52 years old male patient with atypical chest pain, who was diagnosed as complete left pericardial defect with computed tomography.
Chest Pain ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Echocardiography ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pericardium ; Pneumothorax ; Syncope

OBJECTIVE: To establish management strategy and to improve outcome of callosal arteriovenous malformations(AVMs), forty-six consecutive cases hospitalized from 1984 to 2001 are analyzed. METHODS: Clinical and radiologic files were reviewed. Average follow-up period was 20.3 months in microsurgery group, and 28.2 months in radiosurgery group. RESULTS: The resection rate of microsurgery was considered total in 12 patients(85.7% ), subtotal 2(14.3%). The final clinical outcome of microsurgery was good in 13 patients(92.8%), fair in 1(7.2%). One patient with splenial lesion had postoperative disconnection syndrome. Initial insults and hemodynamic complications were the major cause of an unfavorable outcome. In radiosurgery the complete regression of nidus was considered in 16 patients(51.6%), partial shrinkage in 13(41.9%), and no response in 2(6.5%). The clinical outcome of radiosurgery was good in 26 patients(83.9%), fair in 3(9.75%), and poor in 2(6.5%). Rebleeding during the latency period(3 patients), radiation necrosis(1 patients) and initial insults(1 patients) were the major cause of postradiosurgery morbidity. Rebleeding during the latency period occurred in 3 patients(9.7%). Two lesions were in the splenium, and one lesion in the body of corpus callosum. All lesions were larger than 3cm in diameter. Two of them occurred during the second year, and the rest one during the third year of latency period. CONCLUSION: Microsurgery, which eliminates the risk of bleeding immediately, is referred for callosal AVMs. Radiosurgery is another effective treatment modality for splenial lesions with large bridging veins that interfere with microsurgical approach, and combined endovascular treatment would be strongly recommended for the splenial lesions larger than 3cm in diameter that has higher risk of hemorrhage during the latency period.
Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Corpus Callosum ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemodynamics ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Latency Period (Psychology) ; Microsurgery ; Radiosurgery ; Veins

Situs inversus totalis with dextrocardia is a rare congenital anomaly and its incidence is approximately 1: 6,000-35,000 in general population. Such patients usually have structurally normal hearts and are expected to have normal life span. Coronary angioplasty in such patients have previously been reported, but reported cases in literature are scanty. This report describes our experience of successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with stent in acute myocardial infarction patient with situs inversus totalis and dextrocardia who exhibited total occlusion of the mid left anterior descending coronary artery.
Angioplasty ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary* ; Coronary Vessels ; Dextrocardia ; Heart ; Humans ; Incidence ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Situs Inversus* ; Stents*

PURPOSE: We encountered a rare case of optic neuritis that developed in a sphenoid sinusitis. This case has not been reported at any of the Korean Ophthalmological Society meetings. CASE SUMMARY: A 12-year-old boy with swollen optic disc was diagnosed with optic neuritis secondary to sphenoid sinusitis, through orbit MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and paranasal sinus CT (computed tomography). We observed the recovery of visual acuity and the improvement of papilledema after treatment. In the initial examination, the BCVA (best-corrected visual acuity) of the right eye was only hand movement. Papilledema was detected by ophthalmoscopy. Orbit MRI and paranasal sinus CT were then performed, which revealed that sphenoid sinusitis had invaded the right optic nerve. Treatment included the use of antibiotics, systemic steroid therapy, and endoscopic sinus surgery. One month after treatment, the BCVA of the right eye was 1.0 and the papilla of right eye had a normal ophthalmoscopic finding. CONCLUSIONS: Sphenoid sinusitis can be a cause of optic neuritis. The treatment of optic neuritis caused by paranasal sinusitis must include antibiotics use or endoscopic sinus surgery to remove the sinus inflammation as well as high dose steroid therapy.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Child ; Hand ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Optic Nerve ; Optic Neuritis* ; Orbit ; Papilledema ; Sinusitis ; Sphenoid Sinus* ; Sphenoid Sinusitis* ; Visual Acuity

OBJECTIVE: There are complications in stand-alone cage assisted anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), such as cage subsidence and kyphosis. Here we report our clinical result on ACDF, comparing with stand-alone cages and with cervical plate system for degenerative cervical spine diseases. METHODS: Patients with degenerative cervical disease who were diagnosed and treated in Konyang University Hospital between January 2004 and December 2014 were included in this study. Patients who had operation in single level ACDF were selected. Patients scored the degree of pain using visual analog scale before and after the surgery. Subsidence was defined as ≥3-mm decrease of the segmental height, and cervical kyphosis was defined as progression of ≥5° at 12 months after postoperative follow-up compared to that measured at the immediate postoperative period. RESULTS: A total of 81 patients were enrolled for this study. Forty-five patients were included in a cervical plate group and the others were in stand-alone cage group. There was no statistical difference in pain score between the 2 groups. Segmental subsidence was observed in 7 patients (15.6%) in plate-assisted cervical fusion group, and 13 patients (36.1%) in stand-alone cage group. Segmental kyphosis was observed in 4 patients (8.9%) in plate-assisted cervical fusion group, and 10 patients (27.8%) in stand-alone cage group. There was statistical difference between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: There was no difference in pain between 2 groups. But stand-alone case group showed higher incidence rate than plate-assisted cervical fusion group in segmental subsidence and cervical kyphosis. When designing cervical fusion, more attention should be given selecting the surgical technique.
Diskectomy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kyphosis ; Postoperative Period ; Spine ; Visual Analog Scale

A case is presented to demonstrate the image findings of a patient with a recent onset of progressive spinal cord compression caused by a huge arachnoid cyst. A 45-year-old woman with progressive paraparesis and dysaesthesia on both legs had extradural mass on thoracolumbar junction and she was cured successfully with surgery. The tumor mass turned out to be arachnoid cyst histologically. By the time of discharge all neurologic deficits and symptoms were cured. Thoracolumbar extradural arachnoid cyst is rare cause of the spastic paraparesis. It is an unusual expanding lesion in the spinal canal which may communicate with the subarachnoid space. The goal of surgery is to decompress the spinal cord and close the connection with the subarachnoid space. We report a case of huge thoracolumbar arachnoid cyst presenting spastic paraparesis with a review of literatures.
Arachnoid* ; Female ; Humans ; Leg ; Middle Aged ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Paraparesis ; Paraparesis, Spastic ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Cord Compression ; Subarachnoid Space