81 cases, 79 patients of ankle fracure treated at pusan Maryknoll hospital from May, 1980 to January, 1986 were analized in clinical and radiological aspect. The results obtained from this study were as following. l. Of the 79 patients, male was 61 patients and female was 18 patients. The average age of the patients was 36 years. 2. Main cause of the injury was traffic accident (35 cases, 43.3%) and the other causes were industrial accident, fall down, slip down, and sports accident in orders. 3. By the classification of Lauge-Hansen, the most common type was pronation external rotation(29 cases, 35.8%). 4. Open reduction was performed in 55 cases(67.9%), and closed reduction in 25 cases(30.1%) 5. The average duration of the cast immobilization was 8 weeks in closed reduction and 7 weeks in open reduction. 6. The result of the treatment was better in those cases of the open reduction than that of the closed reduction. 7. The most poor result was noticed in pronation dorsiflexion type. 8. We agree that Lauge-Hansen classification is useful in diagnosis and treatment of the ankle fracture.
Accidents, Occupational ; Accidents, Traffic ; Ankle Fractures ; Ankle ; Busan ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Male ; Pronation ; Sports

An epidemiological investigation was conducted on Metagonimus yokogawai infection in Hadong Gun (County), Gyeongsang Nam Do, Korea, and following findings were obtained. Overall prevalence rate of Metagonimus yokogawai infection was 29.1 percent from a total of 1,163 inhabitants examined. By area of river and stream, Seomjin-gang R.: 9.5 percent (out of 95 inhabitants examined) in Jeondo Ri in the lower river, 19.9 percent (156) at Dugog Ri near Hadong town, and 90.8 percent (65) in Tab Ri of Hwagae Myeon where Hwagae-cheon Stream joins; Hwagae-Cheon Stream: 42.2 percent (45) in Yonggang Ri of the middle stream and 27.5 percent (72) in Daeseong Ri of the upper stream; Hoengcheon-gang R.: 54.7 percent (161) in Gojeol Ri of the lower river, 40.6 percent (128) in Hoengcheon Ri of the middle stream, and 5.4 percent (93) in Jungi Ri of the upper stream, and 43.8 percent (89) in Uge Ri located along a tributary of the Hoengcheon-gang R. and 4.0 percent (101) in Jangam Ri which is located about 4 km away from the river; Deogcheon-gang R.: 18.5 percent (54) in Munam Ri; Gwangog-cheon Stream: 2.8 percent (107) in Gwangog Ri. The difference in prevalence rate of the infection by area was correlated with the opportunity and amount of raw eating of sweetfish by the inhabitants in the respective areas. By age and sex, the overall prevalence rate increased from young age group and reached a peak at 20-29 age group and then the rate decreased gradually. In high endemic areas, however, a peak level of the rate lasted up to 40-49 age group in male. On the other hand, in low endemic areas, the rate was significantly lower in female, though moderate level of the infection was seen in male. The overall prevalence rate was higher in male than in female and the difference was greater in middle age groups. The most significant mode of infection by the inhabitants was the raw eating of sweetfish which commonly harbour metacercariae of M. yokogawai during summer through autumn. Besides, it was noted that the infection can be acquired through contamination with the metacercariae on food of various side-dish and kitchen utensils as well as on hands of a cook when such fish are prepared or handled. The inhabitants usually begin to acquire infection from early June of a year when fishing of sweetfish opens and acquire infection more frequently in July and August when fish are caught more productively and favored for raw consumption by inhabitants. From September, sweetfish are no more favored for raw consumption and accordingly are dried and cooked in this season. The infection in the sweetfish Plecoglossus altivelis as the second intermediate host was first observed from May with low level of infection and the intensity of infection in a fish rapidly increased until reaching a peak in October when sweetfish season normally ends. The first intermediate host snail of M. yokogawai in this area was Semisulcospira coreana (Martens) which is widely distributed in the streams and rivers in this locality.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Metagonimus yokogawai ; metacercaria ; Plecoglossus altivelis ; epidemiology

No abstract available.
Humans ; Orthopedics*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Orthopedics*

No abstract available.
Hemorrhage*

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by gastrointestinal ployposis and mucocutaneous melanin pigmentation involving the lip, oral mucosa, digits, palms and soles. The polyps are almost hamartomatous. The relationship of gastrointestinal carcinoma and the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome has been discussed for many years. The question is unsettled whether gastrointestinal carcinoma arise in hamartomatous polyps itself. Recently, there are a few reports that adenomatous and carcinomatous changes were superimposed upon the background of the hamartoma. Occasionally epithelial misplacement of the epithelium is found in the small intestinal polyps. Since the epithelial misplacement may involve submucosa, muscularis propria and serosa, a difficulty of histopathologic differential diagnosis between the epithelial misplacement and invasive adenocarcinoma cause overdiagnosis of cancer in the gastrointestinal polyps of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. We present a case of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome of 39-year-old woman with multiple gastrointestinal polyps, two of which showed extensive epithelial misplacement even into the pancreas and another one at the colon showed carcinomatous change at the tip portion. Areas of hamartoma, adenoma and in situ carcinoma were noted in this colonic hamartomatous polyp. This case support that adenoma and carcinomatous changes may evolve directly within a hamartomaous polyp itself.
Female ; Humans ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma

BACKGROUND: As there are many teenagers being addicted to the Internet ever since the computer became one of the communication channels, similar addictive phenomena are expected to occur for mobile phone usage as it rapidly positions itself as a means of communication among teenagers. OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to describe the pattern of mobile phone usage among high school students and to examine the association with psychological characteristics related to addiction such as depression, self-esteem and impulsiveness. METHODOLOGY: A survey was conducted for 501 high school students(254 males and 247 females), currently using mobile phones, in the Metropolitan Seoul area. The Questionnaire by Young for the evaluation of internet addiction was modified and supplemented incorporating the circumstances in Korea. For the psychological characteristics, following were used: Korean translation of the depression scale CES-D, the self-esteem scale and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Based on the total score on the mobile phone survey, the top 25% were categorized as the addicted user group (n=129) and the bottom 25% as the non-addicted user group(n=126). RESULTS: The addicted user group started using the mobile phone earlier, used their phones for longer durations and displayed higher purchasing frequencies than the non-addicted user group. Furthermore, the addicted group members scored higher in terms of average daily usage time, voice call duration, SMS exchanges, the number of contacts stored in the phone, experiences of using the phone during classes, and average monthly charges. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to assess associated factors of addicted mobile phone use. In terms of psychological characteristics, addicted mobile phone use was 10.2 times(OR=10.2, 95% CI 2.1~49.2) greater if the depression point is 51 or higher compared to 35 or less, and 6.3 times(OR=6.4, 95% CI 2.0~20.5) greater if the impulsiveness point is 61 or higher compared to 50 or less. CONCLUSION: These finding showed that there were differences between the addicted mobile phone user group and the non-addicted counterpart in terms of mobile phone usage patterns and psychological characteristics such as depression and impulsiveness. Further studies on the association between addicted use of mobile phone and psychological factors are needed.
Adolescent ; Cellular Phone* ; Depression ; Humans ; Internet ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Psychology ; Seoul ; Voice ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Breast*

No abstract available.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell*

Pneumocystis carinii is the most common cause of diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in the immunocompromised patients. Microscopically, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia(PCP) shows characteristic frothy intraalveolar exudate and interstitial lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltrate. However, sometimes the only histologic finding of PCP on routine hematoxylin-eosin stain is that of diffuse alveolar damage(DAD), when we can miss the diagnosis without aid of special stains. We report a case of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia presenting as DAD in a 50-year old man after chemotherapy due to malignant lymphoma. Open lung biopsy specimen reveals the early stage of DAD without any characteristic findings, such as foamy exudate. However many cysts of Pneumocystis carinii were found on Gomori's methenamine silver(GMS) stain. Therefore, GMS stain should be routinely performed on all biopsy specimens obtained from immunocompromised patients.
Male ; Humans ; Cysts ; Biopsy