No abstract available.
Denture, Partial, Fixed*

No abstract available.
Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

Bone remodeling is characterized by the coupling of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. The process is tightly regualted at the local level by an incompletely known netwotk of peptide and non-peptide fators. Nitric oxide(NO), synthesized by nitric oxide synthetase(NOS) from L-arginine, is becoming recognized as an important bioregualtory molecule in a variety of tissue, but little is known about its possible role in periodontal tissue. The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression of nitric oxide synthetase(NOS) in inflamed gingiva and the effects of cytokine on the expression of NOS protein. The expression of NOS in gingival tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for NOS1, NOS2, NOS3. The effect of cytokine on the expression of NOS in human periodontal ligament cells and osteoblast-like HOS cells by western blot analysis. Further, we studied that NO functions in periodontal ligment cells as a regulatory molecule. PDL cells incubated with NOS inhibitor and donor. The protein expression, type I collagen & non-collagenous protein, nitrate production and cell proliferation were evaluated The results were as follows. 1. NOS1, NOS2, NOS3 was rarely distributed in healthy gingiva, but stronger stained in gingival epithelium, endothelial cells, and mononuclear cells of inflammed gingiva. 2. The cytokine stimulated NOS1, and NOS3 protein were not inducing or inhibitory effect to compared with control in PDL and HOS cells. 3.Incubation of cells with combination of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, LPS result in a time dependant increase in NOS2 expression, reaching a maximal level after 24 hours of stimulation. 4. The osteonectin protein inhibitory effect of NMA, inhibitor of NOS, was reversed by Larginine in dose dependant manner. 5. NMA decreased cell proliferation and nitrate production, but the inhibitory efffect of NMA was also prevented by the NO donor, sodium nitropruiside. These results suggest that exogenously synthesized NO was playing a stimulating effect on cell proliferation or on non-collagenous protein expression. Therefore NO have an important role in mediation of localized bone destruction associated inflammatory bone disease such as periodontitis
Arginine ; Blotting, Western ; Bone Diseases ; Bone Remodeling ; Bone Resorption ; Cell Proliferation ; Collagen Type I ; Endothelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Negotiating ; Nitric Oxide Synthase* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Osteogenesis ; Osteonectin ; Periodontal Ligament ; Periodontitis ; Sensitivity and Specificity* ; Sodium ; Tissue Donors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

BACKGROUND: Phantom limb sensation is an unusual position sense of the extremity during nerve block that the position of extremity is misinterpreted as being flexed, or elevated, when actually they are in neutral position. Whether it is from the fixation of proprioceptive input at the time of motor blockade or from unmasking of the pattern which has been already present in the CNS is still controversial. We perfomed this study under the assumption that phantom limb sensation can still be reproduced without the influence of position at the time of nerve blockade. METHODS: Thirty-six patients scheduled for elective orthopedic surgery were randomly assigned. For 26 patients, spinal anesthesia was performed with hyperbaric 0.5% tetracaine or bupivacaine at lateral decubitus position and the position was changed to supine immediately. Existence of phantom limb sensation and the level of anesthesia was recorded at 10 and 20 minutes after injection of local anesthetics. For 10 patients, same local anesthetics were injected after patient's legs were straightened in lateral decubitus position. RESULTS: Forteen out of 26 patients whose position were changed to supine immediately after the injection of local anesthetics experienced phantom limb sensations. Five out of 10 patients whose legs were kept straight before the injection of local anesthetics experienced phantom limb sensations. Previous history of trauma was positively related to the expression of phantom limb sensation. CONCLUSION: Our data showed that the expression of phantom limb sensation is reproducible. And this was not related to the position at the time of spinal anesthesia. Trauma seems to be an important factor related to the expression of phantom limb sensation.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Anesthetics, Local ; Bupivacaine ; Extremities ; Humans ; Leg ; Nerve Block ; Orthopedics ; Phantom Limb* ; Proprioception ; Sensation* ; Tetracaine

Indirect composite resin are used as an popular effective esthetic material in prosthetic dentistry, often with metallic substructure that provides support for restorations. Recently, new indirect composite resins as a substitute of ceramic have been developed. These resins provide good esthetics, with a wide range of hue and chroma. And the flexural strength of those is in the range of 120-150MPa, which is higher than that of feldspathic ceramic, and similar tot hat of Dicor. Although it has many merits, one of the major clinical problems of composite resins is the bond failure between metal and resin due to insufficient interfacial bond strength. The purpose of this study was to evaluate shear bond strength of the reinforced indirect composite resin to dental alloys. Three different composite resin systems(Artglass . Sculpture , Targis ) as test groups and ceramic(VMK 68 ) as control group were bonded to Ni-Cr-Be alloy(Rexillium III ) and gold alloy(Dave 4). All specimens were stored at 37degrees C distilled water for 24 hours and the half of specimens were thermocycled 2000 times at temperature from 5degrees C to 60degrees C. The shear bond strengths of reinforced indirect composite resins to dental alloys were measured by using the universal testing machine, and modes of debonding were observed by stereoscope and scanning electron microscope. The results were as follows : 1. The shear bond strengths of reinforced indirect composit resins to dental alloys were approximately half those of ceramic to dental alloys(P<0.01). 2. There was no significant difference between the shear bond strength of several reinforced indirect composite resins to metal. 3. Alloy type did not affect on the shear bond strengths of resin to metal, but the shear bond strengths of ceramic to gold alloys were higher than those of ceramic to Ni-Cr alloys(P<0.05). 4. The shear bond strenghts of Artglass and Targis to gold alloys were significantly decreased after thermocycling treatment(P<0.01). 5. Sculpture showed cohesive, adhesive, and mixed failure modes, but Artglass and Targis showed adhesive or mixed failures. And ceramic showed cohesive and mixed failures.
Adhesives ; Alloys ; Ceramics ; Composite Resins* ; Dental Alloys* ; Dentistry ; Esthetics ; Gold Alloys ; Sculpture ; Water

The clustering of insulin resistance with hypertension, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, increased triglyceride and decreased HDL cholesterol levels, and central and overall obesity has been called syndrome X, or the insulin resistance syndrome(IRS). To develop a nutrition service for IRS, this study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of each component of the metabolic abnormalities of IRS and analyze the clustering pattern of IRS among subjects living in the Taegu community. Participants in this study were 9234(mean age ; M/F 48/40yrs);63.5% were men, 24.4% were obese, 13.3% had hypertension. 3.7% had hyperglycemia, and 32.4% had hyperlipidemia. The IRS was defined as the coexistence of two or more components among metabolic abnormalities; obesity, hypertension. hyperglucemia and hyperlipidemia. The prevalence of IRS in Taegu was 19.2%(M/F:20.8%/16.4%), the clustering of these fisk variables was higher in advanced age group. Among the subjects of IRS having two of more diseases, 75.6% were obese, the pattern were similar in men and women. The younger, the higher the prevalence of obesity associated clustering patterns. The prevalence of obesity associated patterns among the hyperglycemia associated clustering patterns was 44.5%. The samples of the representative clustering patterns were obesity and hyperlipidemia (8.0%), hypertension and hyperlipidemia(3.2%), hypertension, obesity and hyperlipiemia(3.1%), hypertension and obesity(2.3%), and hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia(0.8%). The clustering of obesity and hyperlipidemia until 50 year old groups, and the clustering of hypertension and hyperlipidemia in the 60 and 70 age groups were the most prevalent. We concluded that insulin resistance syndrome was a relatively common disorder in the Taegu community, and prevalence and the characteristics of the intervention strategies for IRS are desired, an effective improvement will be achieved.
Cholesterol, HDL ; Daegu* ; Female ; Glucose Intolerance ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Hyperinsulinism ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Insulin Resistance* ; Insulin* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; Prevalence ; Triglycerides

The amino acid L-glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of vertebrates(1). NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) is one of the L-glutamate receptor subtypes(2). During a critical period of early postnatal development, the visual cortex is susceptible to experience-dependent modification of neuronal responses. Recently, the activation of NMDA receptors has been supposed as a prerequisite for the induction of such modification(3). We therefore investigated developmental changes of NMDA receptors in the rat visual cortex and questioned whether they could be related to the visual development. We assessed the density of [(3)H]-NMDA receptor in the visual cortex of normally reared rate (Group I) and visually deprived rats (Group II) using quantitative autoradiography(4). The density of [(3)H]-NMDA receptor was significantly lower in Group II than in group I during the early postnatal period, and increased rapidly by postnatal 1 week and, decreased after postnatal 5 weeks. These results suggested that NMDA receptors may play a role in neuronal development in the visual cortex during the early postnatal period.
Animals ; Autoradiography ; Dark Adaptation ; Eyelids/surgery ; Glutamates/metabolism ; Glutamic Acid ; Light ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*metabolism ; Visual Cortex/growth & development/*metabolism

The amino acid L-glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in central nervous system of vertebrates. NMDA( n-methyl-d-aspartate) is one of the L-glutamate receptor subtypes. During a critical period of early postnatal development, the visual cortex is susceptible to experience-dependent modification of neuronal response. Recently, the activation of NMDA receptors has been supposed as an prerequisite for the induction of such modification We therefore investigated developmental changes of NMDA receptors in rat visual cortex and questioned whether they could be related to the visual development. We assessed the density of [3H] NMDA receptor in visual cortex of normally reared rats (Group I) and visually deprivated rats (Group II) using quantitative autoradiography. The density of [3H] NMDA receptor was increased rapidly by postnatal 1 week and decreased after postnatal 5 weeks, and was significantly lower in Group II than Group I during early postnatal period. These results suggest that NMDA receptors may have a role in neuronal development in visual cortex.
Animals ; Autoradiography ; Central Nervous System ; Critical Period (Psychology) ; Glutamic Acid ; N-Methylaspartate* ; Neurons ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Rats* ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate* ; Vertebrates ; Visual Cortex*

Established microleakage tests have their own disadvantages. In this study, 3D reconstruction method was tried to overcome these disadvantages. Four types of microleakage tests were used and relationships among them were estimated: penetrated dye volume; marginal adaptability; degree of dye penetration and relative penetrated length to cavity wall. Twenty-four Class V cavities were bulk filled with composite (Esthet X) following surface treatments: N group (no treatment); E group (etching only); T group (etching + Prime & Bond NT). 50% silver nitrate was used as a dye solution after thermocycling (5degrees C & 55degrees C, 1,000 times). Teeth were serially ground with a thickness of 0.2 mm. Volume of dye penetration was estimated from a three-dimensionally reconstructed image with a software (3D-DOCTOR). Percentage of margin without gap was estimated from SEM and degree of dye penetration and the relative length of dye penetration to overall cavity wall were also estimated. ANOVA and Scheffe test for dye volume, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test for marginal quality, Spearman's rho test for checking of relationships among methods were used. The results were as follows: 1. Dye penetration could be seen from several directions, furthermore, its volumetric estimation was possible. 2. Reverse relationship was found between dye volume and marginal quality (r = -0.881 / p = 0.004). 3. Very low relationship was seen between dye volume and two-dimensional tests (degree of dye penetration and relative length). However, 2D evaluation methods showed high relationship (p = 0.002-0.054) each other. 4. Three times vertical section could be recommended as a 2D test.
Silver Nitrate ; Tooth*

This study was performed to evaluate the correlationship between posterior capsular opacification and optic configuration of intraocular lens in extracapsular lens extraction with In-the-bag implantation of posterior chamber lens. We retrospectively studied the 455 cases of cataract operations that were performed between January 1993 and January 1995. All were in-the-bag placement and their optic designs were divided into two groups: a group of biconvex lens and a group of convex-plano lens with continuous laser ridge. The incidence of PCO in bicovex lens group was 7.0% and that of convex plano lens with laser ridge group was 7.1%. The difference in the rate of posterior capsular opacification between two groups was not statistically significant. The incidence of Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy revealed 0.0% in continuous ridged group and 2.6% in biconvex group(p>0.05).
Capsule Opacification* ; Cataract ; Incidence ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Posterior Capsulotomy ; Retrospective Studies