No abstract available.
Palatine Tonsil* ; Tonsillitis*

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare the parent-child relationship of adolescents with depression and those without depression, by using Parent-Child Relationship Instrument (PCRI), Family Relationship Scale (FRS), and Parenting Attitude Test-Youth (PAT-Y). We also investigated the association between the parent-child relationship and depressive symptoms. METHODS: Twenty-five adolescents with depression (age 15.0+/-2.1 years, 8 boys) and 24 adolescents without depression (age 13.7+/-1.3 years, 16 boys) completed the Adolescent-General Behavior Inventory (A-GBI), Adolescent-Mood Disorder Questionnaire (A-MDQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), PCRI, and PAT-Y. The parents of subjects completed the Child Behavior Checklist, Parent-General Behavior Inventory 10-item Mania Scale (P-GBI-10M), Parent-Mood Disorder Questionnaire, and FRS. Independent t-tests, analysis of covariance, and partial correlation analysis were used. RESULTS: The Intimacy (p=.002) and Respect (p=.029) scores of the PCRI were significantly higher in adolescents without depression compared to those with depression. The Intimacy scores of the PCRI showed negative correlation with the BDI and P-GBI-10M and the Strictness scores of the PCRI showed positive correlation with the A-GBI, A-MDQ, and BDI. The Inconsistency, Punishment, and Excessive Expectation scores of the PAT-Y showed positive correlation with the A-GBI and BDI scores. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest a possible association of the parent-children relationship and parenting attitude with adolescents' depressive symptoms.
Adolescent* ; Bipolar Disorder ; Checklist ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Depression* ; Family Relations ; Humans ; Parent-Child Relations* ; Parenting ; Parents ; Punishment ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The deletion 9p syndrome is a well characterized syndrome with about one hundred cases having been reported. Most patients have dysmorphic facial features, cardiac anomalies, and mental retardation. We report on a female infant with micrognathia, corneal opacity, cleft palace, cardiac anomaly, left polycystic kidney, and deletion 9p. Chromosome analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed her to have a derived chromosome 9 inherited from a maternal t(9;16) (p22;p13.2) by adjacent I segregation There are few reports of this particular chromosome rearrangement. We review deletion Sp syndrome.
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 ; Corneal Opacity ; Female ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Infant ; Intellectual Disability ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases

The midface are bounded by a line connecting the two zygomaticofrontal suture, passing through the frontomaxillary and frontonasal suture, and limited below by the occlusal plane of maxillary teeth. Midface fractures include fractures affecting the maxilla, the zygoma, and the nasoorbital ethmoid complex. Midface fractures can be classified as LeFort 1, II, III fractures, sygomaticomaxillary complex fractures, zygomatic arch frationctures, or nasoorbital ethmoid fractures. These injuries may be isolated or occur in combine. And sort tissue injuries to the facial structures are commonly encountered in the treatment of midface fractured patient. Soft tissue wounds may be limited to the superficial structures, but more serious injuries may extend to involve anatomic structures such as the sensory and motor nerves of the face; the parotid, or nasolacrimal glands or ducts ; or the dentoalveolar structures. Especially, these fractures are combined with the orbit, brain injuries and skull base fractures. This is to report the incidence, causes, criteria, complication and treatments of patients who visited our department for midface fracture, for last 10 years.
Brain Injuries ; Dental Occlusion ; Humans ; Incidence ; Maxilla ; Orbit ; Skull Base ; Sutures ; Tooth ; Wounds and Injuries ; Zygoma ; Zygomatic Fractures

OBJECTIVE: Because of the limited penetration into the central nervous system after systemic administration of numerous therapeutic compounds, intratumoral chemotherapy for brain tumors has also been used. However, the efficacy of intratumoral drug administration is restricted by the poor diffusion of drug through tumor and brain interstitium. In order to enhance the diffusion of chemotherapeutic agent and increase the cytotoxicity with minimal dose, the authors report the results of convection-enhanced delivery(CED) of chemotherapeutic agent to the malignant brain tumor as a method of enhancing cerebral drug delivery. METHODS: Authors used "CADD-Micro(R) ambulatory infusion pump" from Deltec, which can be programmed for continuous infusion. Intratumoral injection of chemotherapeutic drug using the pump was applied to eight patients with glioma and one patient with lymphoma. Surgery was done and tumor was removed as much as possible. The tip of catheter was placed in the center of tumor cavity. Adriamycin (0.16~0.32mg) was put in the reservoir which was connected to the proximal catheter and fixed in the pump device. Twenty-four hours after surgery, Adriamycin was infused. RESULTS: There was no adverse reaction of CED technique. Compared with current delivery techniques, the improvement of survival rate has been observed(5 patients: alive, 3 patients: dead, 1 patient: lost(alive to 5 mo.)). CONCLUSION: CED can be useful method for distributing therapeutic molecules in the interstitial space of tumor and can be utilized for chemotherapeutic agents, immunotoxins, and gene etc..
Brain ; Brain Neoplasms ; Catheters ; Central Nervous System ; Diffusion ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Therapy ; Glioma ; Humans ; Immunotoxins ; Lymphoma ; Survival Rate

Posterior lumbar fusion is a safe and effective surgical method for diseases, such as lumbar stenosis, spondylolisthesis, lumbar instability, spinal deformity, and tumor. Pedicle screw (PS) fixation was first introduced by Bouche and has been adopted as the gold standard for posterior lumbar fusion. Santoni and colleagues introduced a new methodological screw insertion technique that uses a cortical bone trajectory (CBT), described as that from a medial to lateral path in the transverse axial plane and caudal to the cephalad path in the sagittal plane through the pedicle for maximum contact of the screw with the cortical bone. Owing to the lower invasiveness, superior cortical bone contact, and reduced neurovascular injury incidence, the CBT technique has been widely used in posterior lumbar fusion; however, these advantages have not been proven in clinical/radiological and biomechanical studies. We designed the present study to review the existing evidence and evaluate the merit of CBT screw fixation. Six electronic databases were searched for relevant articles published in August 2020 using the search terms “cortical bone trajectory,” “CBT spine,” “CBT fixation,” “cortical pedicle screws,” and “cortical screws.” Studies were analyzed and divided into the following groups: “biomechanics investigation,” “surgical technique,” and “clinical/radiological studies.” Most studies compared CBT and PS fixation, and the CBT screw fixation method showed better or similar outcomes.

In the present study, immunohistochemical detection of p53 oncoprotein was performed to determine whether the grade of differentiation and the histologic type of gastric adenocarcinoma, and the degree of atypia accompanied with adenoma can be related to p53 mutation. Paraffin sections of 22 gastric adenomas and 56 gastric adenocarcinomas were examined for the overexpression of p53 oncoprotein with the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex staining procedure. The obtained results were as follows; 1. All the 22 cases of adenomas and 16 cases of well differentated adenocarcinomas showed uniformly negative staining. 2.Seven of 18 cases of moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas(39%), and five of 30 cases of poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas(17%) exhibited p53 protein expression. 3. Three of 29 cases of diffuse type (10%) and 9 of 19 cases of intestinal type(47%) exhibited p53 protein expression. These results suggest that p53 mutation is important in carcinogenesis of the intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma, and there is no correlation between the differentiation of gastric adenocarcinoma and the degree of p53 oncoprotein overexpression.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma

PURPOSE: To describe the magnetic resonance (MR) findings of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVF) and associated venous hypertensive diseases, and to determine their diagnostic value. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR Imagings of twelve cases of angiographically-proven intracranial DAVF were analyzed. The presence of signal voids, dilatation of involved dural sinus, the dilatation of the extra/intradural venous system, high signal intensity on T2 weighted image, cerebral edema, intracranial hemorrhage, and hydrocephalus were retrospectively analyzed. MR findings and angiographic classification were compared. RESULTS: In 11 of 12 patients (92%), MR revealed the location of DAVF. In five cases, these were cavernous, and in six, they were extracavernous; the locations of the latter were as follows: superior sagittal sinus (SSS), 4: torcula, 1; lateral sinus & SSS, 1. Except for the lateral sinus lesion, all the DAVF seen in thses 11 patients showed the presence of signal voids and dilatation of the involved dural sinus. Findings of associated venous hypertensive disease, namely dilatation of the superior ophthalmic vein and cortical venous system, cerebral edema, and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images were observed in three cavernous lesions (50%), but all extracavernous DAVF (100%) showed associated venous hypertensive disease. When the grade of angiographic classification was high and reflux of sinus blood to the cortical vein was seen on angiography, the MR findings of intracranial venous hypertension showed good correlation. CONCLUSION: The MR findings of DAVF include dilatation of the dural sinus and signal voids of feeding arteries and draining vein. Other findings which suggest intracranial venohypertensive disease are dilatation of the cortical and medullary vein, hydrocephallus, cerebral edema and intracranial hamorrhage. These and the angiographic findings correlate well and suggest that in the diagnosis of DAVF and the detection of intracanial venohypertension, MR is a non-invasivse technique which can be use be usefully employed before final diagnosis by angiography.
Angiography ; Arteries ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; Brain Edema ; Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations* ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Hypertension ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Retrospective Studies ; Superior Sagittal Sinus ; Transverse Sinuses ; Veins

Background: The diagnosis of acute leukemia is multidisciplinary with histology, immunology, and cytogenetics. Among these, cytogenetics is important for diagnosis and analysis of prognosis and some of the chromosomal abnormalities are specific for the particular subtypes of acute leukemia. However, cytogenetic analysis is laborious and sometimes does not provide sufficient metaphases. To detect the common 7 gene rearrangements in acute leukemia, a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed simultaneously under the same conditions. Methods: The author analyzed 38 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 20 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) for the evaluation and treatment of acute leukemia. The simultaneous RT-PCR assays were performed under the same conditions to detect 7 chromosomal abnormalities of t(1:19), t(8; 21), t(9; 22), dupMLL (11q23), t(12; 21), t(15; 17), and inv(16) in acute leukemia. Results: The simultaneous RT-PCR assay detected the expression of 7 fusion genes generated by chromosomal rearrangement. The gene rearrangements were found in 53% of AML and 40% of ALL. In AML, there were 7 cases of PML/RARA, 6 cases of AML1/ETO, 4 cases of dupMLL, and 3 cases of CBF/MYH11. In ALL, 4 cases of dupMLL, 2 cases of BCR/ABL, 1 case of E2A/PBX1, and 1 case of TEL/AML1 were detected. The discrepant results between simultaneous RT-PCR and cytogenetic analysis were found in 11 cases. Nine cases were positive by simultaneous RT-PCR but negative in the cytogenetic analysis and each case of variant t(9; 22) and t(15; 17) was negative in simultaneous RT-PCR. Conclusions: It suggests that the simultaneous RT-PCR assay is an efficient and fast procedure for the detection of genetic changes in acute leukemia and it appears to be an useful method for rapid diagnosis of acute leukemia.
Allergy and Immunology ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; Cytogenetics ; Diagnosis ; Gene Rearrangement* ; Leukemia* ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Metaphase ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Prognosis

No abstract available.
Autografts* ; Cartilage* ; Transplantation, Autologous*