The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between proliferation and cell death during oral carcinogenesis. Syrian golden hamsters which were 3 month old and 90-120 gm-weight were used in this study. The 9, 10-dimethyl-1, 2-benzanthracene(DMBA) in a 0.5% solution in mineral oil was painted on the buccal pouch mucosa 3 times per week in the experimental group during 20 weeks. Control group was painted with mineral oil. In each control and experimental group of 6,8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18,20 weeks, specimen were sectioned for immunohistochemical study with anti-Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen(PCNA), anti-transglutaminase transglutaminase and GST-pi were obtained by counting the positive cells to those antibodies. The following results were obtained. 1. Histopathologically, finding of epithelial dysplasia of the 6 and 8 weeks experimental group and carcinoma in situ in the 12 weeks and squamous cell carcinoma in those of the 14 weeks were seen. 2. PCNA positive cells were mainly mild expressed in the basal cell layer of normal oral mucosa, increased moderately, after 6 weeks. In suprabasal cell layer, control group is negative but retained moderately between 6 weeks and 14 weeks, and decreased after 16 weeks. In spinous cell layer, restricted only between 12 weeks and 16 weeks, other period is mild or negative. 3. PCNA index of experimental group revealed the increased peak in 6 weeks and 20 weeks than control group, and retained between 12 weeks and 18 weeks. All experimental group expressed higher PCNA index than control group(p.<0.05). 4. Tranglutaminase expression was localized in outer and suprabasal layers on control group, but after 6 weeks, expression site moved spinous & suprabasal cell layers, and after 8 weeks, expression is spreaded to basal cell layer, and this patters retained to 20 weeks. Transglutaminase expression of experimental group was higher than control group after 8 weeks. 5. The positive staining of detoxifying agent, G1utathione S-Transferase(GST)pi of experimental group was radually increased from 6 weeks. After 10 weeks, all layer of experimental group was seen positive reaction. The strong positive staining in center of tumor and weak positive staining in periphery of tumor were seen at the stage of squamous cell carcimoma in 14 weeks. According to the results, we should suggest that the more increased proliferation of tumor cell, the more increased expression of PCNA, transglutaminase and GST-pi as a detoxifying agent during carcinogenesis by induced DMBA were seen.
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene* ; Animals ; Antibodies ; Carcinogenesis* ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Death ; Cricetinae* ; Humans ; Infant ; Mesocricetus ; Mineral Oil ; Mouth Mucosa ; Mucous Membrane ; Paint ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen*

No abstract available.
Leiomyoma*

No abstract available.
Peritoneum*

To measure the mutagenic activity of micro-organic pollutants in drinking water, mutagenic test was conducted using Salmnella typhimurium TA 98 strain on the water sample taken from three water supply station and six tap water in Seoul in July and November 1987. The results were as follows : 1. The average amounts of organic matters in raw, treated, and tap water sampled in July were 0.38mg/l, 0.28mg/l, and 0.45mg/l, respectively, and sampled in November were 0.34mg/l, 0.24mg/l, and 0.22mg/l, respectively. The amount of organic matters of tap water sampled in November did not increase while that of tap water sampled in July increased compare to those of raw or treated water. 2. The amount of organic matters is the highest in neutral fraction compare to acidic and basic fractions. 3. In the five out of six tap water and raw water of Paldang and Kuui station sampled in July, the mutagenic ratios were greater than two (both direct and indirect mutagenicity). 4. In the three out six tap water and raw and treated water of Kuui station sampled in November, the mutagenic ratios were greater than two. 5. While mutagenic were low in acidic and basic fraction, they were high in neutral fraction. The samples which had high mutagenic activity in the total amount also showed high mutagenic activity in neutral fraction. 6. While mutagenic activity was decreased after the treatment of water, it was increased in tap water as the distance from the water supply station increases.
Drinking Water* ; Drinking* ; Seoul* ; Water ; Water Supply

We report a case of prenatal diagnosis of fetal congenital goiter at 31weeks of gestation by ultrasonogram and fetal hypothyroidism confirmed at birth as thyroid function test by umbilical cord blood sampling. Maternal Graves' disease and the drugs used to treat hyperthyroidism in pregnant women can affect the fetus, causing hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism and goiter. Fetal hypothyroidism may be caused by transplacental passage of either maternal thyrotropic-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin(TBII) antibodies or maternal treatment with propylthiouracil(PTU). Untreated fetal hypothyroidism may result in mental retardation, perceptual-motor, visual-spatial, and language developmental problems. In this article fetal thyroid function was not assessed by cordocentesis, but fetal congenital goiter was detected ultrasound. Ultrasound should be used to detect fetal goiter from 20 weeks onward. Fetal goiter should resolve when maternal PTU treatment is decreased. We have diagnosed fetal hypothyroidism in utero by ultrasonography. Significance of in utero management of fetal hypothyroidism is discussed.
Antibodies ; Congenital Hypothyroidism ; Cordocentesis ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Fetus ; Goiter* ; Graves Disease ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism* ; Hypothyroidism ; Intellectual Disability ; Language Development ; Mothers* ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Prenatal Diagnosis* ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Gland ; Ultrasonography

Owing to the advancement of imaging techniques which include the CT scan, it became easier to evaluate fracture patterns of calcaneal fractures accurately. Moreover, it is possible to obtain good results with operative treatment as a consequence of the development of good operative equipment and new operative technique. In 1988, Regazzoni and Benirschke in 1990, recommended L-shaped extensive lateral approach for calcaneus which provide extensive exposure of calcaneus and so allow easier reduction and fixation. We carried out L-shaped extensive lateral approach in 11 cases from June, 1993 to April, 1994. This approach did not produce any skin problems and allowed excellent anatomical reduction and fixation. But we experienced some severe causalgia on the heel region in several cases. We tried to analyse the cause of pain and concluded that it was the damage to the lateral calcaneal branch of the sural nerve. We are reporting the problems of tbis approach.
Calcaneus ; Causalgia ; Heel ; Skin ; Sural Nerve ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Animals ; Embryonic Structures* ; Mice*

No abstract available.
Umbilical Arteries*

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Female* ; Humans ; Urethra*