We describe the updated Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology (KSGO) practice guideline for the management of cervical cancer, version 5.1. The KSGO announced the fifth version of its clinical practice guidelines for the management of cervical cancer in March 2024. The selection of the key questions and the systematic reviews were based on data available up to December 2022. Between 2023 and 2024, substantial findings from large-scale clinical trials and new advancements in cervical cancer research remarkably emerged. Therefore, based on the existing version 5.0, we updated the guidelines with newly accumulated clinical data and added 4 new key questions reflecting the latest insights in the field of cervical cancer. For each question, recommendation was formulated with corresponding level of evidence and grade of recommendation, all established through expert consensus.

Bezoars are indigestible masses that can cause gastrointestinal complications such as obstructions and perforations. We report the case of a 60-year-old man with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and duodenal ulcer surgery. The patient developed a large gastric phytobezoar that caused persistent dyspepsia and epigastric pain. Upper endoscopy confirmed a 10-cm phytobezoar and a 1.5-cm active ulcer at the gastric angle. To soften the bezoar, Coca-Cola and cellulase were administered to the patient. This treatment significantly reduced the bezoar’s hardness, permitting its successful endoscopic fragmentation using conventional devices. Over three endoscopic sessions, the bezoar was fragmented into pieces smaller than 1 cm and removed; thereafter, the gastric ulcer healed completely. This case illustrates the effectiveness of combining the actions of Coca-Cola and cellulase with endoscopic methods to treat large bezoars, providing an alternative to surgical approaches in community healthcare settings.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic, disabling, and functional bowel disorder that significantly affects social functioning and reduces quality of life and increases social costs. The Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility published clinical practice guidelines on the management of IBS based on a systematic review of the literature in 2017, and planned to revise these guidelines in light of new evidence on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of IBS. The current revised version of the guidelines is consistent with the previous version and targets adults diagnosed with or suspected of having IBS. These guidelines were developed using a combination of de novo and adaptation methods, with analyses of existing guidelines and discussions within the committee, leading to the identification of key clinical questions. Finally, the guidelines consisted of 22 recommendations, including 3 concerning the definition and risk factors of IBS, 4 regarding diagnostic modalities and strategies, 2 regarding general management, and 13 regarding medical treatment. For each statement, the advantages, disadvantages, and precautions were thoroughly detailed. The modified Delphi method was used to achieve expert consensus to adopt the core recommendations of the guidelines. These guidelines serve as a reference for clinicians (including primary care physicians, general healthcare providers, medical students, residents, and other healthcare professionals) and patients, helping them to make informed decisions regarding IBS management.

Bezoars are indigestible masses that can cause gastrointestinal complications such as obstructions and perforations. We report the case of a 60-year-old man with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and duodenal ulcer surgery. The patient developed a large gastric phytobezoar that caused persistent dyspepsia and epigastric pain. Upper endoscopy confirmed a 10-cm phytobezoar and a 1.5-cm active ulcer at the gastric angle. To soften the bezoar, Coca-Cola and cellulase were administered to the patient. This treatment significantly reduced the bezoar’s hardness, permitting its successful endoscopic fragmentation using conventional devices. Over three endoscopic sessions, the bezoar was fragmented into pieces smaller than 1 cm and removed; thereafter, the gastric ulcer healed completely. This case illustrates the effectiveness of combining the actions of Coca-Cola and cellulase with endoscopic methods to treat large bezoars, providing an alternative to surgical approaches in community healthcare settings.

Bezoars are indigestible masses that can cause gastrointestinal complications such as obstructions and perforations. We report the case of a 60-year-old man with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and duodenal ulcer surgery. The patient developed a large gastric phytobezoar that caused persistent dyspepsia and epigastric pain. Upper endoscopy confirmed a 10-cm phytobezoar and a 1.5-cm active ulcer at the gastric angle. To soften the bezoar, Coca-Cola and cellulase were administered to the patient. This treatment significantly reduced the bezoar’s hardness, permitting its successful endoscopic fragmentation using conventional devices. Over three endoscopic sessions, the bezoar was fragmented into pieces smaller than 1 cm and removed; thereafter, the gastric ulcer healed completely. This case illustrates the effectiveness of combining the actions of Coca-Cola and cellulase with endoscopic methods to treat large bezoars, providing an alternative to surgical approaches in community healthcare settings.

We describe the updated Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology (KSGO) practice guideline for the management of cervical cancer, version 5.1. The KSGO announced the fifth version of its clinical practice guidelines for the management of cervical cancer in March 2024. The selection of the key questions and the systematic reviews were based on data available up to December 2022. Between 2023 and 2024, substantial findings from large-scale clinical trials and new advancements in cervical cancer research remarkably emerged. Therefore, based on the existing version 5.0, we updated the guidelines with newly accumulated clinical data and added 4 new key questions reflecting the latest insights in the field of cervical cancer. For each question, recommendation was formulated with corresponding level of evidence and grade of recommendation, all established through expert consensus.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic, disabling, and functional bowel disorder that significantly affects social functioning and reduces quality of life and increases social costs. The Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility published clinical practice guidelines on the management of IBS based on a systematic review of the literature in 2017, and planned to revise these guidelines in light of new evidence on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of IBS. The current revised version of the guidelines is consistent with the previous version and targets adults diagnosed with or suspected of having IBS. These guidelines were developed using a combination of de novo and adaptation methods, with analyses of existing guidelines and discussions within the committee, leading to the identification of key clinical questions. Finally, the guidelines consisted of 22 recommendations, including 3 concerning the definition and risk factors of IBS, 4 regarding diagnostic modalities and strategies, 2 regarding general management, and 13 regarding medical treatment. For each statement, the advantages, disadvantages, and precautions were thoroughly detailed. The modified Delphi method was used to achieve expert consensus to adopt the core recommendations of the guidelines. These guidelines serve as a reference for clinicians (including primary care physicians, general healthcare providers, medical students, residents, and other healthcare professionals) and patients, helping them to make informed decisions regarding IBS management.

Bezoars are indigestible masses that can cause gastrointestinal complications such as obstructions and perforations. We report the case of a 60-year-old man with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and duodenal ulcer surgery. The patient developed a large gastric phytobezoar that caused persistent dyspepsia and epigastric pain. Upper endoscopy confirmed a 10-cm phytobezoar and a 1.5-cm active ulcer at the gastric angle. To soften the bezoar, Coca-Cola and cellulase were administered to the patient. This treatment significantly reduced the bezoar’s hardness, permitting its successful endoscopic fragmentation using conventional devices. Over three endoscopic sessions, the bezoar was fragmented into pieces smaller than 1 cm and removed; thereafter, the gastric ulcer healed completely. This case illustrates the effectiveness of combining the actions of Coca-Cola and cellulase with endoscopic methods to treat large bezoars, providing an alternative to surgical approaches in community healthcare settings.

We describe the updated Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology (KSGO) practice guideline for the management of cervical cancer, version 5.1. The KSGO announced the fifth version of its clinical practice guidelines for the management of cervical cancer in March 2024. The selection of the key questions and the systematic reviews were based on data available up to December 2022. Between 2023 and 2024, substantial findings from large-scale clinical trials and new advancements in cervical cancer research remarkably emerged. Therefore, based on the existing version 5.0, we updated the guidelines with newly accumulated clinical data and added 4 new key questions reflecting the latest insights in the field of cervical cancer. For each question, recommendation was formulated with corresponding level of evidence and grade of recommendation, all established through expert consensus.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic, disabling, and functional bowel disorder that significantly affects social functioning and reduces quality of life and increases social costs. The Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility published clinical practice guidelines on the management of IBS based on a systematic review of the literature in 2017, and planned to revise these guidelines in light of new evidence on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of IBS. The current revised version of the guidelines is consistent with the previous version and targets adults diagnosed with or suspected of having IBS. These guidelines were developed using a combination of de novo and adaptation methods, with analyses of existing guidelines and discussions within the committee, leading to the identification of key clinical questions. Finally, the guidelines consisted of 22 recommendations, including 3 concerning the definition and risk factors of IBS, 4 regarding diagnostic modalities and strategies, 2 regarding general management, and 13 regarding medical treatment. For each statement, the advantages, disadvantages, and precautions were thoroughly detailed. The modified Delphi method was used to achieve expert consensus to adopt the core recommendations of the guidelines. These guidelines serve as a reference for clinicians (including primary care physicians, general healthcare providers, medical students, residents, and other healthcare professionals) and patients, helping them to make informed decisions regarding IBS management.