OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of gastric dynamics by transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) combined general anesthesia when controlled hypotension dropped to 60% of the mean arterial prenssure (MAP) baseline, and to provide experimental evidence for organ protection in clinical controlled hypotension.

METHODSEighteen male beagles were randomly divided into three groups, the general anesthesia group (blank), the general anesthesia induced controlled hypotension group (control), and the general anesthesia combined TEAS induced controlled hypotension group (experiment), 6 in each group. Controlled hypotension was performed in the latter two groups with isoflurane inhalation and intravenous injection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was lowered to 60% of the MAP baseline and kept for 60 min. Controlled hypotension was not performed in Beagles of the control group. For Beagles in the experiment group, TEAS [2/100 Hz, (4 ± 1) mA] was applied to bilateral Hegu (LI4), Quchi (LI11), Zusanli (ST36), and Sanyinjiao (SP6) from stable physiological conditions to the end of maintaining stages. Changes of EGG frequencies and EGG amplitudes were monitored. Serum levels of gastrin (GAS) and motilin (MTL) were also detected at corresponding time points during and after experiment.

RESULTSAs for the pressure control effect of TEAS combined general anesthesia in the controlled hypotension, during the process of controlled hypotension (T1-T4), MAP levels of two controlled pressure groups remained relatively stable, and were kept at 60% of the MAP baseline. When the blood pressure dropped to the target low MAP and maintained at 60 min (T1-T4), EGG amplitudes of Beagles in all the three groups showed decreasing tendency. But it was more obviously lower than its basic level in the control group (P <0.05), while it was not obviously decreased in the experiment group (P < 0.05). EGG frequencies of Beagles in all the three groups showed no obvious change during this stage. By the end of the MAP rising stage (T8), the EGG amplitude of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group and the blank group (P < 0.05), while it didn' t show any obvious increase in the control group. During this period, EGG frequencies of the two controlled hypotension groups decreased more than those of the blank group. Two h after rising blood pressure (at T9), EGG amplitudes and frequencies in the two controlled hypotension groups basically restored to their respective baselines and levels of the blank group at T9. At 2 h (T9) after controlled hypotension, serum levels of GAS and MTL were lower than those of basic levels in the two controlled hypotension groups (P <0.05). However, serum levels of GAS and MTL had an increasing trend in the two controlled hypotension groups at 24-72 h (T10-T12). Besides, the increasing speed and amplitude was better in experiment group than in the control group at T10-T12. However, there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). At 72 h (T12) serum levels of GAS and MTL had basically restored to their basic levels in the two controlled hypotension groups and that of the blank control group.

CONCLUSIONEGG amplitudes could be effectively improved in TEAS combined general anesthesia for controlled hypotension at 60% of the MAP baseline, the recovery of the serum GAS level accelerated, gastric power improved and stomach protected.

Acupuncture Points ; Anesthesia ; methods ; Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Arteries ; Dogs ; Gastrins ; Hypotension, Controlled ; Male ; Motilin ; Nitroprusside ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

OBJECTIVETo explore the better therapy in the treatment of ganglion.

METHODSNinety cases of ganglion were randomized into a two-way quintuple puncture group, a common quintuple puncture group and a fire needling group, 30 cases in each one. In the two-way quintuple puncture group, the "9-in-1" multiple penetrating needling technique was used. In the common quintuple puncture group, the traditional "5-in-1" multiple penetrating needling technique was applied. In the fire needling group, the traditional multiple fire needling technique was adopted. The treatment was given once a day, 3 treatments made one session and the efficacy was analyzed statistically after 1 session treatment in the three groups.

RESULTSAll of the three therapeutic methods achieved the efficacy on ganglion. The curative rate was 96. 7% (29/30) in the two-way quintuple puncture group, which was better obviously than 66.7% (20/30) in the common quintuple puncture group and 60. 0% (18/30) in the fire needling group (both P<0. 01).

CONCLUSIONThe two-way quintuple puncture technique achieves the remarkably superior efficacy on ganglion as compared with the common quintuple puncture technique and fire needling technique.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Ganglion Cysts ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

0.01),which were significantly different from group Ⅲ(P

OBJECTIVETo distinguish female and male plants of Gynostemma pentaphyllum quickly and accurately in the stage of seedling and to understand the relation between sex differentiation and endogenous plant hormone.

METHODStained methods of BTB and enzyme linked immuno-sorbent Assay were used.

RESULT10 Hours after being dyed, the liquid extract of female plants turned into yellow, while extract of male ones turned green. There were obvious differences on iPAs and GA(1 + 3) contents but no differences on IAA and ABA contents between male and female plants during the stages of seedling and vegetative growth.

CONCLUSIONBTB can be used for distinguishing female and male plants and there were a certain relation between sex and endogenous plant hormones.

Gibberellins ; metabolism ; Gynostemma ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plant Growth Regulators ; metabolism ; Plant Leaves ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Sex Factors

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy of transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation (TAES) combined intravenous injection and/or Neiguan (P6) injection with droperidol in preventing and treating post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after thyroid tumor surgery.

METHODSRecruited were 120 female patients who underwent selective thyroid tumor surgery were randomly assigned to the control group, the TAES group, the IV group (intravenous injection of droperidol), and the P6 group [Neiguan point (P6) injection of droperidol], respectively, 30 cases in each group. Thirty min before anesthesia induction, 2 mL 0.9% normal saline injection was intravenously injected to those in the control group. Patients in the TAES group received TEAS at bilateral P6 points. 2.5 mg (1 mL) droperidol added in 1 mL 0.9 normal saline was intravenously injected to those in the IV group and injected at bilateral P6 points of those in the P6 group. The occurrence and severity of PONV were observed within 0 - 6 h and within 6 - 24 h after operation in each group.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the incidence and the severity of PONV within 0 - 6 h and within 6 - 24 h after thyroid surgery were significantly reduced in the three treatment groups (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the incidence or the severity of PONV among the TAES, IV and P6 groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSTEAS at P6 could dramatically reduce the occurrence and the severity of PONV after thyroid tumor surgery. Besides, it got equivalent effect to that by intravenous injecting droperidol or by injecting droperidol at P6.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; prevention & control ; Prospective Studies ; Single-Blind Method ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; surgery ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

To determine heat-shock protein (Hsp)90 expression is connected with cellular apoptotic response to heat stress and its mechanism, chicken (Gallus gallus) primary myocardial cells were treated with the Hsp90 promoter, aspirin, and its inhibitor, geldanamycin (GA), before heat stress. Cellular viability, heat-stressed apoptosis and reactive oxygen species level under different treatments were measured, and the expression of key proteins of the signaling pathway related to Hsp90 and their colocalization with Hsp90 were detected. The results showed that aspirin treatment increased the expression of protein kinase B (Akt), the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 and p-IKKα/β and the colocalization of Akt and STAT-3 with Hsp90 during heat stress, which was accompanied by improved viability and low apoptosis. GA significantly inhibited Akt expression and p-IKKα/β level, but not STAT-3 quantity, while the colocalization of Akt and STAT-3 with Hsp90 was weakened, followed by lower cell viability and higher apoptosis. Aspirin after GA treatment partially improved the stress response and apoptosis rate of tested cells caused by the recovery of Akt expression and colocalization, rather than the level of STAT-3 (including its co-localization with Hsp90) and p-IKKα/β. Therefore, Hsp90 expression has a positive effect on cellular capacity to resist heat-stressed injury and apoptosis. Moreover, inhibition of Hsp90 before stress partially attenuated its positive effects.
Apoptosis* ; Aspirin ; Cell Survival ; Chickens* ; Heat Stress Disorders ; Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Hot Temperature* ; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins ; In Vitro Techniques* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Transducers

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Tongsaimai (TSM) tablets in treating foot trauma of diabetic foot (DF) model rats, and discuss its potential mechanism.

METHODMale SD rats were selected to duplicate the diabetic foot ulcer model and randomly divided into the blank control group, the model group, the metformin treatment group, and TSM 12.44, 6.22, 3.11 g x kg(-1) groups (n = 10). The healing of ulcer wounds were observed on day 1, 4, 8, 13 and 18. After 18 days, a histopathologic examination was conducted for ulcer tissues. The contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by hydroxylamine and TBA methods. The content of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were determined with the radioimmunoassay. The immunohistochemical method was used to observe the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ulcer tissues and the number of capillary vessels.

RESULTTSM could alleviate the pathological changes of diabetic foot rats, accelerate the ulcer healing on 4, 8, 13, 18 d, reduce MDA, IL-6, TNF-alpha, VEGF content in rat serum at 18 d (after the rehabilitation period), and enhance the SOD content. Specifically, the TSM 12.44 g x kg(-1) group showed significant differences compared with the model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). At 18 d after the treatment (the late rehabilitation period), the VEGF expression of TSM 12.44, 6.22 g x kg(-1) groups and the number of blood capillaries of the TSM 12.44 g x kg(-1) group were significantly lower than that of the model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONTSM could promote the foot wound healing of DF model rats, reduce MDA, IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels in serum, increase the SOD content and decrease the VEGF expression and the number of blood capillaries in the late rehabilitation period. Its action mechanism may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress injury and the inflammatory cell infiltration.

Animals ; Diabetic Foot ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tablets ; administration & dosage ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; metabolism ; Wound Healing ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the intervention effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint sitmulation (TEAS) on heart under limiting level of controlled hypotension.

METHODSEighteen male Beagles were randomly divided into a general anesthesia group, a control group and an experimental group, 6 dogs in each group. All animals were applied with general anesthesia, and the animals of the control group and the experimental group were administered with combination of isoflurane and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) for controlled hypotension to 30% mean arterial pressure (30% MAP) of base line for 60 min. In the experimental group, TEAS (2 Hz/100 Hz, 6-8 mA) was applied to "Hegu" (LI4), "Zusanli" (ST 36), "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) and "Quchi" (LI 11) from the beginning of physiological conditions stability to the end of maintained low MAP for 60 min. Creatine kinase isoenzymes MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were detected at the base line and 2 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h after operation. Total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in myocardium were observed at 72 h after operation.

RESULTSThe peak of LDH arrived at 24 h after operation and then restored in 3 groups. Compared with basal level, the activity of LDH in controlled group at 72 h after operation was significantly increased (P < 0.05), and in the other two groups no obvious change (P > 0.05). The activity of CK-MB arrived to peak from 2 h to 24 h after operation, and then came back gradually in 3 groups. Compared with postoperative 72 h of the same group, the control group at 48 h significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the other two groups had no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). The content of MDA at 72 h after operation in controlled group was higher significantly than that in the general anesthesia group and the experimental group (both P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTEAS combined with anesthesia for controlled hypotension can elevate myocardial effect of anti-oxide free radical, reduce the postoperative release of LDH and CK-MB, so as to produce myocardial protection.

Acupuncture Points ; Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Dogs ; Heart ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Hypotension, Controlled ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Myocardium ; cytology ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

OBJECTIVETo investigate the ways testosterone influences the murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) and how testosterone affects the function of BMMs after bound to their membrane surface.

METHODSBMMs were cultured in vitro, their total RNA and proteins isolated, and the expression of intracellular androgen receptor (AR) detected through RT-PCR and Western blotting. The binding site of testosterone (T) to the membrane surface of BMMs was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy after T-BSA-FITC incubation. Moreover, the intracellular Ca2+ was tested by Fura-2 method, and the influence of ionic currents on BMMs plasma membrane induced by testosterone was examined by the whole cell patch-clamp.

RESULTSRT-PCR and Western blotting failed to detect intracellular ARs in BMMs, but confocal laser scanning microscopy showed testosterone to be bound to the membrane surface of BMMs by impermeable T-BSA-FITC, inducing a rapid rise in the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) of Fura-2 loaded BMMs, predominantly due to the influx of extracellular Ca2+ through Ni2+ -blockable Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane. Similarly, the patch-clamp technique revealed T-induced calcium influx in BMMs.

CONCLUSIONIt is reasonable to assume that the testosterone receptor exists on the plasma membranes, and testosterone act through unconventional plasma membrane receptors, induce Ca2+ influx and a rapid rise in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and influence the function of BMMs.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium Channels ; physiology ; Cell Membrane ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Macrophages ; cytology ; metabolism ; physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Androgen ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Testosterone ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo provide methods and alert thresholds which are scientific, sensitive, specific and practical for Early Warning System in Public Health Surveillance.

METHODSAlert data was based on historical infectious diseases reports. Control chart was used to detect outbreaks or epidemics. An epidemic was defined by consulting Specialists. After calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and describing receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC), the optimal model and thresholds were chosen.

RESULTSAt 80 percentile, the sensitivities and the specificities of epidemic haemorragia fever, hepatitis A, dysentery, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis and malaria were over 90%, and there was a high efficacy of early warning. At 90 percentile, the sensitivities and the specificities of tuberculosis and measles were over 85%, and there was a high efficacy of early warning also.

CONCLUSIONControl chart based on five years was chose as a essential method in early warning system. The alert threshold for epidemic haemorragia fever, hepatitis A, dysentery, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis and malaria was 80 percentile. The alert threshold for tuberculosis and measles was 90 percentile.

China ; epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases ; epidemiology ; Databases, Factual ; Disease Notification ; Dysentery, Bacillary ; epidemiology ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; Female ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis A ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Meningitis, Meningococcal ; epidemiology ; Population Surveillance