STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Glass fiber post is one of recent developments to accommodate esthetic restoration for endodontically treated teeth. This has many advantages over conventional post system in physical properties, esthetic factor, risk of root and restoration fracture, adhesion to core, radiopacity, removal and retrievabilty, biocompatibility and chemical stability. PURPOSE: This in vitro study was to evaluate the most suitable type of resin core for the glass fiber post through surveying the fracture modes and the maximum load that fractures the tooth. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 50 sound maxillary premolars restored with glass fiber posts(ParaPost(R) Fiber White) and different types of resin cores(ParaCore, Z100(TM), Rebilda(R) and Admira(R)) were prepared and loaded to faiure in a universal test machine. The maximum fracture load and fracture mode were investigated in the specimens that were restored with resin and those of metal cast and core. With the data, Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to validate the significance between the test groups, and Tukey's studentized range test was used to check if there is any significant statistical difference between each test group. Every analysis was approved with 95% reliance. RESULTS: On measuring the maximum fracture load of teeth specimens, there was a significant difference between the maximum fracture loads of the tooth specimens. ParaCore showed the highest mean maximum fracture load followed by Z100(TM). And, the distribution of fracture mode of tooth specimens showed generally Type D, the three parted fracture of the core around the post was mostly seen(62.5%), and specifically, ParaCore showed 90% and Z100(TM) showed 100% Type D fracture. CONCLUSION. Referring to the values of maximum fracture load and mean compressive fracture load, ParaCore and Z100(TM) had high values and are recommended as tooth colored resin core material for glass fiber post. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: This study was carried out intending to be of aid in selecting the appropriate resin core for the glass fiber post. The dual cure type composite resin ParaCore and light cure type composite resin Z100(TM) have good properties and are recommended as tooth colored resin core material for glass fiber post.
Bicuspid ; Glass* ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Tooth

Cognitive deficit is frequently observed in patients with schizophrenia. It is significantly associated with functional outcome. In the past 20 years, due to significant advances on the concept of schizophrenia, cognitive deficit has been accepted as a core feature. In the DSM-5, cognitive deficit does not introduce diagnostic criteria of schizophrenia, but did one dimension of diagnosis of psychosis. Existing schizophrenia drugs are effective in treatment of positive symptoms of schizophrenia, but lack of effectiveness on improving cognitive function. Led by NIMH (National Institute of Mental Health), the MATRICS (Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia) meeting was conducted in order to achieve consensus on measuring tools and neuropharmacological targets for clinical trials for development of new drugs for improvement of cognitive function in schizophrenia. At the MATRICS consensus meeting, glutamatergic modulators and nicotinic and muscarinic agonists are expected to be promising, but should be proven by a double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study for patients.
Cognition ; Consensus ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Muscarinic Agonists ; National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.) ; Psychotic Disorders ; Schizophrenia*

No abstract available.
Leukemia, Eosinophilic, Acute* ; Trisomy*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Though the surgical intervention of subclavian artery stenosis has been effective, its high morbidity and mortality have limited its clinical application. In 1980 percutaneous balloon angioplasty of stenotic artery was introduced as a substitute for surgical intervention and subsequent reports have supported its efficacy noting that it is more effective when combined with stent. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of percutaneous intervention as an alternative or primary therapy for symptomatic subclavian artery stenosis. METHODS: Between September 1993 and October 1998, 17 lesions in 16 patients of symptomatic subclavian artery stenosis were enrolled as candidates for nonsurgical intervention. We performed percutaneous balloon angioplasty with stenting to the subclavian artery stenosis and evaluated the early results. RESULTS: 1)The patients had a mean age of 55+/-14 years and 13 of 16 patients were male. 2)Subclavian artery stenting was successful in 94% (16/17) of the lesion without significant complications. The cause of failure was suboptimal result after deployment of stent. 3)The types of stents deployed were Strecker stents in 4, Palmaz stents in 8, Wall stents in 3 and Jo stents in 2 cases. 4)The peak and mean pressure gradient reduced from 58.5+/-17.0 to 8.5+/-7.4 and 31.4+/-13.0 to 4.7+/-5.5 mmHg respectively (p<0.01) and the degree of luminal stenosis decreased from 92.5+/-8.5% to 10.0+/-14.3%. (p<0.01) CONCLUSION: Subclavian artery stenosis can be managed safely and effectively through percutaneous balloon angioplasty with stenting, with an excellent technical success rate and less morbidity and mortality particularly in patients coexisting other vascular and systemic diseases. However, the long-term patency and clinical effects should be warranted.
Angioplasty, Balloon ; Arteries ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Male ; Mortality ; Phenobarbital ; Stents* ; Subclavian Artery* ; Subclavian Steal Syndrome

There is much controversy concerning the method of treatment on the tibial fracture because of frequent complications, such as non-union, delayed union and infection. Authors reviewed and analyzed 110 tibial fractures which had been treated at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sung Ae General Hospital from June 1983 to March 1987 by the groups, conservative treatment, open reduction and internal fixation with compression plate and closed flexible intramedullary nailing. The results were as follows :1. In regard to the fracture location, there was no difference in the healing time among the treatment methods. The I.M. nailing group healed 1.5 weeks earlier than other groups in each location. 2. In minor and moderate severity by Ellis, the I.M. nailing group revealed better result, and in major one, the compression plate group showed better result. More complications occured in major severity. 3. Union time among the trestment methods was not affected by the fibular fractures, but most of the complications occured in the concomitant fibular fracture case. 4. In open fracture, the healing time showed no difference among the groups, and was prolonged about 2 weeks than closed fracture. In closed case, the I.M. nailing group showed good result. 5. The cases, which were reduced earlier in the conservative group, and treated within 3 days in the I.M. nailing group revesled better result. 6. The radiological union time from the definite treatment was 15.80 weeks in the conservative treatment group, 15.18 weeks in the compression plate group and 13.92 weeks in the I.M. nailing group.
Clinical Study ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fractures, Closed ; Fractures, Open ; Hospitals, General ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Tibia ; Tibial Fractures

Congenital dislocation of the knee is very rare deformity and presents with anterior displacement of the tibia in relation to the femur. Early gentle manipulation and serial splintage or plaster cast is recommended for treatment and successful in the majority except the case of quadriceps contracture or late correction. We experienced two cases of bilateral congenital dislocation of the knee who had been treated with early gentle manipularion, immobilization with serial corrective dual splint, passive stretching and night splint. Our results are good in both cases.
Casts, Surgical ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Contracture ; Dislocations ; Femur ; Immobilization ; Knee ; Muscle Stretching Exercises ; Splints ; Tibia

Adenosquamous carcinoma in the duodenum is extremely rare disease entity and only 6 cases were reported all over the world so far. Recently we encountered a 62 year-old female patient with duodenal adenosquamous carcinoma. The patient subsequently underwent Whipple's operation. Histopathologic examination revealed two pathologic components composed of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The metastatic foci of lymph nodes were composed of pure squamous cell carcinoma. For differential diagnosis, we performed several special stains including high molecular weight cytokeratin(HMWCK), low molecular weight cytokeratin(LMWCK), carcinoembryogenic antigen( CEA), mucicarmine, periodic acid-Schiff(PAS). Immunohistochemical stains demonstrated LMWCK, CEA, mucicarmine positivity for glandular component and HMWCK for squamous component. Weak positivity for squamous component was observed with PAS stain. The pathogenesis of adenosquamous carcinoma is controversial issue and not resolved yet, so we discussed the histogenesis of adenosquamous carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Coloring Agents ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Duodenum ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Weight ; Rare Diseases

BACKGROUND: Fluoroquinolones are considered important substitutes for the treatment of tuberculosis. This study investigates the current status of fluoroquinolone for the treatment of tuberculosis. METHODS: In 2009, a retrospective analysis was performed at one tertiary referral center for 953 patients diagnosed with tuberculosis. RESULTS: A total of 226 patients (23.6%), who received fluoroquinolone at any time during treatment for tuberculosis, were enrolled in this study. The most common reasons for fluoroquinolone use were adverse events due to other anti-tuberculosis drugs (52.7%), drug resistance (23.5%), and underlying diseases (16.8%). Moxifloxacin (54.0%, 122/226) was the most commonly administered fluoroquinolone, followed by levofloxacin (36.3%, 82/226) and ofloxacin (9.7%, 22/226). The frequency of total adverse events from fluoroquinolone-containing anti-tuberculosis medication was 22.6%, whereas fluoroquinolone-related adverse events were estimated to be 2.2% (5/226). The most common fluoroquinolone-related adverse events were gastrointestinal problems (3.5%, 8/226). There were no significant differences in the treatment success rate between the fluoroquinolone and fluoroquinolone-naïve groups (78.3% vs. 78.4%, respectively). CONCLUSION: At our institution, fluoroquinolones are commonly used for the treatment of both multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and susceptible tuberculosis, especially as a substitute for adverse event-related drugs. Considering the low adverse event rates and the comparable treatment success rates, fluoroquinolones seem to be an invaluable drug for the treatment of tuberculosis.
Drug Resistance ; Fluoroquinolones ; Humans ; Korea* ; Levofloxacin ; Ofloxacin ; Retrospective Studies ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Tertiary Healthcare* ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant

OBJECTIVES: To estimate false-negative rate of cervical smears using Autopap 300 QC system in rescreening modality. METHODS: From September 1997 to December 1997, Total 26,983 cervical smears were obtained and 18,592 cervical smears were rescreened by Autopap 300 QC system with 10% review rate. The 274 cases of total 26,983 cervieal smears were confirmed histologically by colposcopic biopsy, cone biopsy and hysterectomy. The 274 cases of cervical smears, which obtained prior to pathologic diagnosis made, were evaluated based on cyto-histologic correlation and then the false negative rate were estimated. The cervical smears were reviewed, researching for the cause of false negative. RESULTS: (1) Histologic diagnosis of 274 cases include 65 cases of Low SIL, 173 cases of High SIL, 29 cases of SCC, 2 cases of adenocarcinoma in situ, and 5 cases of invasive adenocarcinoma. (2) The false negative rate were 3% (9/274). Those were 6.2%(4/65) of LSIL, 2.3% (4/173) Of HSIL, none of SCC and AIS, and 20%(5/1) of invasive adenocarcinoma. (3) The false negative cases were reviewed. The 6 cases were sampling enor and 3 cases were screening error. CONCLUSION: Using AutoPap 300 QC system in rescreening modality, The false negative rate of cervical smears were decreased, compared with our previous study.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Hysterectomy ; Mass Screening ; Vaginal Smears

With the technical development of ultrasonically guided punture of the gallbladder, percutaneous transhepatic cholecystoscopy(PTCCS) was first performed in 1981 by Inui et al. and Ichikawa et al. This procedure useful for preoperative, accurate diagnosis of carcinoma and nonsurgical treatment of high-risk patients with gallbladder stones. PTCCS-lithotripsy(PTCCS-L) is one of the non-surgical treatment modalities for gallbladder stones, and is a safe, reliable and technically easy therapeutic procedure through improvement in PTCCS-L manipulation and the development of new devices for this technique. PTCCS-L is performed when the patients with gallbladder stones cannot be operated on because of the risk of complications, such as renal failure, congestive heart failure etc. In this report, we present the proeedures of PTCCS-L for the the nonoperative treatment of gallbladder stones in the patient with cholangitis and cholecystitis because of common bile duct stone and gallbladder stones. Since a sinus tract of about 5 mm in diameter was needed to pass an endoscope, the sinus tract of percutaneous cholecystostomy was dilated immediately upto 18 French in diameter in a single step following percutaneous cholecystostomy itself, using a dilator set containing 10, 14, 16 and 18 French dilators and 18 French sheath. And then PTCCS-L with electrohydraulic lithotripter was successfully performed with a complete removal of gallbladder stones. There- after endoscopic sphincterotomy and mechanical lithotripsy was successfully done for the removal of common bile duct stone. There has been no recurrence of gall stones for up to 1 year.
Cholangitis ; Cholecystitis ; Cholecystostomy ; Common Bile Duct ; Diagnosis ; Endoscopes ; Gallbladder* ; Gallstones ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Lithotripsy ; Recurrence ; Renal Insufficiency ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic