PURPOSE: In adriamycin(ADR)-induced cardiomyopathy, several different mechanisms are suggested. However, little information is available regarding the role of apoptosis. In the present study, we examined the induction of apoptosis on ADR treatment and anti-apoptotic effects of probucol, a lipid-lowering drug, and we also studied the changes of bcl-2 expression in order to see the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of probucol. METHODS: Cardiac myocytes were isolated from 3-day-old rats, and cultured in low(1 pM) or high doses(10pM) of ADR for 24 hours. Probucol(50 pM) was added 30 minutes before ADR administration. Apoptosis was determined by TUNEL staining, and bcl-2 expression was estimated by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: The number of TUNEL-positive cells significantly increased in both groups treated with ADR. However, anti-apoptotic effect of probucol was evident only in low dose. In addition, the expression of bcl-2 was significantly increased only in the low-dose ADR treatment group and its expression was inhibited by pretreatment of probucol. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that apoptosis might play an important role in ADR-induced cardiotoxicity, and ADR-induced apoptosis was partially prevented by pretreatment of probucol. And ADR-induced apoptosis was not related with depression of bcl-2. Additionally, inhibition of bcl-2 gene expression of low-dose ADR treatment group by probucol suggests that another cell survival mechanism could be implicated in the action of probucol. (J Korean Pediatr Soc 2000;43:746-754)
Animals ; Apoptosis* ; Cardiomyopathies ; Cell Survival ; Depression ; Doxorubicin ; Genes, bcl-2 ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Myocytes, Cardiac* ; Probucol* ; Rats*

BACKGROUND: The size of the baseplate used in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) tends to be larger than the average size of the glenoid in the Korean population. The mismatch between the sizes of the baseplate and the patient's glenoid may result in improper fixation of the glenoid baseplate. This in turn may lead to the premature loosening of the glenoid component. Thus, we evaluated the short-term results of using a 25-mm baseplate in RTSA. METHODS: Seventeen patients with cuff tear arthropathy underwent RTSA with a 25-mm baseplate. The mean age of the patients was 70.1 years, and the mean follow-up period was 14.0 months. We evaluated clinical outcomes preoperatively and postoperatively: the range of shoulder motion, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and the Korean Shoulder Society (KSS) score. RESULTS: We found that the mean ASES score and KSS improved from 35.0 to 74.4 (p<0.001) and from 46.9 to 71.8 (p<0.001) with RTSA. The mean forward elevation and abduction, external rotation also improved from 78.6degrees to 134.3degrees (p<0.05) and from 66.6degrees to 125.0degrees (p<0.05), from 20.2degrees to 28.4degrees (p=0.43). Postoperative complications were seen in 12% of patients, but neither the loosening of the glenoid baseplate nor inferior scapular notching were observed. CONCLUSION: In sum, the results of using a 25-mm baseplate in RTSA were similar to those of previous reports. Even though the outcomes are those of a short-term follow-up, neither the loosening of the glenoid baseplate nor the scapular notching were observed.
Arthroplasty* ; Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; Shoulder* ; Tears

This case report draws attention to the possibility of symptomatic and asymptomatic intraarticular ganglion cyst which was situated adjacent to the insertion sites of the anterior or posterior cruciate ligament. In many reports and our case, MR imaging is recommended as the modality of choice in diagnosing method and the cyst, if encountered, is successfully treated with arthroscopie technique. We report one case of symptematic ganglion cyst of the posterior cruciate ligament with review of literatures.
Ganglion Cysts* ; Knee ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament*

Cognitive deficit is frequently observed in patients with schizophrenia. It is significantly associated with functional outcome. In the past 20 years, due to significant advances on the concept of schizophrenia, cognitive deficit has been accepted as a core feature. In the DSM-5, cognitive deficit does not introduce diagnostic criteria of schizophrenia, but did one dimension of diagnosis of psychosis. Existing schizophrenia drugs are effective in treatment of positive symptoms of schizophrenia, but lack of effectiveness on improving cognitive function. Led by NIMH (National Institute of Mental Health), the MATRICS (Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia) meeting was conducted in order to achieve consensus on measuring tools and neuropharmacological targets for clinical trials for development of new drugs for improvement of cognitive function in schizophrenia. At the MATRICS consensus meeting, glutamatergic modulators and nicotinic and muscarinic agonists are expected to be promising, but should be proven by a double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study for patients.
Cognition ; Consensus ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Muscarinic Agonists ; National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.) ; Psychotic Disorders ; Schizophrenia*

No abstract available.
Muscular Dystrophies*

PURPOSE: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is the most widely used tumor marker for detecting colorectal cancer. This study was designed to evaluate the level of serum CEA that is associated with recurrence after potentially curative surgery for colorectal cancer. METHODS: We retrospectively investigated the pre- and post-operative levels of serum CEA in 246 patients with colorectal cancer and they had undergone potentially curative surgery from 1996 through 2005. RESULTS: The pre-operative CEA level was significantly associated with the number of metastatic lymph nodes, the tumor size and the recurrence rate. The feature that was associated with recurrent disease on multivariate analysis was the pre-operative level of serum CEA. CONCLUSION: In order to detect the recurrence of colorectal cancer, we should closely follow up with frequent checks of the CEA level after surgery for those patients who had a high preoperative CEA level.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Multivariate Analysis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Leukemia, Eosinophilic, Acute* ; Trisomy*

Minoxidil is a potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator indicated in the management of severe or refractory hypertension. Well-known adverse effects include reflex tachycardia, fluid retention and hypertrichosis. This drug has also been reported to cause pericardial effusion in about three percent of nondialyzed patients with compromised renal function and to cause cardiac tamponade less frequently. Many studies have reported that the mean duration of therapy that caused pericardial effusion was about 8 months (range 1 month-53 months). We report a case of cardiac tamponade in nondialyzed patient with chronic renal failure receiving minoxidil for 10 years. A 58-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with dyspnea of NYHA III. She was a chronic renal failure patient without dialysis treatment and received kidney transplantation from cadaver donor and was dignosed chronic rejection in 1994. Minoxidil 10mg has been used for past 10 years. Lasix has been used for past 2 years, with dosage of 40mg to 240mg. On admission, blood pressure was 90/60mm Hg. Cardiomegaly was seen on chest radiograph. The two-dimensional echocardiogram showed a large amount of pericardial effusion. Emergency treatment with pericardiocentesis removed 2500ml of straw- colored pericardial fluid and resulted in marked improvement of dyspnea and stabilized blood pressure. The minoxidil was discontinued. The evidence of pericardial effusion was not seen for 12 months after minoxidil had been discontinued.
Blood Pressure ; Cadaver ; Cardiac Tamponade* ; Cardiomegaly ; Dialysis ; Dyspnea ; Emergency Treatment ; Female ; Furosemide ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertrichosis ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Kidney Transplantation ; Middle Aged ; Minoxidil* ; Pericardial Effusion ; Pericardiocentesis ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Reflex ; Tachycardia ; Tissue Donors

Glutathione S-Tanaferase (GST) is tripeptide, which plays a central role in the detoxification of electrophilic xenobioticas, including cytotoxic drugs and carcinogens, by conjugation with redueed glutathione. There are four major claases af human GST : pi, alpha, mu and rnicrosomal, They are propoaed as a marker for human and experimental neoplasia iincluding liver, kidney, lung,colon, uterine cervix, etc. Expression of pi, alphn, mu form of GST in control (15 cases), CIN (14 cases), invasive carcinoma (28 cases) of human uterine cervix was investigated immunohistochemically. They were selected fram September, 1992, to,June, 1992, in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei university College of medicine. In nucleus, the expresaion of GST pi was increased statistically significant in case of CIN and invasive Ca. of Cx. compared to control(p=0.018, p=0.002). But expression of GST alpha, mu has no significant difference in each case. In cytoplasms, the expvession of GST pi was increased statistically significani, in case of CIN and invasive Ca. of Cx. (p=0.001, p<0.001). But expreasion of GST alpha, mu has no significant differenrce in each case. There was no statistically significant diHerence in expression of GST isoenzymes oC each nucleua and cytoplasm according to stage and cell type in Ca. oC Cx. The further evaluation of survival and expression of GST pi in Ca. of Cx. in order to establish new prognostic factor in Ca. of Cx.
Carcinogens ; Cervix Uteri* ; Cytoplasm ; Female ; Glutathione Transferase* ; Glutathione* ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Isoenzymes* ; Kidney ; Liver ; Obstetrics

This study was aimed to elucidate the effect of intracerebroventricular losartan administration on arterial pressure regulation during hemorrhage in rats by power spectral analysis of blood pressure and heart rate variability. Nineteen male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 240-300g were divided into losartan-administered(n=10) and control(n=9) groups. Hemorrhage was induced with a withdrawal pump from the femoral artery at 3ml/kg/min for 5min. Arterial presure was measured with a pressure transducer connected to the contralateral femoral artery for 5min before, during and after hemorrhage. The blood pressure signal digitized at 500 Hz through a data acquisition system was analyzed with fast Fourier transform algorithm to yield power spectra of systolic(SP) and diastolic(DP) blood pressure and instantaneous heart rate(HR). Powers of very low frequency (VLF, 0.02-0.26 Hz), low frequency(LF, 0.26-0.75 Hz) and high frequency(HF, 0.75-5.00 Hz) band were obtained. Basal systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 149+/-9 and 99+/-2mmHg, respectively, and was not changed by hemorrhage in control rats. Basal blood pressure in losartan group was 143+/-9 and 97+/-6mmHg and was significantly lowered to 116+/-13 and 77+/-9mmHg, respectively. HR was significantly increased during and after hemorrhage in both groups. Total power of SP variability in losartan group was 13.9+/-3.2mmHg2 before hemorrhage and was significantly increased to 66.6+/-25.3mmHg2 during hemorrhage. VLF, LF and HF powers of SP variability were 7.3+/-2.0, 3.8+/-1.1 and 2.8+/-0.7mmHg2, respectively, in losartan group and 5.5+/-1.4, 3.7+/-1.5 and 2.8+/-0.8mmHg2 in control rats. VLF and HF powers of SP were increased to 33.0+/-15.2 and 20.3+/-6.4mmHg2 in losartan group, and VLF power was increased to 7.9+/-1.5mmHg2 in control group. VLF power of DP variability increased from 3.3+/-0.9 before hemorrhage to 5.9+/-1.0mmHg2 during hemorrhage in control group. Powers of DP variability in losartan group and those of HR variability in both groups were not changed by hemorrhage. The above results suggested that losartan aggravated the arterial pressure fall during hemorrhage by impairing the sympathetic nerve activation by central angiotensin II.
Angiotensin II ; Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure* ; Femoral Artery ; Fourier Analysis ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Lateral Ventricles* ; Losartan* ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transducers, Pressure