PURPOSE: To analyze the significance of interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration and Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) from tracheal aspirates (TA) taken immediately after birth in the development of chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD), and to analyze the risk factors for CLD according to the preceding illnesses. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was done in 75 inborn preterm infants admitted to a university hospital NICU and intubated at birth for the respiratory care. TA was taken to measure IL-6 by ELISA and to perform UU PCR. The patients were grouped into four, according to the history of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and chorioamnionitis (CA). RESULTS: PCR positive rate of UU was 25.3%. Positive PCR was significantly frequent in the patients with CLD or CA. IL-6 in TA was significantly higher with CLD, CA, or positive PCR. Risk factors for CLD were increased IL-6, positive UU PCR, and PDA in all patients. The risk factors for CLD were PDA in RDS(+)CA(-) group [OR 2.11; 95% CI 1.15-3.89]; PDA [OR 12.0; 95% CI 2.50-57.67] and IL-6 (>284.7 pg/mL) [OR 3.75; 95% CI 1.01-13.90] in RDS(+)CA(+) group; and IL-6 (>284.7 pg/mL) [OR 8.25; 95% CI 1.54-44.14] in RDS(-)CA(+) group. CONCLUSION: PDA was a risk factor for CLD following RDS and increased IL-6 for CLD following CA. Inflammatory response of fetal lung, measured by IL-6 and UU PCR in TA at birth in preterm infants, was associated with CA and might be a risk factor for the development of CLD.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Chorioamnionitis ; Cohort Studies ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Interleukin-6* ; Lung Diseases* ; Lung* ; Parturition* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Ureaplasma urealyticum* ; Ureaplasma*

PURPOSES: We experienced a case of infected cephalhematoma drained spontaneously. So we wanted to review the most appropriate method for investigating cephalhematomas for possible infection and to clarify the indications for the diagnostic aspiration. METHODS: MEDLINE searches were conducted for the period from 1972 to 1997, and all reports were obtained. 15 articles reporting 18 infected cephalhematomas were identified in the literature. We analyzed the medical records in patients according to age: sex ; associated infections especially sepsis or osteomyelitis, risk factors such as scalp electrode or vacuum use, local signs such as increase in size, fluctuation, local redness: organisrns: and radiographic findings. RESULTS: Escherichia coli was isolated from over 50% of the cephalhematomas that were aspirated. Most patients presented with sepsis, meningitis, and/or osteomyelitis. Plain radiographs, bone scans, and enhanced CT scans were limited in their ability to determine if a cephalhematoma was infected unless associated osteomyelitis existed. Local signs of scalp infection, such as increase in size, fluctuation, local redness were obvious in almost all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Aspiration is the diagnostic procedure of choice for cephalhematomas suspected of being infected. The indications for aspiration were increase in size, development of erythema, development of fluctuation, relapse of systemic infection, or a delay in the resolution of clinical symptoms of infection.
Diagnosis ; Electrodes ; Erythema ; Escherichia coli ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Medical Records ; Meningitis ; Osteomyelitis ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Scalp ; Sepsis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vacuum

Many premature infants require mechanical ventilatory support and oxygen supply. Because they have immature lungs, these ventilator supports contribute to the development of ventilator induced lung injury, which causes the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in large portion. Recent meta-analysis reported that the volume-targeted ventilation reduced the development of BPD and death. Non-invasive ventilator support also can reduce the adverse effects associated with intubation and mechanical ventilatory support. The technological advancements, including microprocessors, enhance the development of new devices with new modes of ventilatory support. A lot of limits and demerits of conventional ventilatory support obviously inspired the thoughts of new modes of ventilatory support. In this article, new modes of ventilatory support for neonates, as well as conventional modes, are introduced in the hope of adopting strategies with evidences efficiently.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Intubation ; Lung ; Microcomputers ; Oxygen ; Tidal Volume ; Ventilation ; Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury ; Ventilators, Mechanical

No abstract available.
Meconium*

Graphic monitoring assists the clinician at the bedside in several ways. It can be helpful in fine-tuning or adjusting ventilator parameters. Graphic monitoring may help to determine the patient's response to pharmacologic agents. The clinician also has the ability to trend monitored events over a prolonged period of time. The neonatal patient's self respiration, synchrony to ventilator and respiratory efforts can be well recognized with graphic monitoring. Of all, it may enable detection of complications before they become clinically apparent. This article introduces the basics of real-time graphics.
Computer Graphics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Respiration ; Respiration, Artificial ; Ventilators, Mechanical

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different types of orthodontic force on the root resorption and repair in rat molar. 77 rats were divided into three groups; The control group was not equiped with orthodontic appliance between ncisor and first molar. The experimental group was subdivided into closed coil spring subgroup and elastic chain subgroup by the application methods of orthodontic force. Initial orthodontic force between incisor and first molar was 100g. Experimental period was 8 weeks; for 4 weeks the appliance was acting and for another 4 weeks, removed. Root resorption and repair in the root of first molar was examined by light microscope for histologic changes and by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy(ICP) for quantitative changes. The results were as follows: 1. In the closed coil spring subgroup odontoclasts and root resorption were appeared one week earlier. 2. One week after orthodontic force was eliminated the repair response in the resorptive lacuna was seen in both subgroups. Delayed resorption was seen on the periphery of resorptive lacunae whereas reparative response was seen in the center of lacunae. A new resorption was seen one week after orthodontic force was eliminated. Root contour was partially restored by repairing of resorbed root. 3. The weight ratios of calcium and phosphorous to the sample were decreased during resorptive process but increased during repair process in both the orthodontic groups, but not more than the control group. 4. By different types of orthodontic force (closed coil spring or elastic chain) resorption process was affected but repair process was not.
Animals ; Calcium ; Incisor ; Molar* ; Orthodontic Appliances ; Osteoclasts ; Plasma ; Rats* ; Root Resorption*

This study was designed to examine the dental asymmetry in person with facial asymmetry and to examine the relationship between the degree of mandibular deviation and asymmetry of maxillary dental arch. The samples were divided to asymmetry group and normal group. The asymmetry group consisted of 21 subjects(6 males and 15 females) and their mean age was 23.5 years. The normal group consisted of 20 subjects(10 males and 10 females) and their mean age was 18.6 Years. Anteroposterior, transverse position of all maxillary teeth except 3rd molars, vertical position of maxillary Ist molars, and angulation of central incisors were measured. The anterivposterior and transverse positions of teeth were measured on the maxillary dental casts, the vertical position of maxillary 1st molars and angulation of maxillary incisors were measured on posteroanterior cephalometiic radiographs. The data were analyzed to examine whether significant asymmetries existed in each of the asymmetry and normal groups. The results of this study were as follows : 1. In the asymmetry group, the correlation between the degree of mandibular deviation and that of 3-dimensional dental asymmetry was not so high. 2. In the asymmetry group, the teeth in deviated side were more laterally positioned than that of undeviated side. There were differences in the anteroposterior position of maxillary 1st and 2nd molars and the angulation of maxillary central incisors. 3. In the asymmetry group, the transverse asymmetry was larger in the posterior teeth rather than in the anterior teeth and larger than the anteroposterior asymmetry.
Dental Arch* ; Facial Asymmetry ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Molar ; Tooth

This study was performed to evaluate clinical practicality of the rebonding method with flowable resin without the removal of the residual resin on the debonded teeth and debonded bracket base after debonding. The samples of the control group (group I) were rebonded with Transbond XT(R) using the usual rebonding method after the residual resin was removed. At experimental group, the brackets were rebonded with Transbond XT(R) (group II) and CharmFil Flow(R) (group III) without removal of residual resin which is the possibility becoming the index for rebonding to similar position with initial bonding. The shear bond strength of the each group was measured. Patterns of bonding failure were evaluated with modified ARI score, and the shear bond strength according to patterns of bonding failure at experimental group was compared. Between the control group (6.51 +/- 1.21 MPa) and the group II rebonded with Transbond XT(R) (6.30 +/- 1.01 MPa) did not have significantly difference in the shear bond strength (p = 0.534), and the shear bond strength of group II was significantly lower than the group III rebonded with CharmFil Flow(R) (7.29 +/- 1.54 MPa) (p = 0.009). At control group, there was not large difference in distribution of bonding failure pattern. But at experimental group, bond failure did not occur in interface between the resin-enamel. and bond failure between the resin-bracket, within the resin was distributed similarly. There was not significantly difference in the shear bond strength according to patterns of bonding failure at experimental group (p > 0.05). The result of this study showed that the method suggested in this study and flowable resin as rebonding adhesive could be useful in clinically.
Adhesives ; Orthodontic Brackets* ; Tooth

No abstract available.
Neuroblastoma* ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma*

No abstract available.
Female ; Fetomaternal Transfusion* ; Pregnancy