Copper fragment was introduced into the vitreous body of fourteen albino rabbits through the scleral incision at equatorial region. Both photopic and scotopic ERGs were recorded for 30 days thereafter stimulated by the electronic photoflash of 2 msec duration.The changes in scotopic b-potential were roughly classified into 3 types. The first type (5 eyes) showed acute, severe reduction, extinguishing from 6 to 24 days. The second type (3 eyes) was characterized by the absence of any remarakble changes during the whole observation period, the final b'potential being 82,4% of the original value. In the third type (6 eyes), the b-potential decreased gradually and 24.3% of the pre' operative value was attained after 30 days. The latent time and the implicit time of the b-potential increased proportionally to the reduction of the b-wave. The scotopic a-wave behaved parallel to the b-wave, and in later stage, negative (-) type of ERGs were frequently encountered. The photopic a- and b-waves changed in the similar way as the scotopic a- and b-waves, respectively. The slitlamp biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy revealed the fibrous tissue proliferation around the copper fragment in relatively early stage. When the proliferation progressed and extended into the vitreous body, ERG showed reduction in b-potential, and sometimes increase in b-potential was noted In cases in which connective tissue encapsulated the copper and did not extend into the vitreous body, ERG changes were much milder and slower. In histological sesctions performed 2 weeks and 3 weeks after the insertion of copper fragment, the degeneration of the retina began both in the visual cell layer and ganglion cell layer almost simultaneously. When the ERG was extinguished, the retinal tissue showed complete destruction.
Connective Tissue ; Copper* ; Ganglion Cysts ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Rabbits ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde ; Vitreous Body

A clinical review was done on 343 infants and children diagnosed and operated at the Department of Pediatric Surgery in Keimyung University, Dong San Medical Center for congenital gastrointestinal anomalies from January, 1988 to December, 1991. The results are summarized as follows; The most prevalent age group of congenital gastrointestinal anomaly was within first week after birth, and infants within 3months occupied 70% of total, and male to female ratio was 2:1. 2) The moat common lesion of congenital gastrointestinal anomalies was stomach with 87cases (25.4%), followed by anus with 80 cases (23.3%), colon with 63 cases (18.4%) and biliary tract with 38 cases(11.1%). 3) The most common congenital anomaly was congenital hypertophic pyloric stenosis with 87 cases (25.4%), followed by imperforate anus with 70 cases (20.4%), congenital megacolon with 63 cases (18.4%), and prevalent age was 2 week-3month, first week after birth, 1month-3year. 4) The incidence of common congenital gastrointestinal anomalies were mostly higher in male than in female but choledochal cyst was higher in female than in male. 5) Associated anomalies were observed in 14 cases (4%) of total cases, duodenal atresia was seen the highest rate of the associated anomalies and the most common associated anomaly was annular pancreas, followed by Down syndrome, congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
Anal Canal ; Anus, Imperforate ; Biliary Tract ; Child ; Choledochal Cyst ; Colon ; Down Syndrome ; Female ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic ; Hirschsprung Disease ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Pancreas ; Parturition ; Pyloric Stenosis ; Stomach

No abstract available.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) procedures are more difficult in patients who have undergone partial gastrectomy with Billroth II anastomosis. Because its altered anatomical relationship. the endoscopist is presented with additional problems: (i) Dfficulties in entering the afferent loop, depending on the surgical techiques used. (ii) The endoscope may be too sort to reach the papillary region unless the loops are suecessfully straightened out. (iii) Difficulties in passing the ligament of Treitz, especially in patients with Braun's anastomosis, (iv) Problems in cannulating the papilla and especially the common bile duct from a reversed position. (v) Problems in carrying out a papillotomy in a correct position. We attempted endoscopic sphincterotomy in 3 opatients previously subjected to gastrectomy with needle knife, and succeeded in 2 of them. In the two patients, successful billary drainage was achieved. And one patients with Billroth II gastrectomy, presented with CBD stone and cholangit, was successfully treated with endoscopic stone retriveial. The patient with a Billroth-II operation may unergo endscopic diagnostic as well as therapeutic procedures with a high rate of success, and can be suitable candidates for ERCP and endoscopic sphincterotomy
Cholangiography* ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Common Bile Duct ; Drainage ; Endoscopes ; Gastrectomy* ; Gastroenterostomy* ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Needles ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic

No abstract available.
Child* ; Endoscopy* ; Humans

Until now there are few available epidemiologic data of osteoporosis in Korea, and the severity of osteoporosis-related health problem has not been widely recognized yet. But the numbers of the old people are increasing in Korea, and in 2000, the proportion of people over 65 will be up to about 6.8% of total population. Therefore, osteoporosis, one of the most common metabolic bone disease among the old people, will be one of the most important public health problem. on this background this study was performed to find out risk factors of the development of osteoporosis in Korean women through case-control approach. The subject of this study were selected among the women one general hospital in seoul and were checked bone density from sep. 1988 to sep. 1993. Those who were diagnosed to have hypertension, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, breast disease, or liver disease, which are thought to influence bone density, were excluded. Also excluded those who are age-unknown. Finally the subjects were 2,139 women aged between 18 and 79. We operatively defined patient group as those whose bone density is below 1.03 g/cm2, 90% of average bone density of women of 4th decade who visited the same hospital. And we defined control group as whose bone density is above 1.15g/cm2. we randomly selected 201 women from the patient group and 202 from the control. As independent variables we chose age, menarche age, menopause age, menopause type, the number of siblings, the number of pregnancies, body mass index, taking oral pill or not, feeding type, and educational state. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done to see the influence of these variables on the risk of osteoporosis. Results are as follows; 1. menopausal status was statistically significant risk factor to all women irrespective of her age, while obesity and later menopause age were food to be statistically significant protective factors. 2. The more siblings and pregnancies, the greater the risk of osteoporosis, but these factors were not statistically significant. This result is not consistent with other studies. Further studies are strongly needed.
Body Mass Index ; Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Breast Diseases ; Case-Control Studies* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Hospitals, General* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Korea ; Liver Diseases ; Logistic Models ; Menarche ; Menopause ; Obesity ; Osteoporosis* ; Outpatients* ; Pregnancy ; Public Health ; Risk Factors* ; Seoul* ; Siblings ; Thyroid Diseases

BACKGROUND: To find out characteristics and classification of toxic agents by clinical analysis of pediatric poisoning and to determine the clinical availability of grading by using MSPC score. METHOD: Subjects were patients under 15 years exposed to toxic agents, who visited Ajou university hospital emergency center from June, 1994 to October, 1997. The study was performed retrospectively. RESULTS: The subjects were 126 cases and male to female sex ratio was 1.2:1. Mean age was 29+/-30 months old. The most common route of exposure was ingestion, following contact, inhalation and bite. The most common reason was mistake by the patient, following mistake by caregiver, suicide attempt and accident. The MSPC score distribution of symptomatic patient was as follows; 1 point: 26 cases(63.4%), 2 point: 12 cases(29.2%), 3 point: 1 case(2.4%), 4 point: 2 cases(4.8%). The classification of exposed poison was as follows; therapeutic drugs: 29 cases(23.0%), non-therapeutic drugs: 97 cases(73.0%). The most common exposed poison was household products: 23 patients(18.3%) were admitted to hospital. CONCLUSION: There was statistically significant difference in the classification of poison, MSPC score, treatment modality at hospital, first follow up period after discharge between admitted group and non-admitted group. There was statistically significant difference in the reason of exposure, route of exposure, MSPC score, admission period according to patient's age. severity grading according to MSPC score is regarded as an available method to determine the modality of management.
Caregivers ; Classification ; Eating ; Emergencies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Household Products ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Male ; Poisoning* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Ratio ; Suicide

No abstract available.
Depression*

PURPOSE: A wide variety of surgical materials have been used for blepharoptosis such as catgut, silicone, 4-0 nylon polyfilament cable-type ophthalmic suture (Supramid(R)), autogenous tendon (palmaris longus),banked sclera, dura mater, fascia lata, and temporalis fascia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of frontalis suspensory surgery with temporalis fascia. METHODS: The authors studied 91 frontalis slings (71 patients) performed from 1993 to 1999 at our hospital for repair of blepharoptosis. Results with temporalis fascia (group A) as the suspensory material were compared to those with autogenous (group B) and preserved (group C) fascia lata. RESULTS: The success rates of group A (31 lids 21 patients), group B (28 lids 24 patients), group C (32lids 26 patients) were 80.6%, 75%, 78.1% respectively. But there was no statistically significant difference in each groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that temporalis fascia for frontalis sling could be used as suspensory material successfully. Moreover, long term and further evaluations must be considered.
Blepharoptosis ; Catgut ; Dura Mater ; Fascia Lata ; Fascia* ; Nylons ; Sclera ; Silicones ; Sutures ; Tendons

The effects of subconjunctivally injected normal saline and hypertonic saline solution on the choroidal blood flow in albino rabbits were investigated. By the injection of 0.9% saline solution, no significant changes in the choroidal blood flow took place. Subconjunctival injection of 3% saline solution produced increase in the blood flow which continued for 30 minutes. The average increase was 22%. Hot dry compress by infra-red lamp for 10 minutes increased also the blood flow by 41 % which lasted for 20 minutes after cessation of hot compress.
Choroid ; Rabbits ; Saline Solution, Hypertonic* ; Sodium Chloride