Many of early findings regarding intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and their niche in the human intestine have relied on colorectal cancer cell lines and labor-intensive and time-consuming mouse models. However, these models cannot accurately recapitulate the physiologically relevant aspects of human ISCs. In this study, we demonstrate a reliable and robust culture method for 3D expanding intestinal spheroids (InSexp ) mainly comprising ISCs and progenitors, which can be derived from 3D human intestinal organoids (HIOs). We did functional chararcterization of InSexp derived from 3D HIOs, differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells, and optimization culture methods. Our results indicate that InSexp can be rapidly expanded and easily passaged, and show enhanced growth rates via WNT pathway activation. InSexp are capable of exponential cell expansion and cryopreservation. Furthermore, in vitro-matured HIO-derived InSexp proliferate faster than immature HIO-derived InSexp with preservation of the parental HIO characteristics. These findings may facilitate the development of scalable culture systems for the long-term maintenance of human ISCs and provide an alternative platform for studying ISC biology.

No abstract available.
Hematoma*

Autogenous costal cartilage graft has been commonly used for reconstruction of auricular deformity. However, the risk of complication and discomfort at the donor site, as well as distortion of the graft due to morphological change in the cartilage have been serious drawbacks to this procedure. Previous studies examining the chondrogenic potential of perichondrium have suggested that perichondrium may be used as graft for cartilage reconstruction. When a perichondrial flap or a free perichondrium was used as graft, new cartilage formed appositional to the grafted perichondrium. However, the neocartilage was often irregular in shape and varied considerably in quantity. In this study, the feasibility of controlling the shape and the mass of neocartilage was investigated using coral, a porous biomaterial, as a template. A coral a template was wrapped with perichondrial flap from the ears of New Zealand white rabbits and placed into a subcutaneous pocket in the rabbits and placed into a subcutaneous pocket in the rabbit's back by incision. A total of 12 animals were used. Formation of new cartilage was later evaluated by gross and histological examination of the perichondrial flap and the coral template. New cartilage was formed in 11 animals. Immature chondrocytes were visible by 3 weeks after the surgery, and by 8 weeks the immature chondrocytes had formed a cartilage. New cartilage was formed only on the surface of the coral template. These results indicated that the shape and the mass of new cartilage may be controlled by using coral template. Therefore, the desired shape of cartilage may be achieved using a coral template of corresponding shape, and this may help in correcting subtle auricular contour defect and in correcting other structural defects that also require new cartilage formation.
Animals ; Anthozoa* ; Cartilage ; Chondrocytes ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Ear ; Humans ; Rabbits ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

Thirty-nine patients with fixed drug eruption who visited the Department of Dermatology in National Medical Center from January 1g7g to December 1982 were selected. Among them, twentyseven patients performed skin biopsy and were evaluated histopathologically on the basis of duration. The results were as follows; ].In the early stage less than 1 week of duration, hydropic degeneration of basal cells, necrotic keratinocytes with eosinophilic cytoplasm and pknotic nucleus in the epidermis, and mixed cell infiltration with eosinophlis in the upper dermis were prominently. In the late stage more than 20 days of duration, acanthosis, an increased amount of melanin in the basal cell layer and presence of melanophages were found more prominent, however, hydropic degeneration of basal cells, papillary dermal ederna, inflammatory infiltration of mononuclear cells were found less prounced or absent.
Biopsy ; Cytoplasm ; Dermatology ; Dermis ; Drug Eruptions* ; Eosinophils ; Epidermis ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Melanins ; Skin

This study was designed to examine the dental asymmetry in person with facial asymmetry and to examine the relationship between the degree of mandibular deviation and asymmetry of maxillary dental arch. The samples were divided to asymmetry group and normal group. The asymmetry group consisted of 21 subjects(6 males and 15 females) and their mean age was 23.5 years. The normal group consisted of 20 subjects(10 males and 10 females) and their mean age was 18.6 Years. Anteroposterior, transverse position of all maxillary teeth except 3rd molars, vertical position of maxillary Ist molars, and angulation of central incisors were measured. The anterivposterior and transverse positions of teeth were measured on the maxillary dental casts, the vertical position of maxillary 1st molars and angulation of maxillary incisors were measured on posteroanterior cephalometiic radiographs. The data were analyzed to examine whether significant asymmetries existed in each of the asymmetry and normal groups. The results of this study were as follows : 1. In the asymmetry group, the correlation between the degree of mandibular deviation and that of 3-dimensional dental asymmetry was not so high. 2. In the asymmetry group, the teeth in deviated side were more laterally positioned than that of undeviated side. There were differences in the anteroposterior position of maxillary 1st and 2nd molars and the angulation of maxillary central incisors. 3. In the asymmetry group, the transverse asymmetry was larger in the posterior teeth rather than in the anterior teeth and larger than the anteroposterior asymmetry.
Dental Arch* ; Facial Asymmetry ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Molar ; Tooth

To predict eruptive path of maxillary canine, 13 male and 11 female malocclusions were longitudinally studied for 4 years. And to study frequency and distribution of impaction of maxillary canine, 1500 malocclusions were studied. The path, velocity and duration of maxillary canine eruption were determined by periodic angular and linear measurement using periodic orthopantomograms and cephalograms. The following results were obtained. 1. Maxillary canine was erupted with 14.5degrees distal tipping from initial stage 98.1degrees to final stage 83.6degrees of axial inclination on orthopantomogram. 2. Eruptive velocity of maxillary canine was fastest on stage 4, and mean eruptive velocity was 10.5mm per year on stage 4. 3. Eruption of maxillary canine was completed 12 year 5 months in male and 11 years 8 months in female. 4. To predict the duration for eruption completion by position of maxillary canine on cephalogram, regression equation was obtained. 5. Frequency of impaction of maxillary canine was 1.47% in malocclusion and more frequent in male. Distribution of buccal and palatal, right and left impaction was no different, but unilateral impaction was more frequent.
Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies* ; Male ; Malocclusion

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Neurilemmoma* ; Neurofibromatosis 1

BACKGROUND: Intracoronary stenting in large coronary artery with diameters >3 mm has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of acute or threatened closures complicating balloon angioplasty and in the prevention of restenosis. However, whether equally favorable results are afforded by stent placement in small vessels (<3 mm) remains unclear. Accordingly, we evaluated the safety and feasibility of intracoronary stenting in native coronary vessels less than 2.75 mm in size. METHODS: Between January 1997 and July 1998, seventy eight patients with 81 lesions were treated with 83 stents, regardless of clinical setting. The angiographic criteria for enrollment included at least 70% stenosis and a vessel that reference diameter was less than 2.75 mm. Every patients received aspirin (300 mg qd, indefinitely) and ticlopidine (250 mg bid, one month) and was given a bolus dose of 10,000 U heparin during procedure. RESULTS: Angiographic success was achieved in 80 of 81 attempts (98%). There was one in-hospital death because of pump failure in AMI patient. There was no acute stent thrombosis. At 6 month follow-up, event free survival was achieved in 90% of patients and angiographic restenosis was found in 28% of patients (9/32). CONCLUSION: The present observational study demonstrates that angiography-guided stent placement in coronary artery < 2.75 mm in diameter is safe and effective in conjunction with current stent deplyment technique and antiplatelet protocol.
Angioplasty, Balloon ; Aspirin ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Heparin ; Humans ; Observational Study ; Stents* ; Thrombosis ; Ticlopidine

Neurovascular surgeons have been trying to find a solution to the problem of surgical invasiveness by applying minimally invasive keyhole approaches. A superciliary keyhole approach can be a reasonable alternative to a pterional approach for selected cases of small aneurysms arising at the supraclinoid internal carotid artery, A1 segment, anterior communicating artery, and M1 segment, including the middle cerebral artery bifurcation. The authors describe the surgical technique in detail in addition to the indications, limitations, and advantages of this minimally invasive keyhole approach.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive

The authors presented 9 cases of surgically treated CSF rhinorrhea, two of which were spontaneous and 7 were traumatic delayed. The duration of leakage was longer than 1 month in most cases and seven of the nine cases were complicated by meningitis. The leakage site was most accurately detected by metrizamide computed tomographic cisternography(MCTC) and the most frequent leakage site was the cribriform plate. Good surgical results were obtained by direct repair and/or shunt without recurrence during follow-up period from 7 months to 2 years.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea ; Ethmoid Bone ; Follow-Up Studies ; Meningitis ; Metrizamide ; Recurrence