A case of Osteogenic sarcoma arised from orbit 4 years after the radiation therapy for retinoblastoma in a 9 years old girl is presented. 4 Years ago, under the diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the left orbital exenteration was performed and was treated with x-ray radiation giving 4.500 gamma tumor dose in 4, weeks. On admission, the left orbital cavity was filled with hard mass and orbital bone revealed extensive destruction with osteoplastic changes on x-ray, and diffuse sarcomatous growth of anaplastic cells with abundant osteogenesis and osteoclastic activity microscopically. It is of authors' opinion that osteogenic sarcoma of orbital bone in this presented case might developed by irradition on retinoblastoma.
Child ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Orbit ; Osteoclasts ; Osteogenesis ; Osteosarcoma* ; Retinoblastoma*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Endoscopy* ; Gastrointestinal Diseases* ; Humans

Primary malignant melanoma occurring in the lung is very rare and only few cases have been reported in the literatures. We have experienced one case of primary malignant melanoma of the right middle lobe. The patient was a 65-year-old male who had cough with blood tinged sputum for one month. Chest computed tomography showed about 4.5x3 cm sized mass at the right middle lobe encasing the bronchus. Percutaneous needle biopsy was performed and confirmed to malignant melanoma. Physical examination and additional clinical history showed that the mass had not metastasized to other possible primary sites. The patient underwent thoracotomy with right middle lobe lobectomy. Histologically, the tumor showed sheets of tumor cells that have nuclear atypia and melanin pigment Postoperative course was uneventful and the patient has been followed up for 24 months with no recurrence.
Aged ; Biopsy, Needle ; Bronchi ; Cough ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Male ; Melanins ; Melanoma* ; Physical Examination ; Recurrence ; Sputum ; Thoracotomy ; Thorax ; Tolnaftate

BACKGROUND: Dopamine receptors have been regarded as a strong candidate involved in etiology of schizophrenia and a target for various antipsychotic drugs. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether dopamine D1 receptor(DRD1) gene polymorphisms would predict the treatment response to antipsychotics in schizophrenia. METHOD: One hundred thirty-four schizophrenic patients, who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia were entered into a 48-week study. The psychopathology of the patients was assessed at baseline, 12th, 24th, 48th weeks of treatment by PANSS. Responders were defined by a 20% of the reduction in total PAnSS score at end point. The genomic DNA fragment corresponding to nucleotides of dopamine D1 receptor gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). RESULT: Neither allelic frequencies nor genotypes for dopamine D1 receptor differed significantly between responders and non-responders. Also, there was no difference of changes of PANSS scores among three genotype groups of the dopamine D1 receptor. CONCLUSION: Allelic variation in the dopamine D1 gene is not associated with individual differences in antipsychotic response.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; DNA ; Dopamine* ; Genotype* ; Humans ; Individuality ; Nucleotides ; Psychopathology ; Receptors, Dopamine ; Receptors, Dopamine D1* ; Schizophrenia

PURPOSE: To report a case of sudden unilateral visual loss and total external ophthalmoplegia combined with multifocal brain infarction following injection of hyaluronic acid (Restylane; Q-Med AB, Uppsala, Sweden) into the glabella area. CASE SUMMARY: A 25-year-old woman was referred for sudden unilateral visual loss and blepharoptosis. Visual acuity was no light perception in the right eye and 0.15 in the left eye. The best corrected visual acuity was no light perception in the right eye and 1.0 in the left eye. The right pupil was dilated and a relative afferent pupillary defect was detected. The patient showed blepharoptosis and total external ophthalmoplegia on the right side. Fundus examination revealed central retinal artery occlusion and pale disc in the right eye. The patient had developed skin necrosis and a surrounding reddish reticular pattern on her face around the glabella. She was injected with hyaluronic acid for 5 times into the glabella area. Fluorescein angiography of the right eye revealed markedly prolonged choroidal filling around the optic disc with no retinal arterial filling. Brain MRI showed multifocal punctuate acute infarction in both frontal lobes. After 2 months, ophthalmoplegia improved partially although her right eye vision did not, and 15 PD right exotropia was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Although most complications of dermal fillers are mild and transient, severe and persistent adverse effects can occur including tissue necrosis, retinal artery occlusion, and brain infarction. Therefore cosmetic procedures should be carefully performed when administering periocular dermal filler injection. A prompt consultation with an ophthalmologist is recommended when there is evidence of visual problems after injection.
Blepharoptosis ; Brain ; Brain Infarction ; Choroid ; Cosmetics ; Exotropia ; Eye ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Infarction ; Light ; Necrosis ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Pupil ; Pupil Disorders ; Retinal Artery Occlusion ; Retinaldehyde ; Skin ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal endothelial cell density (ENDO) in pseudoexfoliation syndrome. METHODS: Medical records of patients who underwent a preoperative examination for cataract surgery and an examination for glaucoma were retrospectively reviewed. The present study included 44 patients (59 eyes) and age- and sex-matched controls. The total pseudoexfoliation patients divided into 2 groups, such as pseudoexfoliation syndrome (28 eyes) and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (21 eyes) .The intraocular pressure (IOP), CCT, ENDO, corneal curvature (CC) and axial length (AL) were measured. RESULTS: The total pseudoexfoliation group showed significantly higher IOP (p = 0.001), thinner CCT (p = 0.003) and lower ENDO (p = 0.037). The pseudoexfoliation syndrome group showed significantly thinner CCT (p = 0.010) and lower EDNO (p = 0.041), but no significant difference in IOP (p = 0.941). There was no significant difference in CCT (p = 0.060) and ENDO (p = 0.171) between the pseudoexfoliative glaucoma group and controls, but the pseudoexfolliative glaucoma group showed significantly higher IOP (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The pseudoexfoliation group showed thinner CCT which should be taken into consideration when evaluating IOP with the applanation tonometer and diagnosing glaucoma, especially in pseudoexfoliation syndrome patients.
Cataract ; Endothelial Cells ; Exfoliation Syndrome ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To measure the lamina cribrosa thickness (LCT) in vivo of healthy people and to determine any association between the LCT and age or sex. METHODS: We evaluated 100 eyes of 100 healthy volunteers. Forty eyes were selected and divided into 2 specific age groups (38-49 and 78-89 years) and the differences were assessed with respect to age and sex. Each participant underwent a complete eye examination and the LCT was evaluated with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) mode. RESULTS: Eighty-seven eyes were considered for the measurement and analysis of the LCT and 13 eyes were excluded because of an unclear image for identifying the LCT. The mean age was 55.0 +/- 19.5 years. The mean LCT in healthy volunteers was 231.3 +/- 41.6 microm (range, 152.5 - 327.5 microm) and a negative relationship was found between LCT and age (LCT = -1.614 x age + 320.191 microm, 95% CI for slope -1.91 to -1.32, r2 = 0.572, p < 0.001). Regarding differences related to sex, males had relatively thicker LCT than females, irrespective of age, although not statistically significant (p = 0.623). CONCLUSIONS: The present study results showed a decrease in human LCT with increasing age. Therefore, a decreasing LCT with an increasing age could be considered a strong risk factor for the development of glaucoma. In addition, measuring the LCT may help to understand the disease prognosis.
Eye ; Female ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

BACKGROUNDING/AIMS: It has been nearly established that liver resection for colorectal metastases is a relatively safe procedure with survival benefit to patients. This study was performed to evaluate if the liver resection for colorectal metastases is effective method and to determine the appropriate therapeutic modality. METHODS: Between January 1995 and January 1999, sixteen patients who had liver resectin for metastatic colorectal carcinoma at our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Wedge resection was performed in 7 patients, segmentectomy in 3 patients, and lobectomy in 6 patients. The median survival time was 26 months and cumulative 1 and 4-year survival rate were 83.1% and 34.6%, respectively. Extent of hepatic resection had marginally influenced the survival(p=0.0514). No prognostic factor was related significantly to survival. Recurrence in remaining liver following the anatomical liver resection was significantly low compared with wedge resection( 12.5% vs. 71.5%, p=0.035). CONCLUSION: Liver resection is an effective and safe treatment for colorectal liver metastases. The anatomical liver resection decreased recurrence rate in the remnant liver. The curative resection with an adequate surgical margin will improve outcome.
Colorectal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Liver* ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

No abstract available.

The development of curvilinear EUS has enabled EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration of intra-abdominal mass lesions. With the introduction of interventional EUS, this technology has undergone several modifications in order to be applied to clinical medicine. One of the potential uses of interventional EUS is the EUS-guided local therapy of pancreatic tumors. Various treatment modalities such as fine-needle injection, radiofrequency ablation, photodynamic therapy, laser ablation, and brachytherapy have been tried under EUS guidance. Some of these modalities are being applied clinically. These methods for EUS-guided local therapy of pancreatic tumors will be reviewed in this article.
Animals ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Catheter Ablation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endosonography ; Humans ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology/surgery/*therapy ; Photochemotherapy ; Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use