OBJECTIVES: A different sequence change, in the mitochondrial tRNA gene, has been proposed as a candidate mutation in the sensorineurnal hearing loss. The purpose of current study is to identify the association between the noise-induced sensorineurnal hearing loss and the A to G mutation at nucleotide 3243 of mitochondrial DNA. METHODS: Subjects were established by history and chart review, and audiological and clinical data were obtained. Blood was sampled from 101 controls, 50 noise-induced hearing loss, and 12 sensorineural deafness. The DNA of these individuals was extracted, and mitochondrial genome was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, the coding sequence of mitochondrial genome was sequenced, and compared to the normal sequence, and all sequence variations were analyzed by restriction endonuclease ApaI. RESULTS: Mitochondrial DNA mutation (3243A->G) was not detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in any patients with noise-induced hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and normal control without hearing loss in Koreans. The DNA sequencing of PCR products did not revealed an A to G substitution at nucleotide 3243 of mitochondrial DNA. CONCLUSIONS: The noise-induced sensorineural hearing loss was not associated with mitochondrial DNA mutation (3243A->G)
Clinical Coding ; Deafness ; DNA ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Mitochondrial* ; Genome, Mitochondrial ; Hearing Loss ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural* ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Transfer ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

No abstract available.
Digoxigenin* ; DNA* ; Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis*

Adenosquamous cell carcinoma (Ad-SCC) of the colon is rare. The pathogenesis of Ad-SCC is unclear, however, several hypotheses have been suggested. The clinical presentation and gross findings of Ad-SCC of the colon are similar to those of adenocarcinoma of the colon, but Ad-SCC has a more aggressive clinical course and a poorer prognosis. We report on two cases of Ad-SCC of the colon with obstruction; a collision-type Ad-SCC that has not only obstruction but also numerous hepatic metastases, and a composite-type Ad-SCC treated with left hemicolectomy followed by an adjuvant chemotherapy.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis

No abstract available.
Histiocytoma*

The effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) on movement and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive (ir) neuronal changes in young (5~6 weeks) and aged (10~12 months) C57BL/6 mice were studied. Locomotor activity was measured during 180 minutes after a single injection of 30 mg/kg of MPTP. For immunohistochemistry both young and aged mice were injected four repeated dosages of 10 mg/kg of MPTP 12 hours apart. We counted the numbers of TH-ir cell bodies using immunohistochemical technique in substantia nigra (SN), ventral tegmental area (VTA) and locus ceruleus (LC) 7 days after the last injection of MPTP. There was a marked decrease of locomotor activity in MPTP-treated young and aged mice, and a delay in recovery of locomotor activity in MPTP-treated aged mice. In young mice, there was a decrease in the number of TH-ir cell bodies in the SN of young mice, but not in VTA or LC. In aged mice, there was a significant decrease in the number of TH-ir cell bodies in VTA as well as SN. It was concluded that aged mice were more sensitive to MPTP than young mice, and MPTP-treated aged mice a more useful animal model for studing the characteristics of Parkinson's disease.
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine* ; Aging* ; Animals ; Immunohistochemistry ; Locus Coeruleus ; Mice* ; Models, Animal ; Motor Activity ; Neurons* ; Parkinson Disease ; Substantia Nigra ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ; Ventral Tegmental Area

Various cancer types have been associated with cancer-related cerebral infarction. In this study, we describe the first case of cancer-related cerebral infarction in which the underlying disease was primary bone marrow lymphoma (PBML). A 79-year-old man presented with abruptly developed bilateral lower extremity weakness and confusion. Diffusion-weighted imaging on admission showed multiple cortical and subcortical embolic infarction lesions in multiple vascular territories. Diagnostic evaluations to determine the embolic source revealed no abnormalities. Laboratory testing demonstrated elevated D-dimer (2.59 μg/mL) but no other prothrombotic abnormalities. In suspicion of cancer-related stroke, we performed chest CT, abdomen CT, and FDG-PET to detect the hidden malignancy. Findings revealed no evidence of cancer; however, they did reveal signs of anemia (hemoglobin 9.0 g/dL). Bone marrow aspiration biopsy showed large atypical B cell involvement suggestive of high-grade B cell lymphoma. The patient was diagnosed with primary bone marrow diffuse large B-cell lymphoma initially presenting with ischemic stroke. Our case suggests that primary bone marrow cancer may be a candidate for the differential diagnosis of hidden malignancy in patients with suspected cancer-related stroke. Bone marrow biopsy may be essential for establishing an appropriate differential diagnosis in patients with abnormal hematologic findings.

Adult ; Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia ; Biopsy ; Endothelial Cells ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Mouth ; Plasma Cells

PURPOSE: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a critical enzyme regulating folate level, which affects DNA synthesis and methylation. MTHFR is highly polymorphic, and its variant genotypes result in decreased MTHFR enzyme activity and lower plasma folate level. Generally, a low folate level is known to be associated with a gastrointestinal neoplasm. Three common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) resulting in amino-acid changes (C677T, A1298C and G1793A) have been reported in MTHFR. We studied the relationship of MTHFR C677T, A1298C and G1793A polymorphisms between from colon cancer group and control group of Korean people. METHODS: We performed a case- control study to examine the relationship between MTHFR C677, A1298C, and G1793A polymorphisms and the risk of colon cancer. Two hundred seven (207) individuals with colon cancer and 288 healthy persons were analyzed. Blood sampling of each group was performed, and (PCR-RFLP) was analyzed; as a result, MTHFR polymorphism genotypes were obtained. RESULTS: The genotype frequencies of MTHFR C677T polymorphisms were 27.1% (CC), 48.3% (CT), 24.6% (TT), and 72.9% (CT+TT) in the patient group and 39.2% (CC), 36.8% (CT), 24.0% (TT), and 60.8% (CT+TT) in the control group. The genotype frequencies of MTHFR A1298C polymorphisms were 58% (AA), 35.7% (AC), 6.3% (CC), and 42% (AC+CC) in the patient group and 55.6% (AA), 40.3% (AC), 4.2% (CC), and 44.4% (AC+CC) in control group. The genotype frequencies of MTHFR G1793A polymorphisms were 83% (GG), 15.9% (GA), 1% (AA), and 16.9% (GA+AA) in the patient group and 85.8% (GG), 11.8% (GA), 2.4% (AA), and 14.2% (GA+AA) in the control group. The 677CT genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk for colon cancer (adjusted OR=1.90, 95% confidence interval: 1.25~2.90 in CT) than the 677CC genotype. The 1298CC, 1298AC, 1793AA, and 1793GA genotypes were not associated with a significantly increased risk for colon cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The MTHFR C677T polymorphism may influence colon cancer, but the MTHFR A1298C and G1793A polymorphisms need to be studied further for careful interpretation and confirmation in larger studies.
Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; DNA ; Folic Acid ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; Genotype ; Humans ; Methylation ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; Plasma ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

OBJECTIVES: Manganese is cytotoxic to the central nervous system including basal ganglia. Its toxic mechanism is related to oxidative stress, mediated by toxic free radicals but is specultives. In the present study, we have investigated to manifest apoptosis in manganese-induced cytotoxicity in primary neuronal cell culture of rat basal ganglia. METHOD: To detect apoptotic neuronal cells were stained by the terminal deoxynu-cleotide(TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling(TUNEL) method and apoptotic changes in nuclei of neurons were observed by electron microscopy. RESULTS: We showed that TUNEL immunostain showed brownish signal in the nuclei of apoptotic cells and the proportions of apoptotic cells in Manganese treatment groups were more higher than controls. On transmission electron microscopy, there were chromatine condensation with margination toward nuclear membrane and condensation of cytoplasm in the treated with luM MnC1, for 48 hours in a basal ganglia neurons. Apoptotic bodies were found and consisted of semilunar-like condensed nuclei with relatively intact cytoplasmic organelles. CONCLUSIONS: Apoptosis appears to be one mechanism in the manganese-induced neuronal cell death. Manganese intoxication is a convenient model for apoptosis study.
Animals ; Apoptosis* ; Basal Ganglia* ; Cell Culture Techniques* ; Cell Death ; Central Nervous System ; Chromatin ; Cytoplasm ; Free Radicals ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Manganese* ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Neurons* ; Nuclear Envelope ; Organelles ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats

We retrospectively evaluated change of the intraocular pressure(IOP) after extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens insertion without a filtering procedure in patients who have had high IOP preoperatively. The study included 1geyes of 15 patients with a mean age of 57 years. The follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 24 months(average 7 months). Their mean preoperative IOP was 19.35 mmHg and was 14.29 mmHg about seven months after operation. The mean reduction of rap was 5.06 mmHg(26%). Mean IOP reduction was 4.82 mmHg(25%) in open-angle glaucoma and 6.09 mmHg(32%) in angleclosure glaucoma. In this study 15 of 19 eyes(79%) required glaucoma medication preoperatively. However, 6 of 15 eyes(40%) required a smaller number of medication postoperatively. Postoperatively, 18 of the 19 eyes of 95% achieved 0.6 or better visual acuity. One eye with visual acuity 0.2 was not improved due to diabetic retinopathy. Complications during surgery were not detectable. But immediate postoperative complications included hyphema(1 eye), prolonged punctate keratitis(2 eyes), cyclitic membrane(1 eye), and coneal abrasion(1 eye).
Cataract Extraction ; Cataract* ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity