Cubitus varus and valgus is one of late complication of elbow fracture, and this deformity is caused usually by malunion in supracondylar fracture or epiphysial injury of the elbow joint. 40 supracondylar closed wedge osteotomies (on cubitus varus 25, cubitus valgus 15) were performed at the supracondylar level and were fixed with two K-wires or French method. The following results were obtained: 1. The frequency of deformity of cubitus varus was higher than that of cubitus valgus: cubitus varus, 25 cases and cubitus valgus, 15 cases. 2. Injury of the supracondylar of the humerus frequentry occured between the age of 6 and 15 (65%). 3. In cubitus varus the degree of deformity ranging from −11° to −30° was the most common whereas in cubitus valgus that ranging from 30° to 40°, 4. Incomplete ulnar nerve palsy was revealed in 15 postoperative cases of cubitus varus of which 3 cases were treated by anterior transposition. In all cubitus valgus, tardy ulnar nerve symptom was disappeared after correction. 5. Nerve damage could be avoid by performing the closed wedge osteotomy and upper connection combind with posterolateral incision in cubitus varus and medial incision in cubitus valgue. 6. Internal fixation associated with cross pinning with two K-wires or French method were performed and good result was obtained without complication even though older case.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Elbow ; Elbow Joint ; Humerus ; Methods ; Osteotomy ; Ulnar Nerve ; Ulnar Neuropathies

Electron microscopic study of two malignant fibrous histiocytomas confirmed the presence of previously described tumor cells in the literature. In addition, there existed intermediate cells with morphologic features of both myofibroblasts and histiocytes, or both histiocytes and smooth muscle cells. Our result supported the idea that malignant fibrous histiocytoma may be derived from the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells that differentiate primarily along a fibroblastic and histiocytic cells.

Breast carcinoma has been infrequently reported in children. About 25 cases have been reported in world literatures since first description in 1913, by Bryan. We present a case of juvenile breast carcinoma in a 17 months old girl with brief review of literatures. Grossly, the submitted specimen is grayish white and measured by 1.3x1.0x0.8 cm in size. It is not encapsulated and its cut surfaces are homogeneous. Microscopic examination showed a neoplastic proliferation of duct cells forming mainly glandular spaces with focal papillary pattern, solid sheets or cribriform pattern. The glandular spaces were filled with collections of PAS-positive eosinophilic secretory materials. The individual cell varied from columnar to polygonal and showed moderate hyperchromatism and variation of nuclear size. Mitoses and necrosis are not found. Tumor cell invasion into the stroma was found.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans

Although embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma has been frequently reported in genitourinary tract, head and neck, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the biliary tree is an extremely rarte. It must be considered in differential diagnosis of jaundice in childhood. About 35 cases have been reported in world literatures, since first description on 1875, by Moxon and Wilks. We present a case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the biliary tree in a 25 months old boy with brief review of literatures. Since chief complaints of this case were jaundice and loss of appetite, the first clinical diagnosis was infectious hepatitis. On ultrasound examination, there is a space occupying lesion in right lobe of liver and it was diagnosed as hepatoma. Choledochoduodenostomy with biopsy was done. The operation revealed dilated common bile dut and both hepatic ducts which were filled with light brown jelly like materials and diagnosed as embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma on frozen and permanent senions. In gross and histologic characteristics, this tumor resembles embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma(sarcoma botryoides) in other locations. In spite of chemo-and radiotherapy after operation, the boy was died.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Biopsy

Cubitus varus deformity following supracondylar frscture of the humerus in children is one of the major complications. The angle between long axis of humeral shaft and the line formed by connecting lower margin of trochlea and capitellum has been described by authors as a new method of radiological assessment for the indirect measurement of carrying angle. From the author's retrospective radiological study in 115 normal children and 41 supracondylar fractured children, the results were as follows;1. In the 115 normal arms, the mean vslue of T-C angle was 1049±3.8° 2. In the 115 normal arms, a significant relationship was found between the Baumann angle and T-C angle. 3. In the 115 normal arms, a significant relationship was found between the Baumsnn angle and the Carrying angle. 4. In the 115 normal arms, a significant relationship was found between the T-C angle and the Carrying angle. 5. In the 41 injured arms, reliability test was performed for the excluding of effect of the environment. The results was that T-C angle was more reliable than Baumann angle as a indirect measurement method of the Carrying angle. From above results, it is suggested that T-C angle can be reliably used to predict the Carrying angle and prevent cubitus varus deformity in supracondylar fracture of humerus.
Arm ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Humerus ; Methods ; Retrospective Studies

Despite its fall in incidence, gastric adenocarcinoma remains a common disease with dismal prognosis worldwide. A better understanding of its tumorigenesis and biologic properties of tumor cells related to invasion and metastasis is crucial to improving diagnosis and treatment. Conflicting results concerning the relationships between overexpression of PAI-1, c-erbB2, and p53 protein and biologic behavior of gastric carcinoma have been noted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of overexpression of PAI-1, c-erbB2, and p53 protein as prognostic factors in gastric adenocarcinoma. Overexpression of PAI-1, c-erbB2, and p53 protein by immunohistochemistry was correlated with variable clinicopathological parameters and patients' survival in 80 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma. Overall PAI-1 expression rate was 63.7% (51/80) and higher in advanced cancer (p=0.0003) and nodal metastasis (p=0.003) groups. Overall c-erbB2 expression rate was 43.8% (35/80) and higher in antral (p=0.03), differentiated (p=0.001), intestinal (p=0.0007), and expanding (0.03) groups. The p53 protein overexpression was 37.5% (30/80) and higher in early cancer (p=0.02), differentiated (p=0.006) and intestinal groups (p=0.009). Patients with PAI-1, c-erbB2, and p53 protein positive tumors tended to have poorer survival rates than patients with PAI-1, c-erbB2, and p53 protein negative tumors, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.25, 0.37, 0.52). Our data indicated that PAI-1 overexpression is one of the poor prognostic factors in gastric adenocarcinoma and c-erbB2 and p53 protein seem to be involved in the early stage of carcinogenesis of intestinal type-gastric adenocarcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Carcinogenesis ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Incidence ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ; Plasminogen Activators* ; Plasminogen* ; Prognosis* ; Staphylococcal Protein A ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: To investigate renal toxicity of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) in children with Kawasaki disease and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. METHODS: 23 children with Kawasaki disease and 7 children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura who were treated with high-dose IVIG(2 g/kg) were evaluated for the change of urine output, blood urea nitrogen(BUN), serum creatinine(Scr), creatinine clearance(Ccr), tubular reabsorption of phosphorus(TRP), fractional excretion of sodium(FENa), 24hour urine b2-microg1obuin/creatinine(b2MG/cr) ratio and urine microalbumin/creatinine(MA/cr) ratio at post-IVIG 1 and 3 day. RESULTS: There was no significant change of urine output, BUN, Scr, Ccr, TRP, 24hour urine b2MG/cr and MA/cr ratio after high-dose IVIG treatment. Transient increase of FENa at post-IVIG 1 day was the only significant change. CONCLUSION: There was no significant renal toxicity of high-dose IVIG in children with Kawasaki disease and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura who had normal renal function.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Child ; Creatinine ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; Salivary Ducts* ; Urea

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

We investigated a unilocular mammary cyst occurring in a two and a half year old male baby. The cyst was lined by simple columnar epithelium and filled with a milky secretory material. These histologic features were consistent with galactocele. The child had enlarged left breast since birth, but it seemed to be noncontributory as the child had neither endocrine abnormalities nor perinatal disorders. Galactocele is an uncommon breast lesion usually occuring in females following lactation. It is rarely a cause of breast enlargement.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Cysts

No abstract available.
Seoul*