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Hemoperfusion ; Humans ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; therapy

BACKGROUND: Alienation is derived from dissimilation in philosophy.It is practically defined as the subjective state of individuals who develop negative feelings such as social isolation, uncontrollable and meaningless sense, oppression, and self-alienation because they are alien to others, the.society, nature and themselves, and even feel controlled.OBJECTIVE: To investigate alienation from psychological perspective,aiming to construct and verify the theoretical hypothesis of alienation,thereby working out alienation scale for adolescent students.DESIGN: Cross-sectional investigation.SETTING:National Key Research Center of Basic Psychology and National Key Liberal Arts of Southwest Normal University.PARTICIPANTS: The investigation was carried out from March to June 2000. The method of cohort stratified random sampling was adopted and the questionnaire was administered to adolescent students in Chongqing City and Lanzhou City. Inclusion criteria: volunteer students of grade one in junior high school to grade four in colleges. Exclusion criteria: Those who had incomplete data or had differences of more than 6 points in the total scores for three matched lie-testing questions in the questionnaire. A total of 1502 pieces of questionnaire were collected (including 1 066 questionnaires used for exploratory factor analysis and 436 questionnaires for verifying factor analysis); the age of the students covered the whole range of adolescence, and the boy-to-girl ratio in each grade was matched.METHODS:We combined literature analysis, investigation research and interview. The details are as follows: First, theoretical hypothesis was put forward based on literature analysis; then related variances were collected through interviews and open questionnaires, which were compared with the items in scales used home and abroad at present so as to work out predicting questions for adolescence alienation questionnaire. Finally, 52 items were screened out and used to construct the preliminary questionnaire. The formal alienation scale was made after standardized designation of behavioral variances, and verified for alienation analysis in adolescent students.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Behavioral apparent variances were collected based on interviews and open questionnaires, and used as psychological potential variances after statistical processing.RESULTS:Data of 1502 pieces of questionnaire were analyzed.① The correlation coefficient of each item in the scale was over 0.35. ② The correlation coefficient of each item with the dimension was over 0.30, with statistical significance(P ＜ 0.01). ③ The reliability coefficient of each item was over 0.39 with great significance(P ＜ 0.01). ④ Alienation was displayed in three dimensions: social alienation, interpersonal alienation and surrounding alienation, which were associated with the correspondingdimensions of related scales (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). ⑤Alienation could be divided into 9 levels: sense of meaninglessness, sense of self alienation, isolation, nature alienation, parent alienation, environmental alienation, sense of uncontrollability and social alienation. Parameters that accorded with the theoretical hypothesis and used for verifying analysis were proved rational.Based on the analysis of the 9 first-rank factors, second-rank structural model of 3 unrelated factors were obtained using main component analysis and the maximum variance cross rotation with the optimal coefficients of simulated parameters of: X2/df=4.87;GFI=0.94;A GFI=0.90;RMR=0.0S;NFI=0.93;NNFI=0.92;CFI=0.95;IFI=0.95.CONCLUSION: Alienation scale has been proved to be reliable and valid. It can be used to assess alienation in adolescent students and has potential value of application in healthy psychological development and psychological education.

Microcirculation disturbance and ischemia of the pancreas are important pathophysiological changes in the onset of acute pancrea-titis,and organ hypoperfusion is a risk factor for poor prognosis.During the first 12 to 24 hours after admission,fluid resuscitation is the most important medical treatment for the early stage of acute pancreatitis,and timely and rational fluid infusion helps to improve prognosis. However,there lacks high -quality clinical evidence for type of fluid,infusion speed,and monitoring methods,and more randomized con-trolled trials are needed.

Objective To compare the clinical characteristics of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and normal gestational glucose metabolism at the 25th weeks of pregnant. Methods Sixty-eighty patients with GDM (GDM group) and 68 patients with normal blood glucose(control group) were enrolled in this study. During 25 weeks of pregnancy, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), blood pressure, fasting insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, uric acid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured and body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistence index (HOMA-IR), insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were computed. The results were compared between two groups. Results The age in GDM group was significantly higher than that in control group: (31.38 ± 0.54) years vs. (29.50 ± 0.56) years, P<0.05. The systolic pressure in two groups had no significant difference (P>0.05), but diastolic blood pressure in GDM group was significantly higher than that in control group:(73.2 ± 0.8) mmHg vs. (70.9 ± 0.8) mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa, P<0.05. The body weight and BMI in GDM group were significantly higher than that in control group:(65.67 ± 1.76) kg vs. (57.76 ± 1.11) kg, (24.77 ± 0.61) kg/m2 vs. (22.11 ± 0.42) kg/m2, P<0.01. The levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting insulin and HOMA- IR in GDM group were significantly higher than those in control group (5.546 ± 0.746)% vs. (5.085 ± 0.034)% , (17.870 ± 1.015) mU/L vs. (14.400 ± 0.634) mU/L, 4.192 ± 0.271 vs. 2.645 ± 0.128, but the level of ISI in GDM group was significantly lower than that in control group:0.014 ± 0.001 vs. 0.020 ± 0.001, and there were significantly differences (P<0.01). The levels of uric acid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in two groups had no significant differences (P>0.05). Conclusions Compared to those with normal blood glucose, the patients with GDM have the characteristics of higher age, higher body weight, higher BMI, higher diastolic blood pressure , higher level of insulin, insulin resistance and decreased insulin sensitivity.

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Objective To analyze the detection results of TORCH antibodies for further understanding the TORCH infection situation among different groups in Qujing area .Methods The detection results of 3035 cases of TORCH antibodies were retro-spectively analyzed ,and the detection results were grouped into the male group and female group ,juvenile group and adult group , and the positive rate of TORCH antibodies was statistically analyzed .Results (1) In the TORCH-IgG various antibodies detec-tion ,the positive rate of CMV-IgG antibody was highest(84 .78% ) .In the TORCH-IgM various antibodies detection ,the positive rate of RUV-IgM antibody was highest(9 .92% ) .(2)The positive rates of RUV ,CMV and HSVⅠ /Ⅱ-IgG and IgM antibodies in the female group were higher than those in the male group ,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) ,but the IgM and TOX-IgG had no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0 .05) .(3)The positive rates of TOX ,RUV , CMV and HSVⅠ /Ⅱ-IgG antibodies in the adult group were higher than those in the juvenile group ,the differences were statistical-ly significant (P< 0 .05) .The positive rates of TOX ,RUV and HSV Ⅰ /Ⅱ-IgM antibodies in the adult group were higher than those in the juvenile group ,the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) ,but the CMV-IgM had no statistically signifi-cant difference between the two groups (P>0 .05) .Conclusion The infection rates of CMV ,RUV ,HSVⅠ /Ⅲ were higher in Qu-jing area .The infection rates are higher in the adult group and female group .Therefore ,TORCH infection should be early found and the infected persons should take some intervention and treatment measures .

There is a huge demand of assistive service from persons with disabilities in China. To set up a security system of assistive technology at nation level will help the disabled to get service. This paper introduced the function of assistive device, discussed the necessity of setting up assistive service security system from the perspective of human right, social civilization, government duty, social security, in-dustry.

Objective To explore the correlation between serum cytokines and the depression degree in the patients with colorec-tal cancer.Methods 9 6 cases of colorectal cancer were selected and divided into 2 groups according to the patients health question-naire(PHQ-9):the depression group (52 cases)and the non-depression group (44 cases),and 40 healthy cases were recruited as the control.Serum interleukin-2 (IL-2),soluble interleukin-2 receptor (SIL-2R)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELSIA).The detection results were compared among various groups.And the correlation be-tween the expression of various cytokines and the depression degree was analyzed by the Pearson′s correlation coefficient.Results The levels of IL-2,SIL-2R and TNF-αhad statistical differences among 3 groups (P<0.05);no statistical difference in the TNF-αexpression was noted between the depression and the non-depression groups (P>0.05),but which in these two groups was higher than that in healthy group (P<0.05);the IL-2 level in the depression group was significantly lower than that in the non-depression group(P<0.05);the SIL-2 R level in the depression group was obviously higher than that in the non-depression group (P<0.05), moreover,which in these two groups was higher than that in the healthy group (P<0.05).By correlation analysis,the depression degree in the patients with colorectal cancer was negatively correlated with the IL-2 level (r=-0.259,P<0.05)and positively correlated with the SIL-2R level(r=0.412,P<0.05).Conclusion The levels of IL-2 and SIL-2R have certain correlation with the depression degree in the patients with colorectal cancer,it is speculated that the above cytokines may play a mediating role in the pathogenesis process of depression in the colorectal cancer patients.